Propagating Uncertainty Across Cascaded Medical Imaging Tasks for Improved Deep Learning Inference

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Raghav Mehta ◽  
Thomas Christinck ◽  
Tanya Nair ◽  
Paul Lemaitre ◽  
Douglas Arnold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Medical Imaging

scholarly journals Data augmentation for computed tomography angiography via synthetic image generation and neural domain adaptation

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte Seemann ◽  
Lennart Bargsten ◽  
Alexander Schlaefer
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Domain Adaptation ◽  
Synthetic Image ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDeep learning methods produce promising results when applied to a wide range of medical imaging tasks, including segmentation of artery lumen in computed tomography angiography (CTA) data. However, to perform sufficiently, neural networks have to be trained on large amounts of high quality annotated data. In the realm of medical imaging, annotations are not only quite scarce but also often not entirely reliable. To tackle both challenges, we developed a two-step approach for generating realistic synthetic CTA data for the purpose of data augmentation. In the first step moderately realistic images are generated in a purely numerical fashion. In the second step these images are improved by applying neural domain adaptation. We evaluated the impact of synthetic data on lumen segmentation via convolutional neural networks (CNNs) by comparing resulting performances. Improvements of up to 5% in terms of Dice coefficient and 20% for Hausdorff distance represent a proof of concept that the proposed augmentation procedure can be used to enhance deep learning-based segmentation for artery lumen in CTA images.

scholarly journals Deep learning-based solvability of underdetermined inverse problems in medical imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 101967
Author(s):  
Chang Min Hyun ◽  
Seong Hyeon Baek ◽  
Mingyu Lee ◽  
Sung Min Lee ◽  
Jin Keun Seo
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Inverse Problems

Diagnosing breast cancer tumors using stacked ensemble model

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ahmet Haşim Yurttakal ◽  
Hasan Erbay ◽  
Türkan İkizceli ◽  
Seyhan Karaçavuş ◽  
Cenker Biçer
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Physical Sign ◽  
Ensemble Model ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Dce Mri

Breast cancer is the most common cancer that progresses from cells in the breast tissue among women. Early-stage detection could reduce death rates significantly, and the detection-stage determines the treatment process. Mammography is utilized to discover breast cancer at an early stage prior to any physical sign. However, mammography might return false-negative, in which case, if it is suspected that lesions might have cancer of chance greater than two percent, a biopsy is recommended. About 30 percent of biopsies result in malignancy that means the rate of unnecessary biopsies is high. So to reduce unnecessary biopsies, recently, due to its excellent capability in soft tissue imaging, Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) has been utilized to detect breast cancer. Nowadays, DCE-MRI is a highly recommended method not only to identify breast cancer but also to monitor its development, and to interpret tumorous regions. However, in addition to being a time-consuming process, the accuracy depends on radiologists’ experience. Radiomic data, on the other hand, are used in medical imaging and have the potential to extract disease characteristics that can not be seen by the naked eye. Radiomics are hard-coded features and provide crucial information about the disease where it is imaged. Conversely, deep learning methods like convolutional neural networks(CNNs) learn features automatically from the dataset. Especially in medical imaging, CNNs’ performance is better than compared to hard-coded features-based methods. However, combining the power of these two types of features increases accuracy significantly, which is especially critical in medicine. Herein, a stacked ensemble of gradient boosting and deep learning models were developed to classify breast tumors using DCE-MRI images. The model makes use of radiomics acquired from pixel information in breast DCE-MRI images. Prior to train the model, radiomics had been applied to the factor analysis to refine the feature set and eliminate unuseful features. The performance metrics, as well as the comparisons to some well-known machine learning methods, state the ensemble model outperforms its counterparts. The ensembled model’s accuracy is 94.87% and its AUC value is 0.9728. The recall and precision are 1.0 and 0.9130, respectively, whereas F1-score is 0.9545.

scholarly journals End-to-end privacy preserving deep learning on multi-institutional medical imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Kaissis ◽  
Alexander Ziller ◽  
Jonathan Passerat-Palmbach ◽  
Théo Ryffel ◽  
Dmitrii Usynin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Privacy Preserving ◽  
End To End

scholarly journals Deep learning-enabled medical computer vision

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Esteva ◽  
Katherine Chou ◽  
Serena Yeung ◽  
Nikhil Naik ◽  
Ali Madani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Computer Vision ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Real World ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
Medical Computer

AbstractA decade of unprecedented progress in artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated the potential for many fields—including medicine—to benefit from the insights that AI techniques can extract from data. Here we survey recent progress in the development of modern computer vision techniques—powered by deep learning—for medical applications, focusing on medical imaging, medical video, and clinical deployment. We start by briefly summarizing a decade of progress in convolutional neural networks, including the vision tasks they enable, in the context of healthcare. Next, we discuss several example medical imaging applications that stand to benefit—including cardiology, pathology, dermatology, ophthalmology–and propose new avenues for continued work. We then expand into general medical video, highlighting ways in which clinical workflows can integrate computer vision to enhance care. Finally, we discuss the challenges and hurdles required for real-world clinical deployment of these technologies.

Deep Learning In Medical Imaging And Drug Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Surayya Ado Bala ◽  
Shri Ojha Kant ◽  
Adamu Garba Yakasai
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Drug Design ◽  
Therapy Monitoring ◽  
Surrogate Endpoint ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Medical Diagnostic

Over the last decade, deep learning (DL) methods have been extremely successful and widely used in almost every domain. Researchers are now focusing on the convergence of medical imaging and drug design using deep learning to revolutionize medical diagnostic and improvement in the monitoring from response to therapy. DL a new machine learning paradigm that focuses on learning with deep hierarchical models of data. Medical imaging has transformed healthcare science, it was thought of as a diagnostic tool for disease, but now it is also used in drug design. Advances in medical imaging technology have enabled scientists to detect events at the cellular level. The role of medical imaging in drug design includes identification of likely responders, detection, diagnosis, evaluation, therapy monitoring, and follow-up. A qualitative medical image is transformed into a quantitative biomarker or surrogate endpoint useful in drug design decision-making. For this, a parameter needs to be identified that characterizes the disease baseline and its subsequent response to treatment. The result is a quantifiable improvement in healthcare quality in most therapeutic areas, resulting in improvements in quality and duration of life. This paper provides an overview of recent studies on applying the deep learning method in medical imaging and drug design. We briefly discuss the fields related to the history of deep learning, medical imaging, and drug design.

scholarly journals On the Methods for Detecting Brain Tumor from MRI images

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9s) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Tumor Detection ◽  
Gray Level ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
High Diversity

Brain tumor detection from MRI images is a challenging process due to high diversity in the tumor pixels of different peoples. Automatic detection has got wide spread acclaim because the manual detection by experts is time consuming and prone to error in judgment. Due to its high mortality rate, detection of tumor automatically is a new emerging technique in bio medical imaging. Here we present a review of few methods from simple thresholding to advanced deep learning methods for segmentation of tumor from MRI data. The segmentation of tumor methods is classified to image segmentation using gray level processing, machine learning and deep learning. The results of various methods are compared to find the best methods available. As medical imaging methods have improving day by day this review will help to understand emerging trends in brain tumor detection.

Deep Learning and Medical Imaging

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-147
Author(s):  
Nourhan Mohamed Zayed ◽  
Heba A. Elnemr
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Medical Image Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Conventional Machine ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Nested Hierarchy ◽  
Great Potency

Deep learning (DL) is a special type of machine learning that attains great potency and flexibility by learning to represent input raw data as a nested hierarchy of essences and representations. DL consists of more layers than conventional machine learning that permit higher levels of abstractions and improved prediction from data. More abstract representations computed in terms of less abstract ones. The goal of this chapter is to present an intensive survey of existing literature on DL techniques over the last years especially in the medical imaging analysis field. All these techniques and algorithms have their points of interest and constraints. Thus, analysis of various techniques and transformations, submitted prior in writing, for plan and utilization of DL methods from medical image analysis prospective will be discussed. The authors provide future research directions in DL area and set trends and identify challenges in the medical imaging field. Furthermore, as quantity of medicinal application demands increase, an extended study and investigation in DL area becomes very significant.

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