Development of a Computational Modelling Platform for Patient-specific Treatment of Osteoporosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-107
Author(s):  
Madge Martin ◽  
Vittorio Sansalone ◽  
Peter Pivonka
Keyword(s):  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Treatment Of Osteoporosis

Patient-specific treatment allocation for carotid artery disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Marc Bosiers ◽  
Koen Deloose ◽  
Jurgen Verbist ◽  
Patrick Peeters
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Artery Disease ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Treatment Allocation ◽  
Artery Disease

scholarly journals The effect of beta-blockers on hemodynamic parameters in patient-specific blood flow simulations of type-B aortic dissection: a virtual study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Amin Abazari ◽  
Deniz Rafieianzab ◽  
M. Soltani ◽  
Mona Alimohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Dissection ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
False Lumen ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Type B ◽  
Windkessel Model ◽  
Computed Tomography Images

AbstractAortic dissection (AD) is one of the fatal and complex conditions. Since there is a lack of a specific treatment guideline for type-B AD, a better understanding of patient-specific hemodynamics and therapy outcomes can potentially control the progression of the disease and aid in the clinical decision-making process. In this work, a patient-specific geometry of type-B AD is reconstructed from computed tomography images, and a numerical simulation using personalised computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with three-element Windkessel model boundary condition at each outlet is implemented. According to the physiological response of beta-blockers to the reduction of left ventricular contractions, three case studies with different heart rates are created. Several hemodynamic features, including time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), highly oscillatory, low magnitude shear (HOLMES), and flow pattern are investigated and compared between each case. Results show that decreasing TAWSS, which is caused by the reduction of the velocity gradient, prevents vessel wall at entry tear from rupture. Additionally, with the increase in HOLMES value at distal false lumen, calcification and plaque formation in the moderate and regular-heart rate cases are successfully controlled. This work demonstrates how CFD methods with non-invasive hemodynamic metrics can be developed to predict the hemodynamic changes before medication or other invasive operations. These consequences can be a powerful framework for clinicians and surgical communities to improve their diagnostic and pre-procedural planning.

scholarly journals Towards Patient-Specific Computational Modelling of Articular Cartilage on the Basis of Advanced Multiparametric MRI Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Linka ◽  
Amelie Schäfer ◽  
Markus Hillgärtner ◽  
Mikhail Itskov ◽  
Matthias Knobe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Multiparametric Mri ◽  
Patient Specific

scholarly journals How to predict relapse in leukaemia using time series data: A comparative in silico study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Hoffmann ◽  
Christoph Baldow ◽  
Thomas Zerjatke ◽  
Andrea Gottschalk ◽  
Sebastian Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Computational Methods ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Clinical Markers

SummaryRisk stratification and treatment decisions for leukaemia patients are regularly based on clinical markers determined at diagnosis, while measurements on system dynamics are often neglected. However, there is increasing evidence that linking quantitative time-course information to disease outcomes can improving the predictions for patient-specific treatment response.We analyzed the potential of different computational methods to accurately predict relapse for chronic and acute myeloid leukaemia, particularly focusing on the influence of data quality and quantity. Technically, we used clinical reference data to generate in-silico patients with varying levels of data quality. Based hereon, we compared the performance of mechanistic models, generalized linear models, and neural networks with respect to their accuracy for relapse prediction. We found that data quality has a higher impact on prediction accuracy than the specific choice of the method. We further show that adapted treatment and measurement schemes can considerably improve prediction accuracy. Our proof-of-principle study highlights how computational methods and optimized data acquisition strategies can improve risk assessment and treatment of leukaemia patients.

scholarly journals Modeling glioblastoma invasion using human brain organoids and single-cell transcriptomics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa G Krieger ◽  
Stephan M Tirier ◽  
Jeongbin Park ◽  
Tanja Eisemann ◽  
Heike Peterziel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Cellular Heterogeneity ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Invasive Capacity ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Potential Interactions

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are devastating neoplasms with high invasive capacity. GBM has been difficult to study in vitro. Therapeutic progress is also limited by cellular heterogeneity within and between tumors. To address these challenges, we present an experimental model using human cerebral organoids as a scaffold for patient-derived glioblastoma cell invasion. By tissue clearing and confocal microscopy, we show that tumor cells within organoids extend a network of long microtubes, recapitulating the in vivo behavior of GBM. Single-cell RNA-seq of GBM cells before and after co-culture with organoid cells reveals transcriptional changes implicated in the invasion process that are coherent across patient samples, indicating that GBM cells reactively upregulate genes required for their dispersion. Functional therapeutic targets are identified by an in silico receptor-ligand pairing screen detecting potential interactions between GBM and organoid cells. Taken together, our model has proven useful for studying GBM invasion and transcriptional heterogeneity in vitro, with applications for both pharmacological screens and patient-specific treatment selection at a time scale amenable to clinical practice.

scholarly journals Age- and sex-related changes of the volume of maxillary sinuses quantified via cone beam computed tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. e312101422220
Author(s):  
Lucas Eigi Borges Tanaka ◽  
Ademir Franco ◽  
Rafael Ferreira Abib ◽  
Luiz Roberto Coutinho Manhães-Junior ◽  
Sergio Lucio Pereira de Castro Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

Anatomical studies found in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) an optimal resource for the three-dimensional (3D) assessment of the head and neck. When it comes to the maxillary sinuses, CBCT enables a life-size reliable volumetric analysis. This study aimed to assess the age and sex-related changes of the maxillary sinuses using volumetric CBCT analysis. The sample consisted of CBCT scans of 112 male (n = 57) and female (n = 55) individuals (224 maxillary sinuses) distributed in 5 age categories: 20 |— 30, 31 |— 40, 41 |— 50, 51 |— 60 and > 60 years. Image acquisition was accomplished with the i-CAT Next Generation device set with voxel size of 0.25 mm and field of view that included the maxillary sinuses (retrospective sample collection from an existing database). Image segmentation was performed in itk-SNAP (www.itksnap.org) software. The volume (mm3) of the segmented sinuses was quantified and compared pairwise based on side (left and right), sex (male and female) and age (five groups). Differences between left and right sides volume were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The mean volume of maxillary sinuses in males was 22% higher than females (p = 0.0001). Volumetric differences were not statistically significant between age categories for males and females (p > 0.05). The discriminant power of sinuses’ volume may support customized and patient-specific treatment planning based on sex.

scholarly journals Deficiency of 15-LOX-1 Induces Radioresistance through Downregulation of MacroH2A2 in Colorectal Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoo Jin Na ◽  
Bo Ram Kim ◽  
Jung Lim Kim ◽  
Sanghee Kang ◽  
Yoon A. Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Histone H2a ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment ◽  
Damage Response ◽  
Radiation Induced

Despite the importance of radiation therapy, there are few radiation-related markers available for use in clinical practice. A larger catalog of such biomarkers is required to help clinicians decide when radiotherapy should be replaced with a patient-specific treatment. Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX-1) enzyme is involved in polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism. When colorectal cancer (CRC) cells were exposed to radiation, 15-LOX-1 was upregulated. To verify whether 15-LOX-1 protects against or induces DNA damage, we irradiated sh15-LOX-1 stable cells. We found that low 15-LOX-1 is correlated with radioresistance in CRC cells. These data suggest that the presence of 15-LOX-1 can be used as a marker for radiation-induced DNA damage. Consistent with this observation, gene-set-enrichment analysis based on microarray experiments showed that UV_RESPONSE was decreased in sh15-LOX-1 cells compared to shCon cells. Moreover, we discovered that the expression of the histone H2A variant macroH2A2 was sevenfold lower in sh15-LOX-1 cells. Overall, our findings present mechanistic evidence that macroH2A2 is transcriptionally regulated by 15-LOX-1 and suppresses the DNA damage response in irradiated cells by delaying H2AX activation.

Determining Peritoneal Dialysis Prescriptions by Employing a Patient -Specific Protocol

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Zabetakis ◽  
Randi Krapf ◽  
Maria v. DeVita ◽  
Gilbert W. Gleim ◽  
Michael F. Michelis
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Simple Calculation ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Specific Protocol ◽  
Continuous Cycling ◽  
Dialysate Volume

Objective To develop a formula that would permit a rapid and simple calculation of required dialysate volume needed to provide a predetermined daily creatinine clearance. Design Prospective study of peritoneal dialysis patients followed for 6 months. Setting A primary care teaching hospital in New York. Patients Twenty-six patients beginning peritoneal dialysis entered and completed the study. Intervention By employing each patient's measured peritoneal equilibration test (PET) and a standard clearance formula, a patient-specific treatment protocol (PSP) was calculated. The PET 2-hour DIP croat was used for continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) and the 4hour DIP patients on continuous ambulatory peritcornoeal dialysis (CAPD) to determine a PSP that would provide a minimum of 6 L of creatinine clearance daily. Main Outcome Measures Patients were followed for 6 months to assess the ability of this approach of maintaining acceptable levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, albumin, and hematocrit over the 6–month period of observation. Results Our study of 26 patients revealed that only 6 patients (23%) could be treated with the standard prescription of 8 L/day on CAPD. The remaining 77% of our patients required 9–13 L/day for CAPD and 12–21 L/day for CCPD. All patients were free of uremic symptoms and demonstrated acceptable biochemical parameters over a 3–6 month period of observation. Conclusions A patient-specific protocol utilizing individually derived PET data provides an acceptable and easy to calculate initial treatment prescription for each patient that avoids the necessity for trial and error that has heretofore been employed.

scholarly journals Estimating patient-specific treatment advantages in the ‘Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study’

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Simon Foster ◽  
Meichun Mohler-Kuo ◽  
Lynette Tay ◽  
Torsten Hothorn ◽  
Heidi Seibold
Keyword(s):  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Patient Specific
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