Analytical Techniques for Taking into Account Several Aspects of a Designed Systems: Case Study of Computation-Communication Tradeoff

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Griselda Acosta ◽  
Eric Smith ◽  
Vladik Kreinovich
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques

Metal-Organic Frameworks vs. Buffers: Case Study of UiO-66 Stability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Bůžek ◽  
Slavomír Adamec ◽  
Kamil Lang ◽  
Jan Demel
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Aqueous Dispersions ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Metal Organic

<div><p>UiO-66 is a zirconium-based metal-organic framework (MOF) that has numerous applications. Our group recently determined that UiO-66 is not as inert in aqueous dispersions as previously reported in the literature. The present work therefore assessed the behaviour of UiO-66 in buffers: 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol (TRIS), 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethane sulfonic acid (HEPES), N-ethylmorpholine (NEM) and phosphate buffer (PB), all of which are commonly used in many UiO-66 applications. High pressure liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were used to monitor degradation of the MOF. In each buffer, the terephthalate linker was released to some extent, with a more pronounced leaching effect in the saline forms of these buffers. The HEPES buffer was found to be the most benign, whereas NEM and PB should be avoided at any concentration as they were shown to rapidly degrade the UiO-66 framework. Low concentration TRIS buffers are also recommended, although these offer minimal buffer capacity to adjust pH. Regardless of the buffer used, rapid terephthalate release was observed, indicating that the UiO-66 was attacked immediately after mixing with the buffer. In addition, the dissolution of zirconium, observed in some cases, intensified the UiO-66 decomposition process. These results demonstrate that sensitive analytical techniques have to be used to monitor the release of MOF components so as to quantify the stabilities of these materials in liquid environments.</p></div>

scholarly journals Food Bioactive Compounds and Emerging Techniques for Their Extraction: Polyphenols as a Case Study

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
José S. Câmara ◽  
Bianca R. Albuquerque ◽  
Joselin Aguiar ◽  
Rúbia C. G. Corrêa ◽  
João L. Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Biological Impact ◽  
Preventive Effects

Experimental studies have provided convincing evidence that food bioactive compounds (FBCs) have a positive biological impact on human health, exerting protective effects against non-communicable diseases (NCD) including cancer and cardiovascular (CVDs), metabolic, and neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). These benefits have been associated with the presence of secondary metabolites, namely polyphenols, glucosinolates, carotenoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, vitamins, and fibres, among others, derived from their antioxidant, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antithrombotic, cardioprotective, and vasodilator properties. Polyphenols as one of the most abundant classes of bioactive compounds present in plant-based foods emerge as a promising approach for the development of efficacious preventive agents against NCDs with reduced side effects. The aim of this review is to present comprehensive and deep insights into the potential of polyphenols, from their chemical structure classification and biosynthesis to preventive effects on NCDs, namely cancer, CVDs, and NDDS. The challenge of polyphenols bioavailability and bioaccessibility will be explored in addition to useful industrial and environmental applications. Advanced and emerging extraction techniques will be highlighted and the high-resolution analytical techniques used for FBCs characterization, identification, and quantification will be considered.

Developing Biological Endpoints for Defining Virtual Elimination: a Case Study for PCDDs and PCDFs

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-422
Author(s):  
M.R. Servos ◽  
J.L. Parrott ◽  
J.P. Sherry ◽  
S.B. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Considerable Debate ◽  
Mixed Function Oxygenase

Abstract Defining virtual elimination has created considerable debate. A traditional approach has been to use chemically defined detection limits or levels of quantification that are determined using the best currently available methodologies. Ever increasing improvements in analytical techniques could lead to corresponding pressure to reduce the targets for virtual elimination. The current Toxic Substances Management Policy in Canada recognizes this and clearly states that it is not the intent of virtual elimination to have a moving target or to chase down the last molecule of the chemical of concern. Although it may be possible to reduce a chemical to less than some extremely sensitive detection limit, the chemical may or may not exert biological effects at that level. The chemically defined detection limits may be much lower than background levels in the environment, making it an unrealistic target. Conversely biological responses may result from trace levels of a compound that are not detectable in effluents or selected compartments of the environment (i.e., water) using current chemical techniques. Alternatively, an effect-based approach can establish biologically meaningful endpoints to defining virtual elimination. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are used in this study as an example to evaluate the advantages and limitations of several possible approaches of using biological endpoints to determine the presence of these compounds in the environment and ultimately define virtual elimination. A review of the biological responses to PCDD/PCDFs is included to demonstrate the importance of selecting appropriate biological endpoints. Mixed function oxygenase (MFO) induction, although not recommended at this point, is used as an example of a possible sensitive endpoint that could potentially be used to detect exposure of biota to these chemicals. Three different approaches are explored: (1) measuring MFO induction in a sentinel species in the environment; (2) testing environmental extracts for MFO induction in cell lines; and (3) using biological endpoints (MFO induction) to define chemical targets for virtual elimination. While the use of biological end-points is the most desirable approach to defining virtual elimination, there are significant knowledge gaps which limit our selection and application of this approach.

Kaizen event approach: a case study in the packaging industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1343-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Vo ◽  
Elif Kongar ◽  
Manuel F. Suárez Barraza
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Employee Participation ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Performance Measurements ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Kaizen Events ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, a case study on the application of lean production principles in a manufacturing facility is presented to demonstrate the impact of frequent and systematic use of a Kaizen event on quality and delivery performance. Second, the detailed description and analysis of the Kaizen event and its impact are provided, including a comprehensive analysis of the role of Kaizen events on employee participation and motivation. Design/methodology/approach The study utilizes a Kaizen event’s case study data with the help of various waste detection and elimination tools and techniques. Changes in overall productivity along with potential long-term improvements in the delivery process are also analyzed and documented. Findings Pre- and post-quality measures are provided to demonstrate the results of the event on the production quality and on the performance of the overall manufacturing processes. Qualitative findings regarding performance measurements and the impact on the employees are reported. Research limitations/implications The Kaizen team applied analytical techniques to one manufacturing site in North America of a company that has a manufacturing presence in 20 different countries. Originality/value Kaizen studies involving packaging operations are quite limited. This study fills this gap by detailing the Kaizen event implementation in a packaging delivery and dispensing systems manufacturer for the cosmetic industry. The implementation of this Kaizen event is detailed along with the data and techniques utilized for process improvement. The study also reports findings regarding the impact of the Kaizen event on employee participation.

scholarly journals High Throughput Screening and Characterization Methods of Jordanian Oil Shale as a Case Study

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 3148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziad Abu El-Rub ◽  
Joanna Kujawa ◽  
Esra’a Albarahmieh ◽  
Nafisah Al-Rifai ◽  
Fathieh Qaimari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydrogen Mass

Oil shale is an important possible solution to the problem of energy in Jordan. To explore the technical and the economic feasibility of oil shale deposits, numerous samples are analyzed using the standard Fischer Assay (FA) method. However, it would be useful to develop faster, cheaper, and reliable methods for determining the oil content of oil shale. Therefore, the aim of this work was to propose and investigate rapid analytical techniques for the screening of oil shale deposits and to correlate them with the FA method. The Omari deposit located east of Jordan was selected as a case study for analysis using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled with Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), elemental analysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Results obtained from the TGA method were linearly correlated with FA with high regression factor (R2 = 0.99); a quadratic correlation (R2 = 0.98) was maintained between the FA and the elemental hydrogen mass content, and a quadratic correlation (R2 = 0.97) was found between the FA and the aliphatic hydrocarbons (FTIR peak at 2927 cm−1) produced in the pyrolysis zone. Although other techniques were less correlated, further investigation might lead to better results. Subsequently, these correlated techniques can be a practical alternative to the conventional FA method when, in particular, specific correlation is made for each deposit.

New media vs. old media: A portrait of the Drudge Report 2002-2008

First Monday ◽  
2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalev Leetaru
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Web Site ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Ideal Case ◽  
Small Stories ◽  
The U.S

The Drudge Report is one of the founding flag bearers of the “new media”: a U.S.-based news aggregator founded in the late 1990’s that has developed a reputation for breaking tomorrow’s news today. The site has become a powerful force in the U.S. media sphere and its founder was named one of Time Magazine’s most influential people in 2006. In existence for more than a decade, the Drudge Report makes an ideal case study for examining the “new media versus old media” argument. How dependent is such a “new media” aggregator on the “old media” it draws from, and how does it find the breaking stories it has built its reputation on? A cross-section of analytical techniques is used to demonstrate how to profile a news Web site, and finds that the Drudge Report relies heavily on wire services and obscure news outlets to find the small stories that will break large tomorrow and is highly dependant on the mainstream “old media” sites it draws from.

A case study: characterisation of blue panels of the xvi century with micro-analytical techniques

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Princi ◽  
Silvia Vicini ◽  
Maria Maddalena Carnasciali ◽  
Marzia Cataldi Gallo ◽  
Riccardo Innocenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques

scholarly journals The use of spatial analytical techniques to explore patterns of fire incidence: A South Wales case study

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 623-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Corcoran ◽  
Gary Higgs ◽  
Chris Brunsdon ◽  
Andrew Ware ◽  
Paul Norman
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Fire Incidence

Geostatistical analyses of iron in shallow groundwater and their application for establishing an environmental baseline: a case study

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linhua Sun ◽  
Herong Gui ◽  
Weihua Peng
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Cluster Analyses ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Anthropogenic Contributions ◽  
Spatial Outliers ◽  
Iron Concentrations

Knowledge of the environmental background and a baseline are important for local environmental studies and management. In this study, seventy groundwater samples taken near the city of Suzhou, northern Anhui Province, China have been measured for their iron concentrations, and the results processed by geostatistical analytical techniques (including semi-variance, spatial autocorrelation and cluster analyses). The results indicate that the quality of these groundwater samples is relatively good, and all can be classified as class one according to their iron concentrations and the groundwater quality in China. The spatial distribution of iron concentrations shows that they increase from north to south in the area. The semi-variance, spatial autocorrelation and cluster analyses suggest that iron concentrations in the shallow groundwater were affected by combined natural and anthropogenic contributions. After removing the spatial outliers, the environmental baseline of iron in the shallow groundwater in the study area is established as being 0–28.5 μg/l.

scholarly journals A Foreign Sound to Your Ear

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Rings
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Schema Theory ◽  
Moving Target ◽  
Spectrographic Analysis ◽  
Methodological Pluralism ◽  
Music Making ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Insight Into

This article presents a “longitudinal” study of Bob Dylan’s performances of the song “It’s Alright, Ma (I’m Only Bleeding)” over a 45-year period, from 1964 until 2009. The song makes for a vivid case study in Dylanesque reinvention: over nearly 800 performances, Dylan has played it solo and with a band (acoustic and electric); in five different keys; in diverse meters and tempos; and in arrangements that index a dizzying array of genres (folk, blues, country, rockabilly, soul, arena rock, etc.). This is to say nothing of the countless performative inflections in each evening’s rendering, especially in Dylan’s singing, which varies widely as regards phrasing, rhythm, pitch, articulation, and timbre. How can music theorists engage analytically with such a moving target, and what insights into Dylan’s music and its meanings might such a study reveal? The present article proposes one set of answers to these questions. First, by deploying a range of analytical techniques—from spectrographic analysis to schema theory—it demonstrates that the analytical challenges raised by Dylan’s performances are not as insurmountable as they might at first appear, especially when approached with a strategic and flexible methodological pluralism. Second, the article shows that such analytical engagement can lend new insight into an array of broader theoretical questions, especially those concerning the refractory relationship between song and performance in Dylan’s practice. Finally, the paper illustrates that a close, analytical attentiveness to the sonic particulars of Dylan’s live performances can open our ears to the cacophony of musical pasts that animate his music making.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document