Africa’s Current Path

Current Path ◽

Key Characteristics ◽

Commission Report ◽

Development Goals ◽

Brundtland Commission ◽

Structural Adjustment Programmes ◽

The Impact ◽

Poverty Levels

AbstractCilliers provides a summary and analysis of Africa’s development history since the 1980s including the impact of the Brundtland Commission report that culminated in the Millennium Development Goals and, in 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals. Other key matters covered in the chapter are the impact of the various structural adjustment programmes, Africa’s growing dependence upon commodities, the continents rapid democratisation and slow pace of urbanisation. The chapter concludes with a summary of key characteristics of Africa’s likely future—the Current Path forecast to 2040—that includes a forecast of economic size, demographics, income and poverty levels. The chapter serves as essential backdrop to the struggle for development that is examined across different sectors in subsequent chapters.

Poverty, Inequality and Growth

The Future of Africa ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-46590-2_7 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 147-168

Author(s):

Jakkie Cilliers

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Historical Context ◽

Extreme Poverty ◽

Current Path ◽

Development Goals ◽

Social Grants ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

AbstractCilliers first explores the progress that has been made globally in poverty reduction in a historical context and then the relationship between inequality and growth. He concludes that Africa will miss goal 1 of the Sustainable Development Goals on the elimination of extreme poverty by 2030 by a substantial margin. The chapter uses three income measures of extreme poverty for low, lower-middle and upper-middle countries to frame the current situation in Africa and then discusses and forecasts the impact of social grants on poverty alleviation. A final section presents the results of a scenario, Social Grants for Africa, and compares the results with the poverty forecast in the Current Path.

Internal and External Liberalization, Inequality, Growth, and Poverty

The Macroeconomics of Developing Countries ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198856672.003.0017 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 328-363

Author(s):

Giovanni Andrea Cornia

Keyword(s):

Income Inequality ◽

General Framework ◽

Structural Adjustment ◽

Developed Countries ◽

General Assembly ◽

United Nations General ◽

Development Goals ◽

United Nations General Assembly ◽

This chapter presents a general framework to analyse the impact on inequality, growth, and poverty of the internal and external structural adjustment reforms introduced in a large number of the developing, transitional, and developed countries over the last three decades. It then discusses the main theories of the relation between inequality and growth and shows that the achievement of given poverty targets is influenced favourably by a decline of income inequality. This debate has acquired considerable relevance with the adoption in 2015 by the United Nations General Assembly of the Sustainable Development Goals strategy that focuses—inter alia—on eradicating poverty by 2030 and reducing income inequality to tolerable levels.

Macroeconomic Policies and their Impact on Poverty Alleviation in Pakistan

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v36i1pp.39-68 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 39-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Rashid Amjad ◽

A. R. Kemal

Keyword(s):

Social Services ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Poverty Alleviation ◽

Structural Adjustment ◽

Threshold Level ◽

Macroeconomic Policies ◽

Agriculture Sector ◽

Structural Adjustment Programmes ◽

The Impact ◽

Poverty Levels

The paper provides a consistent time-series of poverty estimates for the period 1963- 64 to 1992-93 for both the rural as well as the urban areas, examines the influence of macroeconomic policies on the poverty levels, analyses the impact of Structural Adjustment Programmes on the levels of poverty, and suggests a strategy for poverty alleviation in Pakistan. The paper explores in particular the influence on poverty of such factors as economic growth, agricultural growth, terms of trade for the agriculture sector, industrial production, rate of inflation, employment, wages, remittances, and the tax structure. While the paper cautions that on account of the limited number of observations the results of the study should be interpreted cautiously, the study does suggest that the growth above a threshold level of about 5 percent, increase in employment, and remittances are the most important variables explaining the change in poverty over time. The paper also comes to the conclusion that the policies pursued under the Structural Adjustment Programme have tended to increase the poverty levels mainly because of decline in growth rates, withdrawal of subsidies on agricultural inputs and consumption, decline in employment, increase in indirect taxes, and decline in public expenditure on social services. The paper also outlines a strategy for poverty eradication and argues that besides the safety nets, the employment programmes, as well as promotion of informal sector enterprises, are essential.

Financial Institutions’ Risk Profile and Contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13147738 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 7738

Author(s):

Nicolás Gambetta ◽

Fernando Azcárate-Llanes ◽

Laura Sierra-García ◽

María Antonia García-Benau

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Financial Institutions ◽

Sustainability Reporting ◽

Risk Profile ◽

Corporate Reporting ◽

2030 Agenda ◽

Development Goals ◽

This study analyses the impact of Spanish financial institutions’ risk profile on their contribution to the 2030 Agenda. Financial institutions play a significant role in ensuring financial inclusion and sustainable economic growth and usually incorporate environmental and social considerations into their risk management systems. The results show that financial institutions with less capital risk, with lower management efficiency and with higher market risk usually make higher contributions to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), according to their sustainability reports. The novel aspect of the present study is that it identifies the risk profile of financial institutions that incorporate sustainability into their business operations and measure the impact generated in the environment and in society. The study findings have important implications for shareholders, investors and analysts, according to the view that sustainability reporting is a vehicle that financial institutions use to express their commitment to the 2030 Agenda and to higher quality corporate reporting.

THE ROLE OF HARMONIZATION OF ACTIVITIES TO IMPROVE THE RATING OF RUSSIA IN THE INTERNATIONAL STATISTICAL COMPARISONS IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND ICT

Электросвязь ◽

10.34832/elsv.2020.7.6.008 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Н.П. РЕЗНИКОВА ◽

Г.С. АРТЕМЬЕВА ◽

Д.В. КАЛЮГА

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

International Telecommunication Union ◽

International Telecommunication ◽

Development Goals ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Ict Development ◽

Представлены основные направления для поиска путей улучшения рейтинга Российской Федерации в международных статистических сопоставлениях в сфере электросвязи/ИКТ с учетом необходимости гармонизации разнообразных направлений деятельности, связанных с оценкой влияния электросвязи/ИКТ на достижение Целей устойчивого развития, а также с появлением Нового индекса Международного союза электросвязи (МСЭ) взамен Индекса развития ИКТ(IDI). OThe main directions for finding ways to improve the rating of the Russian Federation in international statistical comparisons in the field of telecommunications/ICT are presented, taking into account the need to harmonize various activities related to assessing the impact of telecommunications/ICTs on achieving the sustainable development goals, as well as the advent of the new International Telecommunication Union Index instead of the ICT Development Index (IDI).

Child development and disability

Oxford Textbook of Global Health of Women, Newborns, Children, and Adolescents ◽

10.1093/med/9780198794684.003.0038 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 195-199

Author(s):

Richard Rosch ◽

Michelle Heys ◽

Hannah Kuper

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Global Health ◽

Developmental Outcomes ◽

Intervention Strategies ◽

Childhood Development ◽

Developmental Potential ◽

Development Goals ◽

Worldwide, many children do not meet their developmental potential. This is particularly the case in LMICs and especially affects children living with disability. Thus, improving developmental attainment and reducing the impact of disability has now become an integral part of many of the sustainable development goals. This chapter introduces several tools currently available to measure both childhood development, and the effects of disability. Using examples from current research in global health this chapter introduces both known effective intervention strategies that improve developmental outcomes, and highlights challenges and future priorities for further research. These points are further illustrated using epilepsy as a case study, highlighting how the interaction of biomedical, psychosocial, and socioeconomic factors impacts on childhood development.

Regulation of land relations: the regulatory aspect in terms of modern legislative changes

Ekonomika APK ◽

10.32317/2221-1055.202106089 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 320 (6) ◽

pp. 89-100

Author(s):

Ihor Sabii

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Rural Development ◽

Land Management ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Sustainable Rural Development ◽

Land Relations ◽

Development Goals ◽

The purpose of the article is to assess the impact of existing legislative initiatives in the field of agricultural land turnover on the possibility of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in Ukraine and the implementation of land management based on an inclusive model of sustainable rural development. Research methods. The following methods were used: dialectical methods of cognition of processes and phenomena; empirical method (based on a comprehensive assessment of the current state of regulation of land relations in agriculture); comparative analysis method; abstract-logical (theoretical generalizations and formulation of conclusions). Research results. Established in the process of analysis of laws and bills on land reform and regulation of market circulation of agricultural land, adopted and registered in the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine during 2020 - the first half of 2021, their impact on the level of viability and competitiveness of individuals, farmers, family farms, small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises in the new legal and economic conditions. Scientific novelty. The influence of individual legislative initiatives in the field of agricultural land turnover on the possibility of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in Ukraine and the introduction of land management based on an inclusive model of sustainable rural development has been determined. Practical significance. The calculation of the amount of the minimum tax liability (MTL) for each region of Ukraine, taking into account the normative monetary value of the arable land, was carried out and its impact on the economic situation of small and medium-sized agricultural producers was assessed. Figs.: 6. Refs.: 38.

The contribution of tourism towards a more sustainable and inclusive society: key guiding principles in times of crisis

Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes ◽

10.1108/whatt-07-2020-0065 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 679-689

Author(s):

Carla Cardoso

Keyword(s):

Business Practices ◽

International Organisations ◽

Content Type ◽

Development Goals ◽

Guiding Principles ◽

Inclusive Society ◽

The Impact ◽

Practical Implications

Purpose At a time when tourism is embarking on the path to recovery from the COVID-19 crisis, this paper aims to put forward a set of principles guiding the development of tourism to enable global society to become more inclusive and sustainable. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopted a descriptive design using views and data mainly published by 11 international organisations and specialised agencies between March and mid-June 2020. Content analysis was carried out to enable the research to identify features and the presence of challenges for tourism within international organisations’ documents and leaders’ speeches to compare them. Findings The results revealed that there are five key principles that may have a significant impact on tourism development, suggesting that these could be adopted for building a more inclusive and sustainable economy, while mitigating the impact of the COVID-19 crisis. Practical implications Adopting the five key principles recommended in this paper can help tourism to emerge stronger and in a more sustainable way from COVID-19 or other future crises. Equally, this can incite changes in policies, business practices and consumers’ and locals’ behaviours with a view to building a truly sustainable sector. Originality/value This study helps to reconfirm existing knowledge in the COVID-19 context by highlighting five guiding principles that can help tourism players to respond to this crisis disruption and future ones via transformative innovation. In doing so, these will also be contributing to the achievement of the ideals and aims of the Sustainable Development Goals.

How accurate are modelled birth and pregnancy estimates? Comparison of four models using high resolution maternal health census data in southern Mozambique

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000894 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (Suppl 5) ◽

pp. e000894

Author(s):

Yolisa Prudence Dube ◽

Corrine Warren Ruktanonchai ◽

Charfudin Sacoor ◽

Andrew J Tatem ◽

Khatia Munguambe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Resolution ◽

Input Data ◽

Census Data ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Perinatal Health ◽

Prediction Errors ◽

Administrative Unit ◽

Development Goals ◽

BackgroundExistence of inequalities in quality and access to healthcare services at subnational levels has been identified despite a decline in maternal and perinatal mortality rates at national levels, leading to the need to investigate such conditions using geographical analysis. The need to assess the accuracy of global demographic distribution datasets at all subnational levels arises from the current emphasis on subnational monitoring of maternal and perinatal health progress, by the new targets stated in the Sustainable Development Goals.MethodsThe analysis involved comparison of four models generated using Worldpop methods, incorporating region-specific input data, as measured through the Community Level Intervention for Pre-eclampsia (CLIP) project. Normalised root mean square error was used to determine and compare the models’ prediction errors at different administrative unit levels.ResultsThe models’ prediction errors are lower at higher administrative unit levels. All datasets showed the same pattern for both the live birth and pregnancy estimates. The effect of improving spatial resolution and accuracy of input data was more prominent at higher administrative unit levels.ConclusionThe validation successfully highlighted the impact of spatial resolution and accuracy of maternal and perinatal health data in modelling estimates of pregnancies and live births. There is a need for more data collection techniques that conduct comprehensive censuses like the CLIP project. It is also imperative for such projects to take advantage of the power of mapping tools at their disposal to fill the gaps in the availability of datasets for populated areas.

Exploring the impact of economic and sociopolitical development on people’s health and well-being: A case study of the Karanga people in Masvingo, Zimbabwe

HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies ◽

10.4102/hts.v72i4.3491 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Sophia Chirongoma

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Well Being ◽

Faith Healing ◽

Sociopolitical Development ◽

Western Development ◽

Development Goals ◽

The Impact ◽

Health And Well Being

Through an exploration of the collapse of the Zimbabwean health delivery systems during the period 2000–2010, this article examines the Karanga people’s indigenous responses to utano (health and well-being). The first section explores the impact of Zimbabwe’s economic and sociopolitical development on people’s health and well-being. The next section foregrounds the ‘agency’ of the Karanga community in accessing and facilitating health care, especially their utilisation of multiple healthcare providers as well as providing health care through indigenous remedies such as traditional medicine and faith-healing. In line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 3 which aspires to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages, the concluding section offers insights for developing an indigenous Karanga theology of utano utilising communal resources and illustrating that the concept of ‘development’ should not be confined to rigid Western development perspectives.