Facing Change: Understanding Transitions of River Basin Policies Over Time

2020 ◽  
pp. 213-240
Author(s):  
Naho Mirumachi ◽  
Dave D. White ◽  
Richard T. Kingsford
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Soil Development as a Function of Time in the Rouge River Basin, South-Central Ontario

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Mahaney ◽  
Kalmia Sanmugadas
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Soil Thickness ◽  
South Central ◽  
Rouge River ◽  
Extractable Iron ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Changes In Soil Properties

ABSTRACT Three soils of postglacial age, representing a chronosequence in the Rouge River Basin of south-central Ontario, were studied to determine variations in morphological, physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties. These soils, forming in alluvium of mixed mineralogy represent the Late HoIocene (Entisol), Middle Holocene (lnceptisol),and Early Holocene (lnceptisol) surfaces. Horizon differentiation and soil thickness increase with greater age, while pH drops slightly in the sola of the older profiles. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) and organic matter in the surface horizons increases slightly with age, while, for the most part, CaCO3 and Ca/ Mg ratio decrease. Significant changes occur over time, especially with an increase of dithionite-extractable iron with age (from ~ 0.20 in the Late Holocene soil to ~ 0.70 in the Middle to Early Holocene profiles). Illite and illite-smectite tend to decrease with age, being replaced by small amounts of chlorite and vermiculite. In spite of some variability in parent materials due to stratification and preweathering, and minor changes in species composition, the changes in soil properties are attributed to processes of soil formation acting over time.

Patterns of change over time in darter (Teleostei: Percidae) assemblages of the Arkansas River basin, northeastern Oklahoma, USA

Ecography ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 855-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Gillette ◽  
Allison M. Fortner ◽  
Nathan R. Franssen ◽  
Sara Cartwright ◽  
Courtney M. Tobler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Arkansas River ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Trends in the Distribution and Abundance of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout and Nonnative Trout in Idaho

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Meyer ◽  
Erin I. Larson ◽  
Christopher L. Sullivan ◽  
Brett High
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Snake River ◽  
Trout Population ◽  
Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The distribution and abundance of Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri across their native range is relatively well-known, but evaluations of trends in distribution and abundance over time are lacking. In 2010–2011, we resurveyed 74 stream reaches in the upper Snake River basin of Idaho that were sampled in the 1980s and again in 1999–2000 to evaluate changes in the distribution and abundance of Yellowstone cutthroat trout and nonnative trout over time. Yellowstone cutthroat trout occupied all 74 reaches in the 1980s, 70 reaches in 1999–2000, and 69 reaches in 2010–2011. In comparison, rainbow trout O. mykiss and rainbow × cutthroat hybrid occupancy increased from 23 reaches in the 1980s to 36 reaches in 1999–2000, and then declined back to 23 reaches in 2010–2011. The proportion of reaches occupied by brown trout Salmo trutta and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis was largely unchanged across time periods. Yellowstone cutthroat trout abundance declined from a mean of 40.0 fish/100 linear meters of stream in the 1980s to 32.8 fish/100 m in 2010–2011. In contrast, estimates of abundance increased over time for all species of nonnative trout. Population growth rate (λ) was therefore below replacement for Yellowstone cutthroat trout (mean  =  0.98) and above replacement for rainbow trout (1.07), brown trout (1.08), and brook trout (1.04), but 90% confidence intervals overlapped unity for all species. However, λ differed statistically from 1.00 within some individual drainages for each species. More pronounced drought conditions in any given year resulted in lower Yellowstone cutthroat trout abundance 1 y later. Our results suggest that over a span of up to 32 y, the distribution and abundance of Yellowstone cutthroat trout in the upper Snake River basin of Idaho appears to be relatively stable, and nonnative trout do not currently appear to be expanding across the basin.

Community and infracommunities of metazoan parasites in Hemiodus unimaculatus (Hemiodontidae) from Jari River basin, a tributary of Amazon River (Brazil)

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Odonei Moia Almeida ◽  
Marcos Sidney Brito Oliveira ◽  
Marcos Tavares-Dias
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Amazon River ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Random Dispersion ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Parasites are an important part of biodiversity, and knowledge of species and their relationship with their hosts helps in monitoring an ecosystem over time. The aim of this study was to investigate the fauna of metazoan parasites in Hemiodus unimaculatus from the Jari River, in the eastern Amazon region, northern Brazil. Of the fish examined, 96.7% were parasitized by one or more species, and a total of 336 parasites such as Dactylogyridae gen. sp.1, Dactylogyridae gen. sp.2, Dactylogyridae gen. sp.3, Dactylogyridae gen. sp.4, Gyrodactilydae gen. sp., Urocleidoides sp.1, Urocleidoides sp.2, Urocleidoides sp.3, metacercariae of Digenea gen. sp., Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, Contracaecum sp., Neoechinorhynchus sp. and Acarina gen. sp. The parasite community showed low Brillouin diversity (0.58 ± 0.29), low evenness (0.44 ± 0.21) and low species richness (7.40 ± 3.83). There was a predominance of ectoparasites, mainly monogeneans and digeneans. The parasites showed an aggregate dispersion, except for P. (S.) inopinatus, which had a random dispersion. The size of the hosts had no effect on diversity, species richness and abundance of parasites, but other factors structured the parasite community. This is the first study on the parasite community and infracommunities in H. unimaculatus.

scholarly journals Assessing Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities on Streamflow and Sediment Discharge in the Ganjiang River Basin (1964–2013)

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo ◽  
Mu ◽  
Hu ◽  
Gao ◽  
Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Jiangxi Province ◽  
Sediment Discharge ◽  
Change Environment ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Ganjiang River Basin

National large-scale soil and water conservation controls on the Gangjiang River basin have been documented, but the effect of governance on regional watershed hydrology and how the main driving factors act have not been systematically studied yet. To do this, this study evaluated changing trends and detected transition years for both streamflow and sediment discharge using long-term historical records at seven hydrological stations in the Ganjiang River basin over the past 50 years. The double mass curve (DMC) method was used to quantify the effects of both climate change and human activities on hydrological regime shifts. The results showed that the distributions of precipitation, streamflow, and sediment discharge within a year are extremely uneven and mainly concentrated in the flood season of Jiangxi Province. None of the stations showed significant trends over time for either annual precipitation or streamflow, while the annual sediment discharge at most stations decreased significantly over time. The estimation of sediment discharge via DMC indicated that after the transition years, there were rapid reductions in sediment discharge at all hydrological stations, and the average decline degree of midstream and downstream were much larger than that of upstream. Human activities, especially the increase of vegetation cover and construction of large and medium-sized reservoirs, provided a significantly greater contribution to the reduction of sediment discharge than did precipitation changes. As a case study of river evolution under global change environment, this study could provide scientific basis for the control of soil erosion and the management of water resources in Ganjiang River, as well as for the related research of Poyang Lake and the Yangtze River basin of China.

CHALLENGES OF THE FARS NEOLITHIC CHRONOLOGY: AN APPRAISAL

Radiocarbon ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Morteza Khanipour ◽  
Kamalaldin Niknami ◽  
Masashi Abe
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Southwest Asia ◽  
The Past ◽  
Northern Half ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT Over the past few decades, several excavations that have been performed in the Fars Neolithic sites have resulted in the presentation of different chronologies for the region. Most of the research in Fars centered on the Kur River Basin (KRB). Fars has always had a different environment for the formation of different cultures over time, therefore, in order to reach a better understanding of the prehistoric cultures of the region it is necessary to make a brief review of the geographical zones of the plains and valleys of Fars province. Taking into account the existence of several questions and ambiguities regarding Neolithic Fars, the Hormangan site, located in the Bavant River Basin, was excavated. During the excavation, two settlement phases were identified that contained cultural materials relatively comparable to Tol-e Mushki, Tol-e Jari B, Kushk Hezar, and Rahmat Abad sequences. The goal of this paper is to explore the absolute chronology of the Hormangan site as well as other Neolithic sites located in the northern half of the Fars region with a special reference to the local cultural and technological sides of different Neolithic sites throughout the region. Bearing in mind the similarities of Bashi materials with Hormangan, Rahmat Abad, and Mushki regions and the absolute chronology of these regions, consideration of Bashi phase does not seem logical. Therefore, by comparing the cultural materials and absolute chronology done in other regions, a sequence chronology including Rahmat Abad (7500–7000 BC), formative Mushki (7000–6400 BC), Mushki (6400–6000 BC), Jari (6000–5600 BC), and Shams Abad (5600–5200 BC) for the Neolithic period of Fars can be presented. According to the excavation of Rahmatabad and Tal-e Sangi, it seems that Fars was inhabited in the middle of the 8th millennium BC and the Neolithic package entered this area, and there is no evidence of the Neolithization process. In the past, the Mushaki period was introduced as the oldest pottery Neolithic period, but with new excavations, it seems that the use of pottery had become common in Fars, as in many parts of Southwest Asia, around 7000 BC.

Pangani River Basin over time and space: On the interface of local and basin level responses

2011 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 1740-1751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Komakech ◽  
Barbara van Koppen ◽  
Henry Mahoo ◽  
Pieter van der Zaag
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Over Time

Hydro-hegemony in the context of the Orange River Basin

Water Policy ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (S2) ◽  
pp. 51-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Turton ◽  
Nikki Funke
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cold War ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Real World ◽  
Mutual Benefit ◽  
The Real ◽  
Regional Setting ◽  
Simplistic Notion ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Over Time

Hydro-hegemony is about power, usually expressed as a problem. In the real world we find that the concept of power is far more nuanced than this simplistic notion would allow us to understand. South Africa is clearly a regional hegemon in the context of the Orange River Basin, but it has used that power to create a stable basin-wide regime to the mutual benefit of all riparian states. This has been done over time when the regional setting was one of hostile military-styled confrontation as a local theatre of the Cold War. South Africa is an example of a plus-sum hydro-hegemon. Power is thus highly nuanced and needs to be analysed as such if that analysis is to be meaningful at a higher level of generalization. A counter theory is offered in the form of a Hydropolitical Complex in which different forms of power can be deployed to reach an outcome that is mutually beneficial to all riparian states. This paper analyses the Orange River basin as a Pivotal Basin in the Southern African Hydropolitical Complex and illustrates that power can be a solution as well.

scholarly journals The Analysis of the Flash Flood Produced During 02–04.06.2016 in the Trotuș River Basin (Romania)

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreea-Violeta Manolache
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Hydrological Data ◽  
Great Magnitude ◽  
Maximum Flows ◽  
Basin Area ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This paper concentrates information on the flash flood produced during 02-04.06.2016 in the Trotuş River basin. Maximum flows have been analyzed by reference to the thresholds corresponding to the Defense Levels. In order to show in a suggestive way the amplitude of the event, the characteristics of the flood were highlighted as well as a series of morphometric and hydrological data on the maximum flow of the Trotuș River. The hydrometric stations in the basin area, to which reference was made, were: Lunca de Sus, Goioasa, Tg. Ocna, Onești and Vrânceni. The flow series were represented graphically to be able to easily observe the evolution of the flood over time. The analysis showed that the flood produced on the Trotuș River had a great magnitude causing significant damages.

scholarly journals Current distribution of the invasive mollusk Corbicula fluminea (O.F. Müller, 1774) (Bivalvia, Cyrenidae) in Brazil, including a new record from the state of Piauí

Check List ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
Manuella Feitosa Leal ◽  
Luiz Ricardo Lopes de Simone ◽  
Ana Carolina Figueiredo Lacerda ◽  
Edson Lourenço da Silva ◽  
Tamaris Gimenez Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Current Distribution ◽  
New Record ◽  
Corbicula Fluminea ◽  
Federal District ◽  
First Record ◽  
The State ◽  
Expansion Process ◽  
The World ◽  
Over Time

Corbicula fluminea is an invasive clam originally from Asia that threatens the biodiversity of freshwater communities around the world. It has greatly expanded in Brazil since its first record. We report here the occurrence of C. fluminea from Piauí state, Parnaíba river basin and, provide an assessment of its current distribution in Brazil. The compiled data include 382 records in 22 states and the Federal District, encompassing a variety of ecosystems. These results contribute to a discussion about the invasion and expansion process of C. fluminea in Brazil over time.

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