scholarly journals Rethinking the Socio-economic Value of Big Science: Lessons from the FCC Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Johannes Gutleber
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Big Science ◽  
Scientific Mission ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Socio Economic Impact ◽  
Market Needs ◽  
New Research

Abstract Investing in fundamental research is often considered a risky venture. The costs of designing, developing and building new research instruments, the long timelines for the construction and operation of these infrastructures and the sophistication of the enabling technologies—often calling for further R&D investments to meet the market needs—are among the factors that enter into the debate around the investment in fundamental research. In this brief essay we discuss certain results from previous Cost-Benefit Analysis studies for the LHC and the High-Luminosity (HL-LHC)  upgrade and lessons concerning the socio-economic impact that these facilities have beyond the core scientific mission. We conclude with some key considerations that can inform the design of a new research infrastructure for the post-LHC era like the proposed Future Circular Collider and point to certain directions for future interdisciplinary research to better understand ways for impact assessment.

scholarly journals Cost–Benefit Analysis of Municipal Sludge as a Low-Grade Nutrient Source: A Case Study from South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9950
Author(s):  
Eyob Habte Tesfamariam ◽  
Zekarias Mihreteab Ogbazghi ◽  
John George Annandale ◽  
Yemane Gebrehiwot
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Bench Mark ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Municipal Sludge ◽  
Humid Zone

Municipal sludge has economic value as a low-grade fertilizer as it consists of appreciable amounts of the macro and micronutrients. When using sludge as fertilizer, the economic aspect should be taken into account. In this study, the following specific objectives were identified: (a) to investigate the economic feasibility of using sludge as a fertilizer; (b) to estimate the maximum economic distance sludge can be transported as a fertilizer; and (c) to test the economic feasibility of selling sludge using commercial inorganic fertilizer as a bench mark. The study showed that for anaerobically digested, paddy dried, municipal sludge consisting of 3% N, 2% P, and 0.3% K the economic feasibility of transporting the sludge was limited to a diameter of 20 km in the arid zone, 28 km in the semi-arid zone, 51 km in the sub humid zone, 66 km in the humid zone, and 75 km in the super-humid zone. Therefore, the economic feasibility of using sludge as a substitute for or complementary to commercial inorganic fertilizer is dictated by the distance between the wastewater care work and the farm, sludge nutrient concentration, agro-ecological zone (rain and temperature), and the real-time commercial inorganic fertilizer price.

scholarly journals The Application of Economic Value Added on Green Facilities of Urban Agriculture

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Kuo Wei Hsu ◽  
Shang Zhen Liao
Keyword(s):  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Value Added ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Production And Consumption

Green facilities of urban agriculture offer a fertile ground for green innovation, such as rooftop gardens, green curtains, and indoor plant growing, which create a new forms of urban farming economy. The previous studies for cost-benefit analysis of urban agriculture indicated that green facilities could contribute both quantitative and qualitative benefits. The value of green facility strategies of urban agriculture may often be underestimated without transforming qualitative benefits to quantitative benefits. This study examined the effects of green facilities of urban agriculture development in Taiwan. The market reaction was explored by adopting economic value added (EVA) technique for the measurement of both quantitative and qualitative value contributed by green facilities. The results from this study support that there exists interaction between qualitative factors such as indirect economic benefits and social psychological benefits and quantitative factors, agricultural production and energy saving impacted by green facilities. The study concluded that consumers of urban agricultural crops are willing to pay more for eco-friendly products. The establishment of relationship between urban agricultural production and consumption can contribute to sustainability while generating economic opportunities.

Benefit-transfer valuation of a cultural heritage site: the Petroglyph National Monument

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLOS A. ULIBARRI ◽  
VICTOR C. ULIBARRI
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Benefit Transfer ◽  
National Monument ◽  
Heritage Site

ABSTRACTThis paper applies a household production framework (Becker, 1971) to infer the economic value of a cultural heritage site, namely, the Petroglyph National Monument, situated in Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. The empirical analysis uses benefit-transfer techniques from three source studies: those of Bergstrom and Cordell (1991) and Boxall et al. (2003), which concern willingness-to-pay to hike and view rock art sites; and those of Rolfe and Windle (2003, 2006), which concern willingness-to-pay by Aboriginal and general populations to preserve a cultural heritage site containing rock art. The benefit-transfer analysis estimates recreational values between 3.75 million and 7 million dollars per year (depending on perceptions of the cultural attribute quality) and a nonuse value of approximately 12.5 million dollars per year. By comparison the annualized costs of developing/operating the study site are 8.5 million dollars per year. Thus a partial cost-benefit analysis suggests the study site yields net economic benefits upwards of 7.8 million dollars per year.

scholarly journals Optimal spatio-temporal design for water quality monitoring networks in maximizing economic value of information

2019 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 03004 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Destandau ◽  
Youssef Zaiter
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Value Of Information ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Cost

The Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC draw attention to Water Quality Monitoring Networks (WQMN) that allows the acquisition of information regarding water streams. Information could be acquired by a spatial and/or temporal approach. However, there is a cost for monitoring water quality. Hence, to determine the spatio-temporal design of the network, the Economic Value of Information must be known to undertake a cost-benefit analysis. In this study, we show how the calculation of the EVOI can help the network manager to answer questions such as: is the cost of monitoring justified? How to allocate a budget between adding a monitoring station or increasing the frequency of measurement of existing stations?

scholarly journals Valuasi Nilai Ekonomi Total dari Pemanfaatan Limbah B3 Slag Baja sebagai Bahan Pengerasan Jalan (incomplete)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Suwargana Putri ◽  
Iwan Juwana
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Value Assessment ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Financial Feasibility ◽  
Total Economic Value ◽  
Road Paving ◽  
Slag Waste

A common issue is that B3 steel slag waste produced by the iron and steel smelting industry is often dumped into the environment and can  lead to environmental pollution. The hazardous waste management that can be performed  is the use  of B3 steel slag waste as a road paving material. The method of analysis of this research is carried out based on the total economic value then a financial feasibility analysis is carried out using the concept of Cost Benefit Analysis (AMB). The purpose of this research is to identify and classify DUV, IUV, to perform a Total Economic Value assessment, and cost-benefit analysis. The result of the classification of the analysis of the total economic value of this research is the direct use value obtained for an  amount of Rp 2.504.943.750.000, an indirect usege value of Rp 11.285.686.875.000, and the total economic value of Rp 13.790.630.625.000. The Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) conducted in this study is financially feasible, because it meets the financial feasibility standards for a project with a NPV value of Rp 4.827.270.437.317, the Net BCR value of 7,78 and the Gross BCR value of 2,02, IRR of 154,2 %, and the Payback Periode of 4 months 3 days.

scholarly journals COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF COMMUNITY-BASED SERVICES AS A MEANS OF PROMOTING ACTIVE AGING IN GALILEE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S299-S299
Author(s):  
Shira Hantman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Active Aging ◽  
Choice Modelling ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Increase in life expectancy has benefits, but also costs from increased expenses related to morbidity and prevention. These costs may be reduced by adopting a healthier lifestyle. The goal of the study was to quantify the economic value of a variety of activities in which older adults partake: e.g. cultural, intellectual, physical and nutritional activities. Research questions: Are the monetary benefits of improved health different when measured on a subjective willingness-to-pay (WTP) approach or on an objective Cost-of-Illness (COI) approach? Is the monetary benefit of active aging larger than the cost associated in doing that? 300 older adults participating in various activities of the local senior center and a control group not participating filled out a life style survey. A choice modelling (CM) approach estimated a subjective monetary welfare and compared it to an objective measure of benefit associated with the occurrence of different health symptoms associated with more active aging. An association was found between the various activities explored and the objective and subjective perspective of health. Moreover, all older adult activities passed the cost benefit test albite the order was different between objective and subjective estimations. Nutrition related activities were found to be the most beneficial. Cultural activity ranked second objectively and subjectively. Intellectual activity ranked last objectively and physical activity ranked last subjectively. Participants will understand the need to provide optimal policy and efficient resource distribution between the various activities offered to older adults. This will result in better health lowering public health expenditures.

scholarly journals Estimation of Monetary Values of the Ecosystem Services Flow at the Tidal Elbe River

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. O. Mangi
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Elbe River ◽  
Shallow Water Area ◽  
Total Economic Value ◽  
Transfer Method ◽  
The Elbe River

Most ecosystem services are regarded as free goods (i.e., priceless). This paper estimates monetary value of the ecosystem services after renaturalizing the navigation channel in the Kreetsand’s area along the tidal section of the Elbe River. The river channel is basically reconnected to its floodplain which is currently grassland. The paper used benefit transfer method whereby values from previous studies are adopted to estimate total economic value of the ecosystem services provided by the study area. The results show that total economic value of the ecosystem services flow at the Kreetsand’s shallow water area is €0.83 million/year. Nevertheless, the value seems to be underestimated due to errors inherited during valuation. After 44 years, the value will accumulate to €36.5 million, which is equal to the project investment cost estimated to be around €36.6 million. Based on the cost-benefit analysis results for the project, it is concluded that river renaturalization is the best option because it increases ecosystem services flow. The paper recommends that a similar study should be conducted to include more ecosystem services and ecosystem goods such as fish and water used for industrial purposes.

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