scholarly journals On the Formal Representation of the Australian Spent Conviction Scheme

2020 ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
Guido Governatori ◽  
Pompeu Casanovas Romeu ◽  
Louis de Koker
Keyword(s):  
Formal Representation

Análisis de los sentidos de representación formal de libros ilustrados de la sala infantil y juvenil de una biblioteca pública / Analysis of the senses of formal representation in picture books from the children and youth room of a public library

2017 ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Tatiana Cuéllar Torres ◽  
Andrés Reina Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Picture Books ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Formal Representation ◽  
The Senses

Enmarcado en el proyecto de investigación y creación Ocho puntos suspensivos, colección de narraciones visuales para el aprendizaje sensorial, perceptivo y simbólico en niños de 2 a 14 años, se presentará el análisis de un poco más de ochenta libros entre infantiles y juveniles tomados de la sala infantil del Centro Cultural Comfandi, Cali (Colombia). Se revisó la colección abierta de literatura infantil y juvenil, libros informativos y revistas para niños, organizado en cuatro secciones diferenciadas, según el nivel de los lectores, y clasificadas por rangos de edades y competencias lectoras: arrullos, primeros lectores, lectores en marcha y lectores autónomos. Con base en estas secciones, se consideraron cuatro dimensiones analíticas: contenido narrativo, contenido icónico, elementos materiales del formato y contenido educativo. Las dimensiones mencionadas se establecieron mediante una caracterización de los sujetos (niños y jóvenes) y los objetos (libros), y bajo criterios conceptuales respecto al conocer, el aprender a ser y el aprender a saber, en niños y jóvenes de 2 a 14 años (con base en sus niveles de competencias representativas, comunicativas e interpretativas). Aunque se revisaron más de 80 obras entre libros ilustrados, libros álbum y cómics, desde sus aspectos formales, temáticos, de producción y carácter pedagógico, el resultado no puede considerarse rigurosamente representativo, sino una valoración parcial pero argumentada, según criterios propios del diseño gráfico.

Modeling Resource Availability Measurement for System Integration

2014 ◽  
Vol 494-495 ◽  
pp. 845-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning She Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
System Integration ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Resource Integration ◽  
Formal Representation ◽  
Health Measurement ◽  
Object Type ◽  
Traditional Management ◽  
System Resource ◽  
Resource State

The issues about method of resources availability measurement in system integration are discussed. Firstly it analyzes the change of system resource state and discusses the mechanism of transmission of failures based on resource faults. Secondly the method of resource faults-based health measurement, and the representation of classification and formalization for resources in system integration, and the theoretical means of availability metrics of resources and resource platform are provided. The formal representation of the resource structure embodies the managing properties including resource object type, nature and state etc. And it shows the expression for degradation process of resource and events of faults production. That highlights the significance of resource integration to traditional management.

Representation of process trends—Part I. A formal representation framework

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 495-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.T.-Y. Cheung ◽  
G. Stephanopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Formal Representation ◽  
Process Trends

Logical aspects of experimental design and analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Валерий Иванович Хабаров
Keyword(s):  
Model Theory ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Object Identification ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Applied Theory ◽  
Formal Representation ◽  
Active Object

Предложена схема формализации задач активной идентификации объекта с использованием аппарата теории моделей - современного раздела математической логики. Теория моделей позволяет погрузить предмет “планирование и анализ эксперимента” в контекст семантического анализа. Семантический анализ понимается как установление соответствия между миром и его формальным представлением. С этой точки зрения представления об исследуемом объекте выражаются в некоторой прикладной теории. Предложен вывод модели для данной теории как процесс интерпретации, в котором ключевая роль отводится “экспериментатору”. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при проектировании архитектур интеллектуальных систем для экспериментальных исследований, для построения онтологии эксперимента, создания баз знаний Purpose. The purpose of this work is to formalize the tasks of active object identification based on the apparatus of model theory - a modern section of mathematical logic. Model theory allows putting the subject “planning and analysis of an experiment” in the context of semantic analysis. Semantic analysis is understood as establishing a correspondence between the world and its formal representation. From this point of view, the concept of the object under study is expressed in some applied theory, which allows applying formal methods of model theory to it. Methods. It is assumed that the model is derived for this theory as an interpretation process, in which the key role is assigned to the experimenter. As a research method, it is proposed to use commutative diagrams that reflect the process of interpretation and extension of communication diagrams for the so-called equipped theories of planning and analysis of experiments. Results. The properties of the proposed models are proved and examples for planning a regression experiment are presented as an illustration. It is proved that for linear models it is possible to construct a finitely axiomatization capable theory. Findings, originality. The obtained results can be used in the design of architectures for an intelligent system in experimental research, building an experiment ontology and creation of knowledge bases. These studies will allow using logical programming to implement images of the presented commutative diagrams for equipped theories as applied systems for planning and interpreting the experiment

scholarly journals Memory versus logic: two models of organizing information and their influences on web retrieval strategies

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-186
Author(s):  
Teresa Numerico
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Web Search ◽  
Data Representation ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Formal Representation ◽  
Mathematical Functions ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Vannevar Bush ◽  
Social Topology ◽  
Information Retrieval Methods

We can find the first anticipation of the World Wide Web hypertextual structure in Bush paper of 1945, where he described a “selection” and storage machine called the Memex, capable of keeping the useful information of a user and connecting it to other relevant material present in the machine or added by other users. We will argue that Vannevar Bush, who conceived this type of machine, did it because its involvement with analogical devices. During the 1930s, in fact, he invented and built the Differential Analyzer, a powerful analogue machine, used to calculate various relevant mathematical functions. The model of the Memex is not the digital one, because it relies on another form of data representation that emulates more the procedures of memory than the attitude of the logic used by the intellect. Memory seems to select and arrange information according to association strategies, i.e., using analogies and connections that are very often arbitrary, sometimes even chaotic and completely subjective. The organization of information and the knowledge creation process suggested by logic and symbolic formal representation of data is deeply different from the former one, though the logic approach is at the core of the birth of computer science (i.e., the Turing Machine and the Von Neumann Machine). We will discuss the issues raised by these two “visions” of information management and the influences of the philosophical tradition of the theory of knowledge on the hypertextual organization of content. We will also analyze all the consequences of these different attitudes with respect to information retrieval techniques in a hypertextual environment, as the web. Our position is that it necessary to take into accounts the nature and the dynamic social topology of the network when we choose information retrieval methods for the network; otherwise, we risk creating a misleading service for the end user of web search tools (i.e., search engines).

scholarly journals Ontological Organization and Bioinformatic Analysis of Adverse Drug Reactions From Package Inserts: Development and Usability Study

10.2196/20443 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. e20443
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Li ◽  
Xin Lin ◽  
Huiling Ren ◽  
Jinjing Guo
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Package Insert ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Semantic Retrieval ◽  
Formal Representation ◽  
Package Inserts ◽  
Drug Databases

Background Licensed drugs may cause unexpected adverse reactions in patients, resulting in morbidity, risk of mortality, therapy disruptions, and prolonged hospital stays. Officially approved drug package inserts list the adverse reactions identified from randomized controlled clinical trials with high evidence levels and worldwide postmarketing surveillance. Formal representation of the adverse drug reaction (ADR) enclosed in semistructured package inserts will enable deep recognition of side effects and rational drug use, substantially reduce morbidity, and decrease societal costs. Objective This paper aims to present an ontological organization of traceable ADR information extracted from licensed package inserts. In addition, it will provide machine-understandable knowledge for bioinformatics analysis, semantic retrieval, and intelligent clinical applications. Methods Based on the essential content of package inserts, a generic ADR ontology model is proposed from two dimensions (and nine subdimensions), covering the ADR information and medication instructions. This is followed by a customized natural language processing method programmed with Python to retrieve the relevant information enclosed in package inserts. After the biocuration and identification of retrieved data from the package insert, an ADR ontology is automatically built for further bioinformatic analysis. Results We collected 165 package inserts of quinolone drugs from the National Medical Products Administration and other drug databases in China, and built a specialized ADR ontology containing 2879 classes and 15,711 semantic relations. For each quinolone drug, the reported ADR information and medication instructions have been logically represented and formally organized in an ADR ontology. To demonstrate its usage, the source data were further bioinformatically analyzed. For example, the number of drug-ADR triples and major ADRs associated with each active ingredient were recorded. The 10 ADRs most frequently observed among quinolones were identified and categorized based on the 18 categories defined in the proposal. The occurrence frequency, severity, and ADR mitigation method explicitly stated in package inserts were also analyzed, as well as the top 5 specific populations with contraindications for quinolone drugs. Conclusions Ontological representation and organization using officially approved information from drug package inserts enables the identification and bioinformatic analysis of adverse reactions caused by a specific drug with regard to predefined ADR ontology classes and semantic relations. The resulting ontology-based ADR knowledge source classifies drug-specific adverse reactions, and supports a better understanding of ADRs and safer prescription of medications.

Integrating Rule-Based Systems and Data Analytics Tools Using Open Standard PMML

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunpeng Li ◽  
Utpal Roy ◽  
Y. Tina Lee ◽  
Sudarsan Rachuri
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Expert Systems ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Formal Representation ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Open Standard

Rule-based expert systems such as CLIPS (C Language Integrated Production System) are 1) based on inductive (if-then) rules to elicit domain knowledge and 2) designed to reason new knowledge based on existing knowledge and given inputs. Recently, data mining techniques have been advocated for discovering knowledge from massive historical or real-time sensor data. Combining top-down expert-driven rule models with bottom-up data-driven prediction models facilitates enrichment and improvement of the predefined knowledge in an expert system with data-driven insights. However, combining is possible only if there is a common and formal representation of these models so that they are capable of being exchanged, reused, and orchestrated among different authoring tools. This paper investigates the open standard PMML (Predictive Model Mockup Language) in integrating rule-based expert systems with data analytics tools, so that a decision maker would have access to powerful tools in dealing with both reasoning-intensive tasks and data-intensive tasks. We present a process planning use case in the manufacturing domain, which is originally implemented as a CLIPS-based expert system. Different paradigms in interpreting expert system facts and rules as PMML models (and vice versa), as well as challenges in representing and composing these models, have been explored. They will be discussed in detail.

A Formal Representation of Conjugate Verbs for Function Modeling

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Ahmed Chowdhury ◽  
Lakshmi Narasimhon Athinarayana Venkatanarasimhan ◽  
Chiradeep Sen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Design ◽  
System Level ◽  
Formal Representation ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Geothermal Heat Pump ◽  
Level Function ◽  
Modal Reasoning ◽  
Functional Features

Abstract Modern design problems often require multi-modal, reconfigurable solutions. Function modeling is a common tool used to explore solutions in early mechanical design. Currently, function modeling formalisms minimally support the modeling of multi-modal systems in a formal manner. There is a need in function modeling to capture multi-modal system and analyze the effects of control signals and status signals on their operating modes. This paper presents the concept of functional conjugacy, where two function verbs or functional subgraphs are topological opposites of each other. The paper presents a formal representation of these conjugate verbs that formally captures the transition from one mode of operation to its topological opposite based on the existence of, or the value of, signal flows. Additionally, this paper extends functional conjugacy to functional features, which supports conjugacy-based reasoning at a higher level of abstraction. Through the example of a system-level function model of a geothermal heat pump operating in its heating and cooling modes, this paper demonstrates the ability to support modal reasoning on function models using functional conjugacy and illustrates the modeling efficacy of the extended representation.

Agent Support for Design of Aircraft Parts

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna N. Jha ◽  
Andrea Morris ◽  
Ed Mytych ◽  
Judith Spering
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Formal Representation ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
High Level ◽  
Legacy Applications ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control ◽  
Task Structures

Abstract Designing aircraft parts requires extensive coordination among multiple distributed design groups. Achieving such a coordination is time-consuming and expensive, but the cost of ignoring or minimizing it is much higher in terms of delayed and inferior quality products. We have built a multi-agent-based system to provide the desired coordination among the design groups, the legacy applications, and other resources during the preliminary design (PD) process. A variety of agents are used to model the various design and control functionalities. The agent-representation includes a formal representation of the task-structures. A web-based user-interface provides high-level interface to the users. The agents collaborate to achieve the design goals.

A Formal Representation of Conjugate Verbs in Function Modeling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Chowdhury ◽  
LAKSHMI NARASIMHON ATHINARAYANA VENKATANARASIMHAN ◽  
Chiradeep Sen
Keyword(s):  
Formal Representation
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