Logical aspects of experimental design and analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Валерий Иванович Хабаров
Keyword(s):  
Model Theory ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Object Identification ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Applied Theory ◽  
Formal Representation ◽  
Active Object

Предложена схема формализации задач активной идентификации объекта с использованием аппарата теории моделей - современного раздела математической логики. Теория моделей позволяет погрузить предмет “планирование и анализ эксперимента” в контекст семантического анализа. Семантический анализ понимается как установление соответствия между миром и его формальным представлением. С этой точки зрения представления об исследуемом объекте выражаются в некоторой прикладной теории. Предложен вывод модели для данной теории как процесс интерпретации, в котором ключевая роль отводится “экспериментатору”. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при проектировании архитектур интеллектуальных систем для экспериментальных исследований, для построения онтологии эксперимента, создания баз знаний Purpose. The purpose of this work is to formalize the tasks of active object identification based on the apparatus of model theory - a modern section of mathematical logic. Model theory allows putting the subject “planning and analysis of an experiment” in the context of semantic analysis. Semantic analysis is understood as establishing a correspondence between the world and its formal representation. From this point of view, the concept of the object under study is expressed in some applied theory, which allows applying formal methods of model theory to it. Methods. It is assumed that the model is derived for this theory as an interpretation process, in which the key role is assigned to the experimenter. As a research method, it is proposed to use commutative diagrams that reflect the process of interpretation and extension of communication diagrams for the so-called equipped theories of planning and analysis of experiments. Results. The properties of the proposed models are proved and examples for planning a regression experiment are presented as an illustration. It is proved that for linear models it is possible to construct a finitely axiomatization capable theory. Findings, originality. The obtained results can be used in the design of architectures for an intelligent system in experimental research, building an experiment ontology and creation of knowledge bases. These studies will allow using logical programming to implement images of the presented commutative diagrams for equipped theories as applied systems for planning and interpreting the experiment

scholarly journals SEMANTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CONCEPT OF «MECHANISM OF PUBLIC GOVERNANCE» IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SYSTEM APPROACH

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3(76)) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
V.F. GORYACHUK ◽  
D.F. DUKOV
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Formal Representation ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
State Organization

Topicality. Improving the processes of public administration is impossible without studying the theoretical foundations of these processes, without defining the appropriate categories of public administration. A special place among them is occupied by the concept of the "mechanism of public administration". Without disclosing its essence, it is impossible to solve the problem of improving the efficiency of public administration mechanisms and, accordingly, the efficiency of the entire system of public administration. Aim and tasks. Conduct a semantic analysis of existing definitions of "public administration mechanism" in the context of a systems approach. Research results. The presence of perfect mechanisms of public administration provides purposeful, coordinated, and rational management of social and economic processes in the country, the appropriate level of organizational and managerial influence on the development of all spheres of life, sustainable support of public authorities by various segments of the population. Many researchers use the category "system" when defining the concept of the "mechanism of public administration". According to this view, the system: has a purpose; is a set of interconnected elements; its elements act as lower-order systems; can be represented in different aspects and at different levels; forms a special unity with the external environment. The article compares the formal representation of the concept of "system" with the existing definitions of the concept of "mechanism of public administration". Today in the literature there is no single point of view on the definition of "mechanism of public administration". Some authors define it as a system of state bodies organized in accordance with certain principles for the implementation of public administration tasks, the second - as part of the management system that provides influence on the factors on which the result of the management object depends, the third - as a democratic state organization of managerial influence on social processes, fourth - as a way of organizing and functioning of management based on the establishment of reasonable goals, fifth - as a set of practical measures, tools, levers, and incentives by which public authorities influence any public relationships in order to achieve goals. There are other points of view. This situation is the result of the fact that the study of the concept of "mechanism of public administration" is carried out on the basis of different methodological principles, in different fields of science, and with different research objectives. In this case, each of the definitions enriches the understanding of this phenomenon, but none of them, even in combination, does not provide an exhaustive description of the concept of the "mechanism of public administration. Conclusion. None of the definitions of the term "mechanism of public administration" considered in the article fully corresponds to the formal definition of the term "system". At the same time, each component of the formal representation of the term "system" is present in one or another definition of the "mechanism of public administration".

scholarly journals Yield Prediction for Tomato Greenhouse Using EFuNN

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kefaya Qaddoum ◽  
E. L. Hines ◽  
D. D. Iliescu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Yield Prediction ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Fuzzy Neural ◽  
Rule Sets ◽  
Human Operators

In the area of greenhouse operation, yield prediction still relies heavily on human expertise. This paper proposes an automatic tomato yield predictor to assist the human operators in anticipating more effectively weekly fluctuations and avoid problems of both overdemand and overproduction if the yield cannot be predicted accurately. The parameters used by the predictor consist of environmental variables inside the greenhouse, namely, temperature, CO2, vapour pressure deficit (VPD), and radiation, as well as past yield. Greenhouse environment data and crop records from a large scale commercial operation, Wight Salads Group (WSG) in the Isle of Wight, United Kingdom, collected during the period 2004 to 2008, were used to model tomato yield using an Intelligent System called “Evolving Fuzzy Neural Network” (EFuNN). Our results show that the EFuNN model predicted weekly fluctuations of the yield with an average accuracy of 90%. The contribution suggests that the multiple EFUNNs can be mapped to respective task-oriented rule-sets giving rise to adaptive knowledge bases that could assist growers in the control of tomato supplies and more generally could inform the decision making concerning overall crop management practices.

scholarly journals Lak proverbs with the religious code of culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Abakarova
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Social ◽  
Present Participle ◽  
Cultural Code ◽  
Positive Traits ◽  
The Given ◽  
Syntactical Analysis

The article analyzes Lak proverbs with the religious cultural code. The research was based on the descriptive method, syntactical analysis, morphological analysis and cognitive analysis. The proverbs collected from 3 books of Lak proverbs were analyzed from the point of view of semantics, axiological connotations, syntax and morphology. Semantic analysis revealed 6 groups of lexemes: (1) denominations of people; (2) words related to religious pillars and rituals; (3) words related to holy scriptures, religious attributes and terms; (4) words denoting death and afterlife; (5) words denoting commendable religious acts and notions; (6) words denoting sin and punishment. In the course of the axiological analysis there have been defined proverbs with positive evaluation of a person and proverbs with negative characteristics of a person. Positive traits include honesty, piety, decency, erudition and diligence, while negative ones include insulation, indecency, hypocrisy and negligence in the religious worship. Syntactical analysis of the Lak proverbs has revealed the presence of adverbs of asyndetic structure within which there have been established adversative, concessive and comparative relations, as well as of proverbs with copulative and disjunctive conjunctions. Some of the proverbs are based on the principle of alogism. Morphological analysis of the proverbs has revealed the most frequent grammatical tense, the Present Affirmative Tense, which is formed by means of adding the affix -r to the present participle. The Present Affirmative Tense in the Lak language denotes an action as an attribute of the subject which explains the fact of usage of this tense in proverbs that summarize the social experience of the native speakers. Lak proverbs with the given code have not been researched earlier that makes this study relevant.

scholarly journals Species Identity of Large Trees Affects the Composition and the Spatial Structure of Adjacent Trees

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1162
Author(s):  
Olga Cholewińska ◽  
Andrzej Keczyński ◽  
Barbara Kusińska ◽  
Bogdan Jaroszewicz
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Large Tree ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Temperate Forest Ecosystem

Large trees are keystone structures for the functioning and maintenance of the biological diversity of wooded landscapes. Thus, we need a better understanding of large-tree–other-tree interactions and their effects on the diversity and spatial structure of the surrounding trees. We studied these interactions in the core of the Białowieża Primeval Forest—Europe’s best-preserved temperate forest ecosystem, characterized by high abundance of ancient trees. We measured diameter and bark thickness of the monumental trees of Acer platanoides L., Carpinus betulus L., Picea abies (L.) H. Karst, Quercus robur L., and Tilia cordata Mill., as well as the diameter and distance to the monumental tree of five nearest neighbor trees. The effects of the monumental tree on arrangements of the surrounding trees were studied with the help of linear models. We revealed that the species identity of a large tree had, in the case of C. betulus and T. cordata, a significant impact on the diversity of adjacent tree groupings, their distance to the central tree, and frequency of the neighboring trees. The distance between the neighbor and the large trees increased with the increasing diameter of the central tree. Our findings reinforce the call for the protection of large old trees, regardless of their species and where they grow from the geographical or ecosystem point of view.

scholarly journals Conditions for a Dialogue of Local Community and Genius Loci

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Vytautas Petrušonis
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Community Dialogue ◽  
Cultural Ecological

Abstract The research focuses on local community dialogue with genius loci as certain subjectivity of urbanized environment. The following research methods were used: abstraction, analogy, generalization, synthesis, and semantic analysis. Sets of informational units as system of genius loci symptoms, offered in this article, can be used for the presentation of genius loci. Such data figure as network of knowledge highlighted from a cultural-ecological point of view. Some traits of genius loci of Lentvaris manor park are presented.

RUSSISMS IN THE MODERN SERBIAN LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (103) ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
JELENA LEPOJEVIC
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Theory Of Language ◽  
The Russian Language

This paper considers, from the point of view of modern theory of language in contact, words loaned from the Russian language or through the Russian language that are still in active use in the modern Serbian language. The aim of this paper is to determine the corpus of these elements in the dictionaries of the modern Serbian literary language, as well as to conduct a morphological and lexical-semantic analysis of the collected material. Many of these words are not perceived as borrowings by speakers of the Serbian language, but it is a fact that these elements came to the Serbian language from Russian. The author studies the words with the label rus. , identified by the analysis of Serbian language dictionaries. Words of Russian origin that are on the periphery of the lexical fund of the Serbian language, such as archaisms and historicisms, have not been taken into consideration.

MENTAL VERBS IN K.L. KHETAGUROV’S POETRY AS MEANS OFREPRESENTING THE FRAGMENTS OF THE AUTHOR’S WORLD IMAGE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.В. Мамиева
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Knowledge Process ◽  
Interpretive Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Frame ◽  
Cognitive Actions ◽  
Material Organization ◽  
World Image ◽  
Mental Verbs

В статье исследуется функционально-семантическая сфера и художественно-когнитивный потенциал ментальных глаголов, употребленных К. Л. Хетагуровым в сборнике Ирон фандыр ( Осетинская лира , 1899) и примыкающих к нему текстах на осетинском языке.На основе лексико-семантического анализа прототипической глагольной лексемы зонын, доминантной в словаре языка сборника, и ее производных определены важные структурные компоненты когнитивного фрейма осуществление ментальной деятельности. Очерчен состав номинативного поля ментальных глаголов с прямым и контекстным значением слов: конститутивные элементы отнесены к ядру и приядерному слою номинации, эксплицирующие синонимические ряды дополнительных характеристик, к области ближней и дальней периферии. В работе изложен опыт применения комплексного (лингво-литературоведческого) подхода к исследованию вербальных средств выражения мыслительных действий с использованием элементов этимологического, контекстуального и интерпретативного анализа. В основу организации материала лег метод структуризации семантического поля ментальных глаголов по признаку действие/состояние с различением трех аспектов ментальной сферы сознания: 1) мыслительных действий, цель которых получение знания (процесс мышления) 2) мыслительных актов, свидетельствующих о результатах реализации ментальной способности 3) ментальных состояний (статуальность как результат предшествующих мыслительных действий) с указанием дифференцированной частоты их употребления. Делается вывод о том, что единицы ментального поля являются ключевыми и концептуально значимыми в анализируемыхтекстах Коста Хетагурова. Проблема рассмотрена под углом зрения антропного фактора в аспекте репрезентации фрагментов картины мира в художественном тексте, отражающих ценностно-мировоззренческие установки автора. The article explores the functional-semantic sphere and artistic-cognitive potential of the mental verbs used by K.L. Khetagurov in his anthology Iron Fandyr ( Ossetian Lira, 1899) and the adjoining Ossetic texts. Based on the lexico-semantic analysis of the prototypical verb lexem zonyn, which is dominant in the dictionary of the anthology language, and its derivatives the important structural components of the cognitive frame exercise of the mental activities are defined. The structure of the nominative field of mental verbs is outlined (direct and contextual meanings of words): the constitutional elements are classified as the nucleus and nearby layer the nominations which make synonymic rows of additional characteristics explicit, to the area of near and far periphery. The paper outlines the experience of applying a comprehensive (linguo-literary) approach to the study of verb means of expression of thought actions, including the elements of etymological, contextual and interpretive analysis. The material organization is based on the method of structuring the semantic field of mental verbs on the basis of action/station with the distinction of three aspects of the mental sphere of consciousness: 1) cognitive actions, which purpose is to obtain knowledge (process of thinking) 2) the cognitive acts confirming results of mental ability realization 3) mental conditions (a stasis as a result of the previous cogitative actions) with the indication of the total and differentiated frequency of their use. It is concluded that mental verbs are key-note and conceptually significant in Kosta Khetagurovs poetry. The problem is considered from the point of view of the anthropic factor in the aspect of representation of fragments of the image of the world in the literary text, reflecting the axiological and worldview attitudes of the author.

Harnessing Knowledge for Sustainable Development

2017 ◽  
pp. 234-251
Author(s):  
Abdelkader Djeflat
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The World ◽  
Physical Resources ◽  
World Development

Arab countries face two major challenges resulting from increasing competition from the rest of the world and persistent reliance on mineral resources for their growth. At the same time, sustainable development is increasingly becoming a major concern for world development. In this respect, and from a sustainability point of view, knowledge economy opens up new and more accessible opportunities through the ‘substitution' of physical resources by immaterial resources. This situation raises two fundamental questions: the first one relates to the opportunity of ensuring sustainable development while the knowledge base remains rather weak and policies often short-sighted. The second one is how an integrated approach based on knowledge can strengthen existing knowledge bases and create new ones to further sustainable development. Looking at a sample of advanced countries and Arab countries, this chapter argues that sustainability of growth rests fundamentally on the capability of properly harnessing knowledge.

From Ontology Phobia to Contextual Ontology Use in Enterprise Information Systems

2006 ◽  
pp. 115-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami Rifaieh ◽  
Aïcha-Nabila Benharkat
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Description Logics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Shared Understanding ◽  
Formal Representation ◽  
Enterprise Information ◽  
Enterprise Information Systems ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Common Goals

Shared understanding in an enterprise is necessary to permit a unifying framework serving as the basis of communication between people, interoperability between systems, and other system engineering benefits such as reusability, reliability, and specification. Bringing systems to work together is increasingly becoming essential for leveraging the Enterprise Information Systems (EIS) and reaching common goals. Currently, enterprises develop their systems independently with low consideration for the collaboration that systems can play with other systems. Certainly, semantic sharing represents the daunting barrier for making these systems work together through common shared understanding. In the last decade, theoretical research such as ontologies and context were suggested separately as formal support for treating the semantics-sharing problem. In order to resolve this main problem, we intend to pair up the two notions of Context and Ontologies. Typically, contextualization can be seen at the ontology level in order to enable the multiple views and multi-representation requirements. Hence, the formal representation of contextual ontologies should preserve adequate reasoning mechanisms. A machine understandable semantics and interpretation should be also given for information in a context, according to a specific system’s point of view. However, we perceived a growing ontology phobia in many enterprises. This fear is based on misunderstanding of ontologies’ advantages and lack of practical applications for theoretical proposals. The aim of this chapter is twofold. On one hand, it concentrates on studying the application of tightening together context and ontologies which can serve as formal background for reaching a suitable EIS environment. It invests in resolving the semantic-sharing problem between these systems. It focuses on suggesting a formalism for contextual ontologies based on a combination of Description Logics and Modal Logics. On the other hand, it investigates issues and arguments helping to overcome the ontology phobia. It shows with examples the usefulness of these contextual ontologies for resolving the semantic-sharing problem between some EIS.

Structured Representation of Drug Indications: Lexical and Semantic Analysis and Object-Oriented Modeling

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (01) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Duclos ◽  
A. Venot
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Drug Prescription ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Single File ◽  
Drug Knowledge ◽  
Processing Software ◽  
Structured Representation

Abstract:No standardized representation of drug indications is currently available that could be used in drug knowledge bases. We describe an object-oriented representation of indications that should make it possible to develop new tools for selecting drugs and checking prescriptions in computerized drug prescription systems. The model was developed using the results of a lexical and semantic analysis of drug indications, collected into a single file and processed using natural language processing software. It distinguishes both the diseases for which the drug may be given and the efficiency of the drug for a given indication. Two aspects of the model were evaluated: the differences if two independent evaluators filled the attributes independently and the loss of information induced by the use of the model. A system based on this model, making it possible for the physician to select all the drugs satisfying various criteria, is also presented.

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