Simulation of Tsunami Waves Induced by Coastal and Submarine Landslides in Japan

2020 ◽  
pp. 295-327
Author(s):  
Doan Huy Loi ◽  
Kyoji Sassa ◽  
Khang Dang ◽  
Toyohiko Miyagi
Keyword(s):  
Submarine Landslides ◽  
Tsunami Waves

Simulation of tsunami waves generated by submarine landslides in the Black Sea

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayaz S. Khakimzyanov ◽  
Oleg I. Gusev ◽  
Sofya A. Beizel ◽  
Leonid B. Chubarov ◽  
Nina Yu. Shokina
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waves ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Numerical Technique ◽  
Submarine Landslide ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Submarine Landslides ◽  
Hydrodynamic Approximation ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Dispersive Model ◽  
Shallow Water Models

AbstractNumerical technique for studying surface waves appearing under the motion of a submarine landslide is discussed. This technique is based on the application of the model of a quasi-deformable landslide and two shallow water models, namely, the classic (dispersion free) one and the completely nonlinear dispersive model of the second hydrodynamic approximation. Numerical simulation of surface waves generated by a large model landslide on the continental slope of the Black Sea near the Russian coast is performed. It is shown that the dispersion has a significant impact on the picture of propagation of tsunami waves on sufficiently long paths.

What Is Tsunami Earthquake?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshikazu Ebisuzaki
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waves ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Submarine Landslides ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Tsunami Earthquakes ◽  
Seismic Surface Waves ◽  
Tsunami Earthquake ◽  
Volcanic Islands ◽  
2004 Tsunami

Abstract A tsunami earthquake is defined as an earthquake which induces abnormally strong tsunami waves compared with its seismic magnitude (Kanamori 1972; Kanamori and Anderson 1975; Tanioka and Seno 2001). We investigate the possibility that the surface waves (Rayleigh, Love, and tsunami waves) in tsunami earthquakes are amplified by secondly submarine landslides, induced by the liquefaction of the sea floor due to the strong vibrations of the earthquakes. As pointed by Kanamori (2004), tsunami earthquakes are significantly stronger in longer waves than 100 s and low in radiation efficiencies of seismic waves by one or two order of magnitudes. These natures are in favor of a significant contribution of landslides. The landslides can generate seismic waves with longer period with lower efficiency than the tectonic fault motions (Kanamori et al 1980; Eissler and Kanamori 1987; Hasegawa and Kanamori 1987). We further investigate the distribution of the tsunami earthquakes and found that most of their epicenters are located at the steep slopes in the landward side of the trenches or around volcanic islands, where the soft sediments layers from the landmass are nearly critical against slope failures. This distribution suggests that the secondly landslides may contribute to the tsunami earthquakes. In the present paper, we will investigate the rapture processes determined by the inversion analysis of seismic surface waves of tsunami earthquakes can be explained by massive landslides, simultaneously triggered by earthquakes in the tsunami earthquakes which took place near the trenches.

scholarly journals Characteristics and frequency of large submarine landslides at the western tip of the Gulf of Corinth

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Beckers ◽  
Aurelia Hubert-Ferrari ◽  
Christian Beck ◽  
George Papatheodorou ◽  
Marc de Batist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Submarine Landslides ◽  
Earthquake Triggering ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Western Basin ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Conditioning Factors ◽  
Gulf Of Corinth

Abstract. Coastal and submarine landslides are frequent at the western tip of the Gulf of Corinth, where small to medium failure events (106–107 m3) occur on average every 30–50 years. These landslides trigger tsunamis, and consequently represent a significant hazard. We use here a dense grid of high-resolution seismic profiles to realize an inventory of the large mass transport deposits (MTDs) that result from these submarine landslides. Six large mass wasting events are identified, and their associated deposits locally represent 30 % of the sedimentation since 130 ka in the main western Basin. In the case of a large MTD of ~ 1 km3 volume, the simultaneous occurrence of different slope failures is inferred and suggests an earthquake triggering. However, the overall temporal distribution of MTDs would result from the time-dependent evolution of pre-conditioning factors, rather than from the recurrence of external triggers. Two likely main pre-conditioning factors are (1) the reloading time of slopes, which varied with the sedimentation rate, and (2) dramatic changes in water depth and water circulation that occurred 10–12 ka ago during the last post-glacial transgression. Such sliding events likely generated large tsunami waves in the whole Gulf of Corinth, possibly larger than those reported in historical sources considering the observed volume of the MTDs.

Submarine landslides in the west continental slope of the South China Sea and their tsunamigenic potential

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyi Pan ◽  
Linlin Li ◽  
Hong Phuong Nguyen ◽  
Dawei Wang
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Shear Zone ◽  
Continental Slope ◽  
South China ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Red River ◽  
Submarine Landslides ◽  
The West ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Central Vietnam

<p>The 109 meridian fault is located in the west of the South China Sea (SCS) connecting to the offshore Red River Shear Zone. The evolution processes of the 109 meridian fault: striking-uplifting-subsidence of adjacent basin led to a nearly 1000m sharp bathymetric difference in the offshore region of central Vietnam. Combined with the high sediment input from numerous montane rivers in the rising hinterland, the continental slope near central Vietnam possesses the ideal condition for developing submarine landslides. Seismic data indicates many submarine landslides were developed along the steep continental slope. In this study, we analyze the possible trigger mechanisms of these landslides based on the local geological background and sedimentary environment, and assess their tsunamigenic potential along the coast of the Southern Central Vietnam (SCV). We point out that the landslide failures in this region could be triggered by several mechanisms, including seismic activities in the offshore SCV, volcanic activities, gas seep on the slope and the relative sea-level changes. The seismic and volcanic activities are related directly to the late middle Miocene volcanism generated by the change from left- to right-lateral motion on the Red River Shear Zone, showing that tectonism play a significant role in the generation of submarine landslide in the western continental slope of the SCS. To estimate the impact of tsunami waves on SCV coastline, we use two numerical models—NHWAVE and FUNWAVE-TVD to model 4 representative landslides with volume ranging between 1-4km<sup>3</sup> and water depth of 300-1000m. The submarine landslides were treated as rigid slump and deformable slide corresponding to two different sedimentary environments. Our results show that the tsunami waves generated by rigid slump can reach up to 20m height in the landslide source area and arrive earlier to the coast of SCV than waves generated by deformable slide. Among these simulated scenarios, tsunami waves generated by the worst-case scenario arrive at the populated cities including Quy Nhơn (109.3°E,13.77°N), Tuy Hòa (109.37°E ,13.08°N) and Vung Ro Bay (109.43°E，12.86°N) in less than 25mins with maximum height of 5m. It is worth mentioning that the Vung Ro Bay will be affected by tsunami waves in all simulated scenarios. We quantify the influence of landslide characteristics (volume, water depth and material) and highlight the local effect of coastal bathymetry on the tsunami generation and propagation which lead to different hazard level of SCV coast.</p>

scholarly journals A three-dimensional non-hydrostatic model for tsunami waves generated by submarine landslides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congfang Ai ◽  
Yuxiang Ma ◽  
Changfu Yuan ◽  
Zhihua Xie ◽  
Guohai Dong
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Submarine Landslides ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Hydrostatic Model

Insights into potential submarine landslide tsunamis in the South China Sea: A comparative study of the Baiyun Slide and the Brunei Slide

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linlin Li ◽  
Qiang Qiu ◽  
Fengyan Shi ◽  
Gangfeng Ma
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Southern China ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Pearl River Mouth Basin ◽  
Submarine Landslides ◽  
The South ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
China Sea

<p>We investigate the sliding dynamics of two giant submarine landslides and their tsunamigenic capacity in the South China Sea (SCS) region: the Baiyun slide in the Pearl River Mouth Basin and the Brunei Slide in Northwest offshore Brunei. The two slides have comparable sizes with the estimated volumes of 1035 km<sup>3</sup> for Baiyun Slide versus 1200 km<sup>3</sup> for Brunei Slide and areas of 5500 km<sup>2</sup> versus 5300 km<sup>2</sup>. Based on the available geophysical observations, we construct hypothetical scenarios for both slides. By treating the slides as translational mudflow, we are able to reproduce the observed run-out distribution of the Baiyun Slide. The sliding speeds of the failed material could reach 25~35 m/s in both slide events. Both slides could generate devastating tsunamis in the SCS although the tsunamigenic capacity of the Brunei Slide is significantly larger than the Baiyun Slide. Through a series of numerical experiments, we demonstrate that the steepness of the slope and initial water depth of the slides play the key role of determining their tsunamigenic capacity. The tsunami generated by the Baiyun Slide mainly affects the northern part of the SCS. Coastlines including the southern China, central Vietnam, western Philippines suffer the highest tsunami waves.  The tsunami waves generated by the Brunei Slide causes significant impact in northern coasts of Borneo Island, coasts of central and southern Vietnam and Palawan.</p>

Central-Upwind Scheme for Savage–Hutter Type Model of Submarine Landslides and Generated Tsunami Waves

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kurganov ◽  
Jason Miller
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Steady States ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Upwind Scheme ◽  
Type Model ◽  
Test Problems ◽  
Submarine Landslides ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Tsunami Waves

Abstract. We develop a new central-upwind scheme for a one-dimensional Savage–Hutter type model of submarine landslides and generated tsunami waves. Our scheme exactly preserves physically relevant steady-states, preserves positivity of water depth, is insensitive to choice of discretization of nonconservative products, and properly incorporates friction inherent in the model. We apply our scheme to a variety of test problems and the numerical results clearly demonstrate a high accuracy and robustness of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Owen Ridge deep-water submarine landslides: implications for tsunami hazard along the Oman coast

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rodriguez ◽  
N. Chamot-Rooke ◽  
H. Hébert ◽  
M. Fournier ◽  
P. Huchon
Keyword(s):  
Finite Difference ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Submarine Landslides ◽  
Tsunami Generation ◽  
Difference Model ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Wave Elevation ◽  
Sediment Failure

Abstract. The recent discovery of voluminous submarine landslides along the Owen Ridge may represent a source of tsunami hazard for the nearby Oman coast. We assess the severity of this potential hazard by performing numerical simulations of tsunami generation and propagation from the biggest landslide (40 km3 in volume) observed along the Owen Ridge. A finite-difference model, assimilating the landslide to a visco-plastic flow, simulates tsunami generation. Computation results show that Salalah city (190 000 inhabitants) is impacted by 2.5 m-high tsunami waves one hour after sediment failure. Higher wave elevation values (4 m) are reached in the low populated Sawqara Bay over 80 min after slide initiation. Although large submarine failures along remote oceanic ridges are infrequent, this study reveals an underestimated source of tsunami hazard in the Arabian Sea.

scholarly journals A TWO-LAYER NON-HYDROSTATIC LANDSLIDE MODEL FOR TSUNAMI GENERATION ON IRREGULAR BATHYMETRY

2018 ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
James T. Kirby ◽  
Stéphan T. Grilli ◽  
Fengyan Shi ◽  
Gangfeng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Lower Layer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Strong Stability ◽  
Tvd Scheme ◽  
Vertical Acceleration ◽  
Submarine Landslides ◽  
Governing Equations ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Landslide Model

In this study, a two-layer landslide model is presented for investigating submarine landslides and generated waves that propagate over irregular bathymetry. The landslide is described as either a mudflow or a fully saturated granular flow, which are distinguished by using different rheological closure based on physical principles. Depth-averaged governing equations for the landslide are derived in a regular Cartesian coordinate system, and take into account the effect of vertical acceleration and interface traction from the upper-layer water. In addition, sediment erosion from basal boundary and water entrainment are also considered. Tsunami waves generated by the landslide are simulated by the three-dimensional non-hydrostatic wave model NHWAVE (Ma et al., 2012). The governing equations for both the lower-layer slide and the upper-layer water body are solved using a Godunov-type finite volume TVD scheme in space and a Strong Stability-Preserving (SSP) Runge- Kutta scheme in time.

scholarly journals Numerical simulation of the tsunamis generated by the Sciara del Fuoco landslides (Stromboli Island, Italy)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fornaciai ◽  
M. Favalli ◽  
L. Nannipieri
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Submarine Landslides ◽  
Tsunami Propagation ◽  
Boussinesq Model ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Aeolian Arc ◽  
Hydrostatic Model ◽  
Southern Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Sciara Del Fuoco

AbstractStromboli volcano (Aeolian Arc, Italy) experiences many mass failures along the Sciara del Fuoco (SdF) scar, which frequently trigger tsunamis of various sizes. In this work, we simulate tsunami waves generated by landslides occurring in the SdF through numerical simulations carried out in two steps: (i) the tsunami triggering, wave propagation and the effects on Stromboli are simulated using the 3D non-hydrostatic model NHWAVE; (ii) generated train waves are then input into the 2D Boussinesq model FUNWAVE-TVD to simulate wave propagation in the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea (STS). We simulated the following scenarios: (i) the tsunami runup, inland inundation and wave propagation at Stromboli triggered by submarine landslides with volumes of 6, 10, 15 and 20 × 106 m3 and subaerial landslides with volumes of 4, 6, 10 and 30 × 106 m3; (ii) tsunami propagation in the STS triggered by submarine landslides with volumes of 10 and 15 × 106 m3 and by subaerial landslides with volumes of 6 and 30 × 106 m3. We estimate that the damages of the last relevant tsunami at Stromboli, which occurred in 2002, could have been generated either by a subaqueous failure of about 15–20 × 106 m3 along the SdF or/and a subaerial failure of about 4–6 × 106 m3. The coasts most affected by this phenomenon are not necessarily located near the failure, because the bathymetry and topography can dramatically increase the waves heights locally. Tsunami waves are able to reach the first Stromboli populated beaches in just over 1 minute and the harbour in less than 7 minutes. After about 30 minutes the whole Aeolian Arc would be impacted by maximum tsunami waves. After 1 hour and 20 minutes, waves would encompass the whole STS arriving at Capri.

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