scholarly journals Ownership Structures

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Jeannet ◽  
Thierry Volery ◽  
Heiko Bergmann ◽  
Cornelia Amstutz
Keyword(s):  
Family Ownership ◽  
Ownership Structures ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Founding Family ◽  
Ownership Stability ◽  
A Company ◽  
Privately Owned ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Ownership Control

AbstractThis chapter details how ownership structures evolved, starting from the early stages of a company to unfolding over time as ownership invariably passed on from one generation to another. Examples are offered on how and under what circumstances companies go public and how founders recruit new owners when ready to pass on the company. Specifically covered are single ownership and family ownership. To provide ownership stability and ownership control, the text describes efforts to keep control within the founding family, ways of passing ownership on to another family, and the process of shareholder agreements. Examples are provided on how companies recruit new owners and how companies approach the decision to go public vs. remaining privately owned.

Supplier management by distributing orders among new and existing suppliers: the methodology and its application to a fast fashion company

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Betul Acar Alagoz ◽  
Murat Caner Testik ◽  
Derya Dinler
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Supplier Management ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
A Company ◽  
Over Time

PurposeThis study aims to create a reliable, collaborative and sustainable business environment with suppliers of a company for providing high-quality and low-cost products on time. A supplier management system that sustains existing suppliers by sharing work based on systematic performance evaluation while developing the supplier base with potential suppliers is proposed.Design/methodology/approachBuilt on quantitative approaches, supplier management functions are integrated in the designed system. A quantitative strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis is adapted for evaluating potential suppliers. A multi-objective integer linear programming (ILP) model is developed for the distribution of orders among selected potential and existing suppliers. A performance evaluation scheme based on an exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) is proposed to evaluate and monitor suppliers' performance over time.FindingsProposed system develops a supplier base by methodically selecting and approving new suppliers, and a sustainable relationship with both new and existing suppliers is established based on performance over time. Decisions on retaining or removing suppliers from the base are objectively made by quantitative evaluations. Orders are fairly distributed among suppliers under the constraints imposed by the management. Dependence on a certain set of suppliers and its associated risks are reduced while agility in offering goods is enabled.Originality/valueBusiness processes for selecting new suppliers, distributing orders among all suppliers, evaluating and monitoring performance over time are quantitatively integrated to add value in operational decision-making. The proposed system is original in the holistic approach for managing and sustaining multiple suppliers of a company based on performance.

Valuation of Banking Sector

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-200
Author(s):  
Ahmad Aref Almazari
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Decision Models ◽  
The Third ◽  
Bank Regulations ◽  
Fourth Part ◽  
Sector Decision ◽  
A Company ◽  
Over Time

This chapter examines in particular the valuation of banks which can be classified into five parts. It introduces several valuation approaches to find out whether there is a superior method. This chapter starts with a description of bank regulations and their impact on bank valuations and continues with an overview of valuation approaches. The second part applies the banking sector decision Models. The third section shows banking sector valuation models. The fourth part presents the input factors that are needed to value a company. In the last part, financial statements have been used to analyze the main ratios of the Bank of America, and the calculated values were then compared over time (2014-2018) to assess the explanatory power of the bank.

4. The chief justice

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Linda Greenhouse
Keyword(s):  
Chief Executive ◽  
Chief Justice ◽  
A Company ◽  
Over Time

The chief justice is not mentioned in the judicial article of the Constitution (Article III), but “The chief justice” demonstrates how the role has grown in importance over time. It is a multifaceted role, like that of a chief executive of a company. A traditional legal background is not necessarily the best preparation. Some chief justices believed that casting one of the nine votes in a case is still one of their most useful functions. It was a chief justice, William Howard Taft, who decided that the Supreme Court’s caseload should be decided on a discretionary basis, putting the Court in a position to dictate America’s legal agenda.

Risk Factors Responsible for Ultrafiltration Failure in Early Stages of Peritoneal Dialysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Selgas ◽  
M.-Auxiliadora Bajo ◽  
M.-José Castro ◽  
Gloria Del Peso ◽  
Abelardo Aguilera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
The Third ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Ultrafiltration Failure ◽  
Peritoneal Function ◽  
Over Time

Objective To define risk factors for ultrafiltration failure (UFF) during early stages of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Design Retrospective analysis of a group of patients whose peritoneal function was prospectively followed. Setting A tertiary-care public university hospital. Patients Nineteen of 90 long-term PD patients required a peritoneal resting period to recover UF capacity: 8 had this requirement before the third year on PD (early, EUFF group) and 11 had a late requirement (LUFF group). The remaining 71 patients, those with stable peritoneal function over time, constituted the control group. Main Outcome Measures Peritoneal UF capacity under standard conditions (monthly) and small solute peritoneal transport (yearly). Results None of the conditions appearing at the start of PD or during the observation period could be definitely identified as the cause of UFF. There were no differences in characteristics between the EUFF group and the other two groups, except for the higher prevalence of diabetes in the EUFF group. Residual renal function (RRF) declined in all three groups during the first 2 years, with rapid loss during the third year in the EUFF group. This rapid loss in RRF was coincident with UFF. Peritoneal solute and water transport at baseline was similar in the three groups. After 2 years on PD, individuals in the EUFF group showed a significantly lower UF and higher creatinine mass transfer coefficient values than those in the LUFF group. Diabetic patients in the control group showed remarkable stability in UF capacity over time. During the second year on PD, requirement for increases in dialysate glucose concentration was 3.4 ± 0.5% in the LUFF group, but as high as 25.5 ± 24.2% in the EUFF group. The accumulated days of active peritonitis (APID, days with cloudy effluent) were similar for the three groups after 1, 2, and 3 years on PD. Interestingly, diabetic patients in the control group showed an APID index significantly lower than the overall EUFF group. Diabetics in the control group also had significantly lower APID versus nondiabetics in the control group ( p = 0.016). Conclusions Our findings suggest that certain patients develop early UFF type I. Diabetic state and a higher glucose requirement to obtain adequate UF suggest that glucose on both sides of the peritoneal membrane could be responsible. The mechanisms for this higher requirement remain to be elucidated. The identification of a larger cohort of these early UFF patients should lead to a better exploration of the primary pathogenic mechanisms.

Some Considerations for Investors Exploring ESG Strategies

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tracking Error ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Fixed Income ◽  
Security Prices ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
A Company ◽  
Industry Peers ◽  
Over Time

Investors who are concerned about environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors face numerous questions. In the author’s opinion, investors need to determine which ESG issues are important for them, and how these issues should be reflected in a portfolio. For some strategies, ESG factors are integral to the investment process, whereas for other strategies, ESG factors are best captured via simple and transparent rules (screens and/or tilts). Investors also face several practical implementation choices. Should each company be evaluated on the basis of its current ESG profile, or is the trend more relevant? Should a company be analyzed on a stand-alone basis or relative to its industry peers? And for the strategy, what is the appropriate level of active risk (tracking error) relative to the policy benchmark? In addition, investors need to determine how to monitor any ESG strategy over time, which will help ensure the strategy is performing as expected. In the author’s opinion, perhaps the biggest challenge facing investors is articulating an investment thesis for an ESG strategy. Which ESG factors are already reflected in security prices, and which ESG factors have the potential to drive outperformance? Finally, the article identifies some differences between equity and fixed income strategies as they relate to ESG.

scholarly journals “Pocketing” Research Data? Ethnographic Data Production as Material Theorizing

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-119
Author(s):  
Christine Neubert ◽  
Ronja Trischler
Keyword(s):  
Research Data ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Research Practices ◽  
Data Production ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Temporal Dimensions ◽  
A Company ◽  
Over Time

We analyze the relations between ethnographic data and theory through an examination of materiality in research practices, arguing that data production is a form of material theorizing. This entails reviewing and (re-)applying practice-theoretical discussions on materiality to questions of ethnography, and moving from understanding theory primarily as ideas to observing theorizing in all steps of research practice. We introduce “pocketing” as a heuristic concept to analyze how and when ethnographic data materializes: the concept defines data’s materiality relationally, through the affective and temporal dimensions of practice. It is discussed using two examples: in a study on everyday architectural experience where ethnographic data materialized as bodies affected by architecture; and in a study on digital cooperation where research data’s materialization was distributed over time according to the use of a company database. By conceptualizing data’s materiality as practice-bound, “pocketing” facilitates understanding the links between data and theory in ethnographic data production.

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