The Origins of Gandersheim

The establishment of the convent of Gandersheim c.852 is often seen as an origin point for its founding family as well, denoting the Liudolfings’ first use of a memorial centre to build up their power and political influence en route to securing the royal title. Consequently, studies of the origins of Gandersheim are often coloured by the later success of the Ottonian dynasty and the monastery’s role as a royal foundation. This chapter instead sets the early history of Gandersheim and its external relationships firmly in its late-Carolingian context. It uses the contemporary works written for the community of Gandersheim by Agius of Corvey to argue that there was considerable ambiguity around the monastery’s relationship to the Liudolfings after the death of the first abbess, Hathumoda.

Chemerin receptors in GtoPdb v.2021.3

Nomenclature for the chemerin receptors is presented as recommended by NC-IUPHAR [15, 43]). The chemoattractant protein and adipokine, chemerin, has been shown to be the endogenous ligand for both chemerin family receptors. Chemerin1 was the founding family member, and when GPR1 was de-orphanised it was re-named Chermerin2 [43]. Chemerin1 is also activated by the lipid-derived, anti-inflammatory ligand resolvin E1 (RvE1), which is formed via the sequential metabolism of EPA by aspirin-modified cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase [2, 3]. In addition, two GPCRs for resolvin D1 (RvD1) have been identified: FPR2/ALX, the lipoxin A4 receptor, and GPR32, an orphan receptor [45].

Does family matter? The moderating role of family involvement on the relationship between CSR and firm performance

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the moderating role of family involvement on the corporate social responsibility (CSR)-firm performance (FP) relationship in the US hospitality industry. Building on agency theory, this study examines how family ownership, management and board control influence the relationship between CSR and FP. Design/methodology/approach To examine the moderating effect of family ownership, family management and family board control, this study adopts the two-way fixed-effects model and performs a panel regression analysis with robust standard errors. The sample period spans 1994–2018 and 565 firm-year observations are included. Findings This study finds that the impact of CSR on FP is positively moderated by the extent of a firm’s family member involvement. In specific, all three aspects of corporate governance (i.e. ownership, management and board control) positively moderate the relationship between CSR and FP. Research limitations/implications Findings of this study yield several recommendations for hospitality managers, including shaping strategic decisions for implementing CSR, by providing a unique perspective that the involvement of founding family members can be helpful in enhancing firm value through CSR activities. Originality/value This study sheds light on the further understanding of the CSR-FP link in the hospitality literature. In addition, this study provides practical guidelines for hospitality firms in the context of CSR by revealing possible advantages of strengthened founding family involvement.

CCAR-1 has a novel role in regulating the Caenorhabditis elegans germline

The Cell Division Cycle and Apoptosis Regulator (CCAR) protein family members are putative transcription regulators that have been characterized for modulating the cell cycle, apoptosis, metabolism, and the heat shock response. Mammals have two CCAR family members, CCAR1 and CCAR2/DBC1, that evolved from the founding family member CCAR-1 that is expressed in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mammalian CCAR2, the most well-studied family member, has been shown to regulate genes involved in metabolism in cultured cells. However, the regulation of gene expression by CCAR family members at an organismal level is unknown. Here, we use whole transcriptome RNA sequencing to examine the effects of CCAR-1 on gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans. We show that CCAR-1 regulates germline transcription, reproduction, lifespan, and DNA-damage induced apoptosis. This study shows the role of CCAR-1 in vital physiological functions in the C. elegans germline that have not been investigated before.

Drivers of Philanthropic Foundations in Emerging Markets: Family, Values and Spirituality

This article discusses the ethics and drivers of philanthropic foundations in emerging markets. A foundation organizes assets to invest in philanthropic initiatives. Previous scholarship has largely focused on developed countries, especially the United States, and has questioned the ethics behind the activities of foundations, particularly for strategic motives that served wider corporate purposes. We argue that philanthropic foundations in emerging markets have distinctive characteristics that merit separate examination. We scrutinize the ethics behind the longitudinal activity of such foundations using 70 oral history interviews with business leaders in 18 countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. We find that 55 out of 70 foundations associated with these leaders have been used as vehicles for a specific type of philanthropic ethics defined as “spiritual philanthropy”. These foundations often embodied personal or family traditions, culture, and religious values, which emphasized charitable giving and social responsibility. As in the case of many of the industrial foundations in Europe, these foundations also carried founding family names and provided a structure to maintain family control and enhance corporate reputation. We argue that, as business leaders in emerging markets are more directly exposed to dire social, educational and health deprivation than their counterparts in developed countries, they are less inclined toward grandiose world-making, and their foundations are more focused on delivering immediate benefits to communities in their home countries, motivated by implicit or explicit spirituality.

Managerial ability in founding-family firms: evidence from Indonesia

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of founding-family firms on managerial ability.Design/methodology/approachFounding-family firms are determined by founder and/or family involvement as block holder and as in the firm board. Managerial ability is estimated by data envelopment analysis. Research samples consist of 412 manufacturing firm-years listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange. Analysis data use random-effect regression as the main analysis and Huber-White regression as an alternative analysis.FindingsThis research finds that founding-family firms have a negative effect on managerial ability. Further, the result shows that lower managerial ability occurred when founding-family firms led by founder and professional CEOs, when other family members involved in the ownership and the board have higher family ownership. It indicates that founding-family firms concern more about family interest, such as family reputation, rather than business needs and best management practice.Research limitations/implicationsLimitation of this research does not occur if the founding-family firms are managed by first, second, third, etc., family generation. Future research expected to consider family generation in founding-family firms management.Practical implicationsThis research can be used by founding-family firms in Indonesia as consideration of management policy formulation that can improve managerial ability.Originality/valueThis research provides new evidence if founding-family firms promote lower managerial ability in emerging market such Indonesian market where family businesses are the root of private businesses which have a major contribution to economics.

IL-17 in the Pathogenesis of Disease: Good Intentions Gone Awry

The IL-17 family is an evolutionarily old cytokine family consisting of six members (IL-17A through IL-17F). IL-17 family cytokines signal through heterodimeric receptors that include the shared IL-17RA subunit, which is widely expressed throughout the body on both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells. The founding family member, IL-17A, is usually referred to as IL-17 and has received the most attention for proinflammatory roles in autoimmune diseases like psoriasis. However, IL-17 is associated with a wide array of diseases with perhaps surprisingly variable pathologies. This review focuses on recent advances in the roles of IL-17 during health and in disease pathogenesis. To decipher the functions of IL-17 in diverse disease processes it is useful to first consider the physiological functions that IL-17 contributes to health. We then discuss how these beneficial functions can be diverted toward pathogenic amplification of deleterious pathways driving chronic disease. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Immunology, Volume 39 is April 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Ownership Structures

This chapter details how ownership structures evolved, starting from the early stages of a company to unfolding over time as ownership invariably passed on from one generation to another. Examples are offered on how and under what circumstances companies go public and how founders recruit new owners when ready to pass on the company. Specifically covered are single ownership and family ownership. To provide ownership stability and ownership control, the text describes efforts to keep control within the founding family, ways of passing ownership on to another family, and the process of shareholder agreements. Examples are provided on how companies recruit new owners and how companies approach the decision to go public vs. remaining privately owned.