Investigating the Role of Conceptual Understanding on How Students Watch an Experimental Video Using Eye-Tracking

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-106
Author(s):  
Sevil Akaygun ◽  
Emine Adadan
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Experimental Video

Perceiving Events in Simulated Environments: The Role of Expectation Driven Processes

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin Pierce ◽  
Shulan Lu ◽  
Derek Harter
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Real World ◽  
Grounded Cognition ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Perceptual Features ◽  
Simulated Environments ◽  
Event Representations

Recent evidence suggests that when observing real-world events involving humans, people constantly monitor perceptual features that guide conceptual understanding of ongoing events. The current work asks if people monitor and interpret perceptual features (risks) differently when viewing events involving virtual characters in simulated environments. This investigation stems from theories of grounded cognition, which maintain that the environment in which cognitive processes take place affects the characters of the processes. An eye-tracking study was conducted. The results provide evidence that when perceiving events in simulated environments, people perform expectation driven processing more extensively, and that there is a temporal lag of monitoring perceptual features and integrating them into ongoing event representations.

Social Development and Police Reform: Some Reflections on the Concept and Purpose of Policing and the Implications for Reform in the UK and USA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Williams ◽  
Craig Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
Police Reform ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Common Understanding

Abstract The increase in calls for police reform following the death of George Floyd has led to renewed debate about social inequality and the role of policing in society. Modern bureaucratic police systems emerged from locally administered structures and Anglo-American policing models continue to be aligned, to varying degrees, with the political, socio-cultural, legal, and ideological aspects of contemporary liberal democratic society with its emphasis on democratic localism and decentralised accountability. However, at a time when society is reimagining itself and technology, government, and nations are radically re-shaping themselves, a critical question is whether there is a sufficiently common philosophical and conceptual understanding of policing to support its development rather than just a common understanding of police functions. This is profoundly important when considering the current calls for reform of policing in the USA and other western democratic states. The article argues that there is an urgent need to reconsider how we conceptualize policing and its relationship with social development.

Seeking attention: an eye tracking study of in-store merchandise displays

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 561-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Huddleston ◽  
Bridget K. Behe ◽  
Stella Minahan ◽  
R. Thomas Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Product Information ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
First Time ◽  
Tracking Technology

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the role that visual measures of attention to product and information and price display signage have on purchase intention. The authors assessed the effect of visual attention to the product, information or price sign on purchase intention, as measured by likelihood to buy. Design/methodology/approach – The authors used eye-tracking technology to collect data from Australian and US garden centre customers, who viewed eight plant displays in which the signs had been altered to show either price or supplemental information (16 images total). The authors compared the role of visual attention to price and information sign, and the role of visual attention to the product when either sign was present on likelihood to buy. Findings – Overall, providing product information on a sign without price elicited higher likelihood to buy than providing a sign with price. The authors found a positive relationship between visual attention to price on the display sign and likelihood to buy, but an inverse relationship between visual attention to information and likelihood to buy. Research limitations/implications – An understanding of the attention-capturing power of merchandise display elements, especially signs, has practical significance. The findings will assist retailers in creating more effective and efficient display signage content, for example, featuring the product information more prominently than the price. The study was conducted on a minimally packaged product, live plants, which may reduce the ability to generalize findings to other product types. Practical implications – The findings will assist retailers in creating more effective and efficient display signage content. The study used only one product category (plants) which may reduce the ability to generalize findings to other product types. Originality/value – The study is one of the first to use eye-tracking in a macro-level, holistic investigation of the attention-capturing value of display signage information and its relationship to likelihood to buy. Researchers, for the first time, now have the ability to empirically test the degree to which attention and decision-making are linked.

scholarly journals Children do not overcome lexical biases where adults do: the role of the referential scene in garden-path recovery

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVAN KIDD ◽  
ANDREW J. STEWART ◽  
LUDOVICA SERRATRICE
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Test Sentence ◽  
Visual World ◽  
Garden Path ◽  
Initial Analysis ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Scene Information ◽  
Lexical Cues

ABSTRACTIn this paper we report on a visual world eye-tracking experiment that investigated the differing abilities of adults and children to use referential scene information during reanalysis to overcome lexical biases during sentence processing. The results showed that adults incorporated aspects of the referential scene into their parse as soon as it became apparent that a test sentence was syntactically ambiguous, suggesting they considered the two alternative analyses in parallel. In contrast, the children appeared not to reanalyze their initial analysis, even over shorter distances than have been investigated in prior research. We argue that this reflects the children's over-reliance on bottom-up, lexical cues to interpretation. The implications for the development of parsing routines are discussed.

The ethics of experimental research employing intrusive technologies in tourism: A collaborative ethnography perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 146735842199389
Author(s):  
Aaron Tham ◽  
Vikki Schaffer ◽  
Laura Sinay
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Experimental Setting ◽  
Approval Process ◽  
Dichotomous Outcome ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality ◽  
Collaborative Ethnography

This study probes the ethics of intrusive technologies for experimental research in tourism, through the lens of collaborative ethnography. Amidst the increasing uptake of technology to assess participant responses, the role of ethics in an experimental setting has received scant attention in tourism and hospitality. While intrusive technologies such as eye tracking, skin sensors and neuroscience headgear become more ubiquitous, the ethical boundaries of using such equipment are increasingly blurred and inconsistently approved. Seeking convergence of ethics concerning intrusive technologies is complicated when framing political spaces, target audiences and management of data obtained. Rather than view the role of intrusive technologies as a dichotomous outcome of ethical or unethical approaches, this paper argues that ethics needs to be contextually embedded with increased collaboration and co-creation in the application preparation and approval process.

Citrate chelation as a potential mechanism against aluminum toxicity in cells: the role of calmodulin

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 1167-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles G. Suhayda ◽  
Alfred Haug
Keyword(s):  
Circular Dichroism ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Hydrophobic Surface ◽  
Native Structure ◽  
Calcium Calmodulin Dependent ◽  
Α Helix ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Circular Dichroïsm

At a molar excess of [citrate]/[aluminum], this organic acid can protect calmodulin from aluminum binding if the metal is presented to the protein in stoichiometric micromolar quantities, as judged by fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Similar citrate concentrations are also capable of fully restoring calmodulin's hydrophobic surface exposure to that of the native protein when calmodulin was initially damaged by aluminum binding. Fluoride anions are equally effective in restoring calmodulin's native structure as determined by fluorescence spectroscopy. Measurements of the kinetics of citrate-mediated aluminum removal also indicated that the metal ions are completely removed from calmodulin, consistent with results derived from atomic absorption experiments. On the other hand, results from circular dichroism studies indicated that citrate-mediated aluminum removal from calmodulin can only partially restore the α-helix content to that originally present in apocalmodulin or in calcium–calmodulin, dependent upon the absence or presence of calcium ions. The results that chelators like citrate can protect calmodulin from aluminum injury may provide a conceptual understanding of physiological observations regarding aluminum-tolerant plant species which are generally rich in certain organic acids.

scholarly journals "Deus semper maior" or theodicy of Erycha River

2018 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Bogdan Teodorovich Zavidniak
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Concept Of God ◽  
Spiritual World ◽  
Analogia Entis

This article examines Erich Przywara‘s conceptual understanding of the proofs for the existence of God. It also interprets the proofs of God’s existence. Тhe concept of God in the philosophy of Przywara is considered by exploring the nature of the relations between the transcendent sphere of God and the spiritual world of the human person. From the point of view of historiography, the role of the book “The Analogia entis” by Przywara is highlighted.

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