scholarly journals Textile as Material in Human Built Environment Interaction

2021 ◽  
pp. 215-225
Author(s):  
Preben Hansen ◽  
Vesna Grujoska ◽  
Milica Jovanoska
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Interaction Design ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Significant Issue ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Critical Literature

AbstractAs human population grows in number, the amount of (organic and non-organic) waste materials has grown rapidly year by year.Changes of consumption and lifestyle have generated a higher waste amount. Waste management has become a significant issue in today’s society. In 2014, the EU countries registered 2.494 million tons of generated waste, which was an increase in growth of 2.8% compared with data from 2008. Different renewable materials are ending up as waste, such as glass, paper, plastic, textile, which may be used in a recycling process. This chapter will discuss these challenges with the focus on one of these materials, textiles, as building materials.We also introduce the perspective of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) aspects, and especially Human-Built Environment Interaction which will give some specific focus on textiles used as recycled materials. The result of the critical literature review in the area of textiles as building material from an HCI point of view suggest a set of interaction design dimensions that can be considered and applied on the usage of textiles for built environments.

scholarly journals Blizzard City: Built Environment and Civilization in Antarctica, 1911-1961

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alex Moffat-Wood
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Terra Nova

<p>This thesis investigates four Antarctic built environments between 1911 and 1961: Robert Falcon Scott’s 1910-1912 Terra Nova expedition base at Cape Evans, Ross Island; Sir Douglas Mawson’s 1911-1914 Australasian Antarctic Expedition base at Commonwealth Bay; Australia’s Mawson Station in MacRobertson Land, founded in 1954; and New Zealand’s Scott Base, also on Ross Island, founded in 1957. Examining unpublished and published diaries of expeditioners, government files and newspaper reports, this thesis demonstrates that, to the expeditioners who built and occupied them, these places created protective bastions of civilization in an extreme environment. It investigates what residents and architects (figurative and literal) thought and felt about these blizzard cities, their meaning and significance. In doing so, this study reinforces, extends, and at times challenges broader conceptions of built environment, nature, civilization, Antarctica, and their thicket of interrelationships. The first two chapters – one focused on the Heroic Era and the second on the post-WWII bases – argue that Antarctic built environments were embattled, modern sanctuaries. The extreme environment of Antarctica also demonstrated to expeditioners that built environment had plasticity, which challenged the expeditioners’ expectation of built environment being stable, durable, and impermeable. Chapter three argues that Antarctic built environment allowed expeditioners to create civilization in the wilderness, in a variety of ways. Through examining facets of occupation such as etiquette and international cooperation, the chapter argues that civilization took many forms, not all of them positive from the expeditioners’ point-of-view.</p>

Possibilities of Hydrophobization of Thermo-Insulating Materials Based on Natural Resources

2014 ◽  
Vol 897 ◽  
pp. 153-156
Author(s):  
Jiri Zach ◽  
Jitka Peterková ◽  
Nikol Žižková
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Mineral Wool ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact

Current times emphasize utilization of new and promising building materials with no negative environmental impact, for reasonable price and with excellent end-use properties. Insulation materials based on natural fibers represent a good alternative for current standardly used insulation materials like foamed plastic materials and mineral wool. Input materials for such industrial insulation materials are particularly crude oil and non-renewable natural resources (moreover, manufacture of these insulation materials consumes high amount of energy). From this point of view, natural insulation materials are more advantageous, because their manufacture uses easily renewable materials resources, like fibers from agriculture (flax, technical hemp). However, these materials have two disadvantages higher sensitivity to humidity (higher water absorbing capacity and hygroscopic nature) and worse reaction to fire. The paper deals with selection of appropriate hydrophobic agent preventing high sensitivity to humidity of developed natural materials and monitoring of moisture content after application of hydrophobized materials within the frame of the ETICS system.

scholarly journals Blizzard City: Built Environment and Civilization in Antarctica, 1911-1961

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alex Moffat-Wood
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Terra Nova

<p>This thesis investigates four Antarctic built environments between 1911 and 1961: Robert Falcon Scott’s 1910-1912 Terra Nova expedition base at Cape Evans, Ross Island; Sir Douglas Mawson’s 1911-1914 Australasian Antarctic Expedition base at Commonwealth Bay; Australia’s Mawson Station in MacRobertson Land, founded in 1954; and New Zealand’s Scott Base, also on Ross Island, founded in 1957. Examining unpublished and published diaries of expeditioners, government files and newspaper reports, this thesis demonstrates that, to the expeditioners who built and occupied them, these places created protective bastions of civilization in an extreme environment. It investigates what residents and architects (figurative and literal) thought and felt about these blizzard cities, their meaning and significance. In doing so, this study reinforces, extends, and at times challenges broader conceptions of built environment, nature, civilization, Antarctica, and their thicket of interrelationships. The first two chapters – one focused on the Heroic Era and the second on the post-WWII bases – argue that Antarctic built environments were embattled, modern sanctuaries. The extreme environment of Antarctica also demonstrated to expeditioners that built environment had plasticity, which challenged the expeditioners’ expectation of built environment being stable, durable, and impermeable. Chapter three argues that Antarctic built environment allowed expeditioners to create civilization in the wilderness, in a variety of ways. Through examining facets of occupation such as etiquette and international cooperation, the chapter argues that civilization took many forms, not all of them positive from the expeditioners’ point-of-view.</p>

scholarly journals Simulating the effects of redesigned street-scale built environments on access/egress pedestrian flows to metro stations

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Liu ◽  
Dujuan Yang ◽  
Harry J. P. Timmermans ◽  
Bauke de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Route Choice ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Destination Choice ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Renewal Processes ◽  
City Center ◽  
Metro Station ◽  
Route Choice Behavior ◽  
The City

AbstractIn urban renewal processes, metro line systems are widely used to accommodate the massive traffic needs and stimulate the redevelopment of the local area. The route choice of pedestrians, emanating from or going to the metro stations, is influenced by the street-scale built environment. Many renewal processes involve the improvement of the street-level built environment and thus influence pedestrian flows. To assess the effects of urban design on pedestrian flows, this article presents the results of a simulation model of pedestrian route choice behavior around Yingkoudao metro station in the city center of Tianjin, China. Simulated pedestrian flows based on 4 scenarios of changes in street-scale built environment characteristics are compared. Results indicate that the main streets are disproportionally more affected than smaller streets. The promotion of an intensified land use mix does not lead to a high increase in the number of pedestrians who choose the involved route when traveling from/to the metro station, assuming fixed destination choice.

scholarly journals GHG emissions in KG-CO2 / M2 generated by a House Type INFONAVIT

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-23
Author(s):  
Humberto Aceves-Gutierrez ◽  
Oscar López-Chávez ◽  
Santa Magdalena Mercado-Ibarra ◽  
Cesar Alejandro Contreras-Quintanar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Iso 14040 ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
The Earth

Climate change is one of the main current problems, it concerns the entire human population since its effects are worldwide, especially now we have seen its consequences, according to Menghi (2007), the average global temperatures grew by more than 0.5 ° C in the last century, and the glaciers are disappearing from the earth. The greenhouse effect generated mainly by the gases of the same name (GHG), is the fundamental factor of climate change. Construction is one of the ways in which the human being contaminates in a constant way this due to urban growth and the demand for infrastructure that this generates. This research has the purpose of determining the KG-CO2 / M2 generated by a 44 m2 house of interest type INFONAVIT using the Life Cycle methodology (ACV) of the products or materials, established in ISO 14040, employee an inventory of KG-CO2 emissions from building materials, obtained from various bibliographic sources and databases and using the work volumes required to build the house. The results obtained of 161.57 Kg-CO2 / M2.

scholarly journals BIOBASED ECONOMY AVAILABLE BIOMASS RESOURCES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Zdenek Wegscheider ◽  
Mojmir Sabolovic
Keyword(s):  
Human Population ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Biobased Materials ◽  
Biobased Economy

During the past two decades academia, industry and government have aimed more and more their attention to the phenomenon of a biobased economy providing society with non‐food biobased products. Now developing are biomass industries that make an array of commercial products, including fuels, electricity, chemicals, adhesives, lubricants and building materials, as well as new clothing fibers and plastics. Instead of fossil resources “green” biobased economy uses renewable grown or waste biomass. The lead supplying role to the biobased economy is held by a sector of agriculture, above all the crop production. In this manner an effective limitation of food surplus may occur in the EU market and enhance a value added to all vertical industry. Industrial‐scale production of biobased materials in time with consumers’ changing attitudes towards sustainable economic and social development may affect a wide array of consequences which nowadays can be tediously estimated. Food safety along with food security is one of the hottest issues especially in the United States, knowing that human population and biobased economy compete in using and processing a broad range of agricultural crops. An energy analysis aspect of this caloric relationship among agricultural sector on the supply side and human population and biobased economy on the other – demand side is assumed to represent the principal aim of this study. Consequently, there is the need to evaluate whether a quantity of Czech Crop Output Total is possible to nourish the Czech population and whether there is an available caloric surplus suitable as a biomass resource for biobased economy which is actually taking root.

Designing for Democracy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Forestal
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Democratic Practice ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Democratic Spaces ◽  
Personalization Of Politics

Designing for Democracy addresses the question of how to “fix” digital technologies for democracy by examining how the design of the built environment (whether streets, sidewalks, or social media platforms) informs how, and whether, citizens can engage in democratic practices. “Democratic spaces”—built environments that support democratic politics—must have three characteristics: they must be clearly bounded, durable, and flexible. Each corresponds to a necessary democratic practice. Clearly bounded spaces make it easier to recognize what we share and with whom we share; they help us form communities. Durable spaces facilitate our attachments to the communities they house and the other members within them; they help us sustain communities. And flexible spaces facilitate the experimental habits required for democratic politics; they help us improve our communities. These three practices—recognition, attachment, and experimentalism—are the affordances a built environment must provide in order to be a “democratic space”; they are the criteria to which designers and users should be attentive when building and inhabiting the spaces of the built environment, both physical and digital. Using this theoretical framework, Designing for Democracy provides new insights into the democratic potential of digital technologies. Through extended discussions of examples like Facebook, Twitter, and Reddit, it suggests architectural responses to problems often associated with digital technologies—loose networks, the “personalization of politics,” and “echo chambers.” In connecting the built environment, digital technologies, and democratic theory, Designing Democracy provides blueprints for democracy in a digital age.

Developing Environmentally Sustainable and Cost-Effective Geopolymer Concrete with Improved Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13607
Author(s):  
Alexey N. Beskopylny ◽  
Sergey A. Stel’makh ◽  
Evgenii M. Shcherban’ ◽  
Levon R. Mailyan ◽  
Besarion Meskhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Capital Construction

Improving the efficiency and quality of construction mainly depends on the cost of building materials, which is about 55–65% of total capital-construction costs. The study aimed to obtain geopolymer fine-grained concrete with improved quality characteristics that meet the construction field’s sustainable development criteria and that have environmental friendliness, economic efficiency, and advantages over competing analogues. The dependences of strength characteristics on various compositions of geopolymer concrete were obtained. It was found that the most effective activator is a composition of NaOH and Na2SiO3 with a ratio of 1:2. The increase in the indicators of the obtained geopolymer concrete from the developed composition (4A) in relation to the base control (1X) was 17% in terms of compressive strength and 24% in tensile strength in bending. Polynomial equations were obtained showing the dependence of the change in the strength characteristics of geopolymer concrete on the individual influence of each of the activators. A significant effect of the composition of the alkaline activator on the strength characteristics of geopolymer fine-grained concrete was noted. The optimal temperature range of heat treatment of geopolymer concrete samples, contributing to the positive kinetics of compressive strength gain at the age of 28 days, was determined. The main technological and recipe parameters for obtaining geopolymers with the desired properties, which meet the ecology requirements and are efficient from the point of view of economics, were determined.

Interaction Design Principles for Web Emergency Management Information Systems

2013 ◽  
pp. 113-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Onorati ◽  
Alessio Malizia ◽  
Paloma Díaz ◽  
Ignacio Aedo
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Interaction Design ◽  
Management Information Systems ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Management Information ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Task List

The interaction design for web emergency management information systems (WEMIS) is an important aspect to keep in mind due to the criticality of the domain: decision making, updating available resources, defining a task list, and trusting in proposed information. A common interaction design strategy for WEMIS seems to be needed, but currently there are few references in literature. The aim of this study is to contribute to this lack with a set of interactive principles for WEMIS. From the emergency point of view, existing WEMIS have been analyzed to extract common features and to design interactive principles for emergency. Furthermore, the authors studied design principles extracted from a well-known (DERMIS) model relating them to emergency phases and features. The result proposed here is a set of design principles for supporting interactive properties for WEMIS. Finally, two case studies have been considered as applications of proposed design principles.

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