scholarly journals BIOBASED ECONOMY AVAILABLE BIOMASS RESOURCES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Zdenek Wegscheider ◽  
Mojmir Sabolovic
Keyword(s):  
Human Population ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Biobased Materials ◽  
Biobased Economy

During the past two decades academia, industry and government have aimed more and more their attention to the phenomenon of a biobased economy providing society with non‐food biobased products. Now developing are biomass industries that make an array of commercial products, including fuels, electricity, chemicals, adhesives, lubricants and building materials, as well as new clothing fibers and plastics. Instead of fossil resources “green” biobased economy uses renewable grown or waste biomass. The lead supplying role to the biobased economy is held by a sector of agriculture, above all the crop production. In this manner an effective limitation of food surplus may occur in the EU market and enhance a value added to all vertical industry. Industrial‐scale production of biobased materials in time with consumers’ changing attitudes towards sustainable economic and social development may affect a wide array of consequences which nowadays can be tediously estimated. Food safety along with food security is one of the hottest issues especially in the United States, knowing that human population and biobased economy compete in using and processing a broad range of agricultural crops. An energy analysis aspect of this caloric relationship among agricultural sector on the supply side and human population and biobased economy on the other – demand side is assumed to represent the principal aim of this study. Consequently, there is the need to evaluate whether a quantity of Czech Crop Output Total is possible to nourish the Czech population and whether there is an available caloric surplus suitable as a biomass resource for biobased economy which is actually taking root.

scholarly journals Growing climatic sensitivity of U.S. agriculture linked to technological change and regional specialization

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. eaat4343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Ortiz-Bobea ◽  
Erwin Knippenberg ◽  
Robert G. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Specialty Crops ◽  
Regional Specialization ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Sensitivity

A pressing question for climate change adaptation is whether ongoing transformations of the agricultural sector affect its ability to cope with climatic variations. We examine this question in the United States, where major increases in productivity have fueled most of agricultural production growth over the past half-century. To quantify the evolving climate sensitivity of the sector and identify its sources, we combine state-level measures of agricultural productivity with detailed climate data for 1960–2004. We find that agriculture is growing more sensitive to climate in Midwestern states for two distinct but compounding reasons: a rising climatic sensitivity of nonirrigated cereal and oilseed crops and a growing specialization in crop production. In contrast, other regions specialize in less climate-sensitive production such as irrigated specialty crops or livestock. Results suggest that reducing vulnerability to climate change should consider the role of policies in inducing regional specialization.

scholarly journals Economic Contributions of the Green Industry in the United States in 2007–08

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 628-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan W. Hodges ◽  
Charles R. Hall ◽  
Marco A. Palma
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Green Industry ◽  
Total Sales ◽  
The U.S

Economic contributions of the green industry in each state of the United States were estimated for 2007–08 using regional economic multipliers, together with information on horticulture product sales, employment, and payroll reported by the U.S. Economic Census and a nursery industry survey. Total sales revenues for all sectors were $176.11 billion, direct output was $117.40 billion, and total output impacts, including indirect and induced regional economic multiplier effects of nonlocal output, were $175.26 billion. The total value added impact was $107.16 billion, including employee compensation, proprietor (business owner) income, other property income, and indirect business taxes paid to state/local and federal governments. The industry had direct employment of 1.20 million full-time and part-time jobs and total employment impacts of 1.95 million jobs in the broader economy. The largest individual industry sectors in terms of employment and value added impacts were Landscaping services (1,075,343 jobs, $50.3 billion), Nursery and greenhouse production (436,462 jobs, $27.1 billion), and Building materials and garden equipment and supplies stores (190,839 jobs, $9.7 billion). The top 10 individual states in terms of employment contributions were California (257,885 jobs), Florida (188,437 jobs), Texas (82,113 jobs), North Carolina (81,113 jobs), Ohio (79,707 jobs), Pennsylvania (75,604 jobs), New Jersey (67,993 jobs), Illinois (67,382 jobs), Georgia (66,042 jobs), and Virginia (58,677 jobs). The total value added of the U.S. green industry represented 0.76% of U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2007, and up to 1.60% of GDP in individual states. On the basis of a similar previous study for 2002 (Hall et al., 2006), total sales of horticultural products and services in 2007–08 increased by 3.5%, and total output impacts increased by 29.2%, or an average annual rate of 5.8% in inflation-adjusted terms.

scholarly journals Advisory support for organizational components of production management and bioethanol use

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 308 (6) ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Anatolii Ivanko ◽  
Yurii Bakun ◽  
Olha Khaietska ◽  
Mykhailo Ksenofontov
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Energy Independence ◽  
Business Conditions

The purpose of the article is to consider of organizational components of management production and bioethanol use and peculiarities of advisory support of indicated processes. Research methods - the theoretical basis of the article was the dialectical method of cognition and systematic method for advisory support of production management and bioethanol use processes. The results of research have been obtained via use such main methods as analysis and generalization. Using the analyses method a comparison of individual organizational components of process of production management and bioethanol use was made. Based on the method of generalization, four more significant groups of organizational components of management are identified and the features of information and consulting support for their implementation are identified. Research results. The expediency of deepening the coordination at different levels of government in Ukraine of the processes development of bioethanol production and use is proved, which is due to such main factors: the preservation of crop production as a traditional type of economic activity, the intensification of efforts to ensure state energy independence by increasing the production of alternative renewable fuels and increase the level of value-added in the agricultural sector. The set of organizational components of management along the chains of bioethanol production and use with the allocation of four basic ones is summarized. The importance of information and consulting support for the organizational components of the bioethanol production and use was emphasized, which will become a prerequisite for increasing the production of this type of alternative renewable fuel. Scientific novelty. As a results of the generalization, four groups of basic organizational components for managing of the processes of bioethanol production and use have been distinguished: institutional, organizational and economic, organizational and technical, organizational and structural. The grounding and implementation of management decisions on the bioethanol production and use is proposed to be carried out on the basis of an alternative approach with the choice of individual organizational components of management, which are more appropriate in specific business conditions. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used to formulate strategic and program documents for managing the processes of bioethanol production and use. The effect of their implementation can be assessed by multilevel indicators. At the business level, the effect can be determined by: assessing the volume of bioethanol production and saving costs from the use of bioethanol in performing of economic operations. At the macroeconomic level, the effect can be determined by the level of decrease in dependence on imported energy supplies, by the increase in the level of added value in the agrarian sector and so on. Tabl.: 2. Figs.: 4. Refs.: 23.

scholarly journals Memoir and Farming Structures under Soil-Less Culture (Hydroponic Farming) and the Applicability for Africa: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret S. Gumisiriza ◽  
Patrick A. Ndakidemi ◽  
Ernest R. Mbega
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Address Climate Change

Agriculture is the economic back-borne of majority of developing countries worldwide. The sector employs over 50% of the working population and contributes about 33% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in majority of African states. However, such contribution by the agricultural sector is likely to be affected by climate change, increasing human population and urbanization which impact on available agricultural land in various ways. There is thus an urgent need for developing countries to create or adopt technologies such as; soil-less farming that will not only address climate change challenges but also enhance crop production for improved food security. This paper reviews the science, origin, dynamics and farming systems under the soil-less agriculture precisely hydroponic farming to assist in widening the scope of knowledge of the hydroponic technologies and their implementation in Africa.

scholarly journals Water Savings of Crop Redistribution in the United States

Water ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Davis ◽  
Antonio Seveso ◽  
Maria Rulli ◽  
Paolo D’Odorico
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Agricultural Regions

Demographic growth, changes in diet, and reliance on first-generation biofuels are increasing the human demand for agricultural products, thereby enhancing the human pressure on global freshwater resources. Recent research on the food-water nexus has highlighted how some major agricultural regions of the world lack the water resources required to sustain current growth trends in crop production. To meet the increasing need for agricultural commodities with limited water resources, the water use efficiency of the agricultural sector must be improved. In this regard, recent work indicates that the often overlooked strategy of changing the crop distribution within presently cultivated areas offers promise. Here we investigate the extent to which water in the United States could be saved while improving yields simply by replacing the existing crops with more suitable ones. We propose crop replacement criteria that achieve this goal while preserving crop diversity, economic value, nitrogen fixation, and food protein production. We find that in the United States, these criteria would greatly improve calorie (+46%) and protein (+34%) production and economic value (+208%), with 5% water savings with respect to the present crop distribution. Interestingly, greater water savings could be achieved in water-stressed agricultural regions of the US such as California (56% water savings), and other western states.

scholarly journals Agricultural Productions and Its Implications on Economic Growth in Ivory Coast: The Use of the Econometric Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Kouakou Kouakou Paul-Alfred
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Food Crop Production ◽  
Econometric Approach

The objective of this article is to assess the effect of the agricultural sector on the economic growth in Ivory Coast.The data used are those of the World Bank and cover the period from 1985 to 2015. The analysis of the data required the use of the AutoRegressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). It emerges from this study that there is a positive and significant relationship between manufacturing agriculture and economic growth in the short and long term. On the other hand, the food-crop production has a negative effect on GDP, even if it is significant. The variable of interest such as agricultural investment has a positive and significant effect on economic development, while cash crop production have a positive but not significant effect on long-term economic growth. Therefore, in view of these results, the State must promote the processing of agricultural products in order to create more value added.

Particular Forms of Management of Agro – Industrial Complex in the Sustainable Development of Agriculture

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 639
Author(s):  
Baglan AIMURZINA ◽  
Mazken KAMENOVA ◽  
Ainura OMAROVA ◽  
Galina PESTUNOVA ◽  
Ainur KARIPOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
The Impact

In this paper it is noted that the important problem of the existing economic relations in the agrarian sphere is the choice of forms of management. The practice of reforms in agriculture has shown that more than 80% of gross output in Kazakhstan is currently produced by "households" and peasant (farmer) farms which provides further increase in the production of agricultural products namely crop production and increase its economic efficiency. Currently the agricultural sector has a tendency to small-scale production. As the situation has shown one of the main factors negatively influencing investment activity is financial instability of the majority of agricultural producers, low level of its profitability and significant risks.  Factors of low profit growth of the agricultural sector are related to the peculiarities of demand for agricultural products and seasonality of production in this industry. The analysis of the structure of gross agricultural production of the Republic of Kazakhstan by categories of farms, the returnability of agricultural production for 2012-2016 shows the impact of the price and yield of grain on the level of farm income. Proposals for further improvement of grain pricing are given.

scholarly journals Remote Sensing in Agriculture—Accomplishments, Limitations, and Opportunities

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 3783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Khanal ◽  
Kushal KC ◽  
John P. Fulton ◽  
Scott Shearer ◽  
Erdal Ozkan
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Warning System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Agricultural Community ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Production Stages

Remote sensing (RS) technologies provide a diagnostic tool that can serve as an early warning system, allowing the agricultural community to intervene early on to counter potential problems before they spread widely and negatively impact crop productivity. With the recent advancements in sensor technologies, data management and data analytics, currently, several RS options are available to the agricultural community. However, the agricultural sector is yet to implement RS technologies fully due to knowledge gaps on their sufficiency, appropriateness and techno-economic feasibilities. This study reviewed the literature between 2000 to 2019 that focused on the application of RS technologies in production agriculture, ranging from field preparation, planting, and in-season applications to harvesting, with the objective of contributing to the scientific understanding on the potential for RS technologies to support decision-making within different production stages. We found an increasing trend in the use of RS technologies in agricultural production over the past 20 years, with a sharp increase in applications of unmanned aerial systems (UASs) after 2015. The largest number of scientific papers related to UASs originated from Europe (34%), followed by the United States (20%) and China (11%). Most of the prior RS studies have focused on soil moisture and in-season crop health monitoring, and less in areas such as soil compaction, subsurface drainage, and crop grain quality monitoring. In summary, the literature highlighted that RS technologies can be used to support site-specific management decisions at various stages of crop production, helping to optimize crop production while addressing environmental quality, profitability, and sustainability.

scholarly journals Recovery Plan for Laurel Wilt of Avocado, Caused by Raffaelea lauricola

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Ploetz ◽  
M. A. Hughes ◽  
P. E. Kendra ◽  
S. W. Fraedrich ◽  
D. Carrillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Laurel Wilt ◽  
Recovery Plan ◽  
Raffaelea Lauricola ◽  
The Impact

Laurel wilt kills American members of the Lauraceae plant family, including avocado (Persea americana). The disease threatens commercial production in the United States and other countries, and currently impacts the avocado industry in Florida. As laurel wilt spreads, the National Germplasm Repository for avocado in Miami (USDA-ARS) and commercial and residential production in other states (e.g., California and Hawaii), U.S. protectorates (Puerto Rico), and other countries are at risk. In the United States, value-added production of avocado of more than $1.3 billion/year is threatened. This recovery plan was produced as part of the National Plant Disease Recovery System (NPDRS), called for in Homeland Security Presidential Directive Number 9 (HSPD-9) to insure that the tools, infrastructure, communication networks, and capacity required to mitigate the impact of high-consequence plant disease outbreaks are such that a reasonable level of crop production is maintained. It is intended to provide a brief primer on the disease, assess the status of critical recovery components, and identify disease management research, extension, and education needs.

scholarly journals Formation of agrarian component of Ukrainian commodity exports

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
Nataliia Samarets ◽  
Svitlana Nuzhna
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
The World

Introduction. The active movement of Ukraine towards integration into the world economy, the liberalization of customs regimes, the expansion of sales markets and the introduction of innovations have created new prospects for the progress of the production of exports-oriented agricultural products. Foreign economic activity plays a significant role in the economy of the country, affects its internal dynamics and competitiveness, so the research of trends in the formation of commodity exports are of current importance.  Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to research the dynamics of progress and the current state of the agricultural sector of the economy of Ukraine in the field of crop production, the contribution to it of the main categories of farms and the role of the agricultural sector in the formation of the exports potential of the country. For the solvation of this problem, a number of statistical materials, scientific publications and Internet resources on the indicators of production activities of agricultural enterprises were used, the methods of mathematical statistics and economic and mathematical modeling were applied. Results. The conducted researches allowed to evaluate the contribution of the main categories of farms to crop production in 2010-2017. To estimate the distribution of land between agricultural enterprises the Lorenz curve was constructed, the Gini coefficient and the Hoover index were calculated. Calculations showed that 81.5% of enterprises had 13.4% of the total land area,  and in order to achieve an equal distribution of land between enterprises, it is necessary to redistribute 68% of the land areas. It has been established that in the agricultural sector of Ukraine there is a polarization in the production of agricultural products – small-scale forms of management dominate in the production of labor-intensive and low-income goods, while products of powerful agricultural enterprises have a high yield and low labor intensity. One of the leading places in crop production is the cultivation of sunflower due to its high profitability. Linear and multiplicative regression models of dependence of the volume of sunflower production. It was determined that high levels in the structure of commodity exports of Ukraine belong to sunflower oil, wheat, corn, barley, rapeseed and soybeans, and it was noted the important role of agricultural holdings in forming the exports potential. Conclusions. Agricultural enterprises, in particular, holdings, which have more opportunities than households for increasing their production through the introduction of innovations and the scale of production play a growing role in the production of agricultural products . Ukraine makes a significant contribution to global food security, but its position in the world markets as a producer and supplier of raw materials is fixed. Exports of goods with a low level of added value largely depend on fluctuations in world prices, which contributes to the sensitivity of the domestic economy to external negative trends, therefore, Ukrainian commodity exports need to diversify and increase the share of high technological value added goods.

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