scholarly journals The Science of Data, Data Science: Perversions and Possibilities in the Anthropocene Through a Spatial Justice Lens

2021 ◽  
pp. 183-199
Author(s):  
Travis Weiland
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Spatial Statistics ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Spatial Justice ◽  
The World

AbstractIn the Anthropocene statistics, data science, and mathematical models have become a perversion of reality that society has largely chosen to ignore and is embraced as a great savior because people often view numbers as objective purveyors of truth. However, numbers do not interpret themselves, they do not tell their own story; people do that in all their subjective glory. In this chapter, I start by making connections between the Anthropocene and the disciplines of statistics and data science specifically through the context of spatial data. From this discussion I focus on two main points, which I connect to education. The first is that there is a dialectic tension involved in spatial data enquiry between creating new realities using spatial data and using spatial data to make sense of our reality. The second point is that people can choose how to investigate and use spatial data based on their ethics. I believe students should have opportunities to investigate and use spatial statistics through a spatial justice lens both to learn about the world around them and to shape the world around them.

The 1972 UNESCO World Heritage Convention

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Strecker
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Spatial Justice ◽  
Landscape Governance ◽  
World Heritage Convention ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Conceptual Dependency ◽  
Landscape Protection

Chapter 5 analyses the evolving conception and protection of landscape in the World Heritage Convention. First, it traces the development of landscape protection from its early conceptual dependency on nature, to the incorporation of ‘cultural landscapes’ within the Convention’s scope in 1992. It then discusses the typology of cultural landscapes, issues of representativeness and the implications of the Word Heritage system for landscape protection globally, as well as locally. In this regard, a number of cases are analysed which, on the one hand, support the World Heritage Convention’s instrumental role in landscape governance, but which on the other, highlight the problems involved in ascribing World Heritage status to living landscapes from a spatial justice perspective.

Jewish Women’s Life and Practice in the World of the New Testament

2019 ◽  
pp. 219-237
Author(s):  
Tal Ilan
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Rabbinic Literature ◽  
Jewish Women ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Space ◽  
Gender Research ◽  
Politics And Religion ◽  
The World ◽  
The New Testament

The women of the New Testament were Jewish women, and for historians of the period their mention and status in the New Testament constitutes the missing link between the way women are portrayed in the Hebrew Bible and their changed status in rabbinic literature (Mishnah and Talmud). In this chapter, I examine how they fit into the Jewish concepts of womanhood. I examine various recognized categories that are relevant for gender research such as patriarchy, public and private space, law, politics, and religion. In each case I show how these affected Jewish women, and how the picture that emerges from the New Testament fits these categories.

Materialism and Legal Historiography, from Bachelard to Benjamin

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Christopher Tomlins
Keyword(s):  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Historical Materialism ◽  
First Century ◽  
Gaston Bachelard ◽  
Spatial Justice ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
New Materialisms ◽  
The World ◽  
Prime Elements ◽  
Cultural Turn

As the linguistic/cultural turn of the last fifty years has begun to ebb, sociolegal and legal-humanist scholarship has seen an accelerating return to materiality. This chapter asks what relationship may be forthcoming between the “new materialisms” and “vibrant matter” of recent years, and the older materialisms—both historical and literary, both Marxist and non-Marxist—that held sway prior to post-structuralism. What impact might such a relationship have on the forms, notably “spatial justice,” that materiality is assuming in contemporary legal studies? To attempt answers, the chapter turns to two figures from more than half a century ago: Gaston Bachelard—once famous, now mostly forgotten; and Walter Benjamin—once largely forgotten, now famous. A prolific and much-admired writer between 1930 and 1960, Bachelard pursued two trajectories of inquiry: a dialectical and materialist and historical (but non-Marxist) philosophy of science; and a poetics of the material imagination based on inquiry into the literary reception and representation of the prime elements—earth, water, fire, and air. Between the late 1920s and 1940, meanwhile, Benjamin developed an idiosyncratic but potent form of historical materialism dedicated to “arousing [the world] from its dream of itself.” The chapter argues that by mobilizing Bachelard and Benjamin for scholarship at the intersection of law and the humanities, old and new materialisms can be brought into a satisfying conjunction that simultaneously offers a poetics for spatial justice and lays a foundation for a materialist legal historiography for the twenty-first century.

scholarly journals Bringing the World to the Classroom: Teaching Statistics and Programming in a Project-Based Setting

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Cosima Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Classroom Teaching ◽  
Statistical Software ◽  
Inverted Classroom ◽  
Typical Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Virtual Classes ◽  
Teaching Statistics ◽  
Introductory Class

ABSTRACT This article introduces how to teach an interactive, one-semester-long statistics and programming class. The setting also can be applied to shorter and longer classes as well as introductory and advanced courses. I propose a project-based seminar that also encompasses elements of an inverted classroom. As a result of this combination, the seminar supports students’ learning progress and also creates engaging virtual classes. To demonstrate how to apply a project-based seminar setting to teaching statistics and programming classes, I use an introductory class to data wrangling and management with the statistical software program R. Students are guided through a typical data science workflow that requires data management and data wrangling and concludes with visualizing and presenting first research results during a simulated mini-conference.

scholarly journals Open Code is not enough: Towards a replicable future for geographic data science

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levi John Wolf ◽  
Sergio J. Rey ◽  
Taylor M. Oshan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Geospatial Cyberinfrastructure ◽  
Geographic Data ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Healthy Part

Open science practices are a large and healthy part of computational geography and the burgeoning field of spatial data science. In many forms, open geospatial cyberinfrastructure adheres to a varying and informal set of practices and codes that empower levels of collaboration that are impossible otherwise. Pathbreaking work in geographical sciences has explicitly brought these concepts into focus for our current model of open science in geography. In practice, however, these blend together into a somewhat ill-advised but easy-to-use working definition of open science: you know open science when you see it (on GitHub). However, open science lags far behind the needs revealed by this level of collaboration. In this paper, we describe the concerns of open geographic data science, in terms of replicability and open science. We discuss the practical techniques that engender community-building in open science communities, and discuss the impacts that these kinds of social changes have on the technological architecture of scientific infrastructure.

scholarly journals High visibility of outdoor tobacco advertisements around health facilities in East Java, Indonesia: a geospatial analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hario Megatsari ◽  
Ilham Akhsanu Ridlo ◽  
Dian Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Hotspot Analysis ◽  
Outdoor Advertising ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
The World ◽  
Advertising Ban ◽  
The City

BACKGROUND Indonesian tobacco control initiatives are minimal despite having the second-highest adult male smoking prevalence in the world, with less than 10% of districts/cities banning outdoor tobacco advertisements. This research aimed to provide evidence on the presence of outdoor tobacco advertisements near health facilities in Surabaya where there is no outdoor advertising ban. METHODS Data collection was carried out in Surabaya from October to November 2018. Data of government (public) and private health facilities were obtained from the city health office. Two spatial data analyses were carried out: a buffer analysis near the healthcare facilities and an advertisement hotspot analysis using ArcMap 10.6. RESULTS From 308 tobacco advertisements that were identified, there were billboards (63%), banners (31%), and videoboards (7%). Of 142 public and 1,242 private health facilities in Surabaya, 26% and 31% had advertisements within 300 m and 63% and 70% were within advertisement hotspots, respectively. Furthermore, 5% of advertisements were within 300 m from public health facilities and 21% of them were within 300 m from private health facilities. CONCLUSIONS Outdoor tobacco advertisements were widespread throughout the city, prominently around public and private health facilities.

scholarly journals INTEGRATION BETWEEN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE SPATIAL OBJECTS FOR DEVELOPING OMAN 3D SDI BASED ON THE CITYGML STANDARD

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W16 ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
K. Al Kalbani ◽  
A. Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Data Structure ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Infrastructure Management ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
3D City Models ◽  
Spatial Objects ◽  
The World ◽  
Geospatial Tools ◽  
City Models

Abstract. The paper investigates the capability to integrate the surface and subsurface 3D spatial objects data structure within the 3D spatial data infrastructure (3D SDI) based on the CityGML standards. In fact, a number of countries around the world have started applying the 3D city models for their planning and infrastructure management. While others are still working toward 3D SDI by using CityGML standards. Moreover, most of these initiatives focus on the surface spatial objects with less interest to model subsurface spatial objects. However, dealing with 3D SDI requires both surface and subsurface spatial objects with clear consideration on the issues and challenges in terms of the data structure. On the other hand, the study has used geospatial tools and databases such as FME, PostgreSQL-PostGIS, and 3D City Database to generate the 3D model and to test the capability for integrating the surface and subsurface 3D spatial objects data structure within the 3D SDI. This paper concludes by describing a framework that aims to integrate surface and subsurface 3D geospatial objects data structure in Oman SDI. The authors believe that there are possible solutions based on CityGML standards for surface and subsurface 3D spatial objects. Moreover, solving the issues in data structure can establish a better vision and open new avenues for the 3D SDI.

scholarly journals Understanding Urban Growth in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region over the Past 100 Years Using Old Maps and Landsat Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Li ◽  
Zhongqiu Sun ◽  
Yafei Wang ◽  
Yuxia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Remote Sensing Images ◽  
The Past ◽  
Old Maps ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

Studying urban expansion from a longer-term perspective is of great significance to obtain an in-depth understanding of the process of urbanization. Remote sensing data are mostly selected to investigate the long-term expansion of cities. In this study, we selected the world-class urban agglomeration of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) as the study area, and then discussed how to make full use of multi-source, multi-category, and multi-temporal spatial data (old maps and remote sensing images) to study long-term urbanization. Through this study, we addressed three questions: (1) How much has the urban area in BTH expanded in the past 100 years? (2) How did the urban area expand in the past century? (3) What factors or important historical events have changed the development of cities with different functions? By comprehensively using urban spatial data, such as old maps and remote sensing images, geo-referencing them, and extracting built-up area information, a long-term series of urban built-up areas in the BTH region can be obtained. Results show the following: (1) There was clear evidence of dramatic urban expansion in this area, and the total built-up area had increased by 55.585 times, from 126.181 km2 to 7013.832 km2. (2) Continuous outward expansion has always been the main trend, while the compactness of the built-up land within the city is constantly decreasing and the complexity of the city boundary is increasing. (3) Cities in BTH were mostly formed through the construction of city walls during the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the expansion process was mostly highly related to important political events, traffic development, and other factors. In summary, the BTH area, similarly to China and most regions of the world, has experienced rapid urbanization and the history of such ancient cities should be further preserved with the combined use of old maps.

CyberGIS and spatial data science

GeoJournal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 965-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaowen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Data Science
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