scholarly journals High visibility of outdoor tobacco advertisements around health facilities in East Java, Indonesia: a geospatial analysis

Author(s):  
Hario Megatsari ◽  
Ilham Akhsanu Ridlo ◽  
Dian Kusuma

BACKGROUND Indonesian tobacco control initiatives are minimal despite having the second-highest adult male smoking prevalence in the world, with less than 10% of districts/cities banning outdoor tobacco advertisements. This research aimed to provide evidence on the presence of outdoor tobacco advertisements near health facilities in Surabaya where there is no outdoor advertising ban. METHODS Data collection was carried out in Surabaya from October to November 2018. Data of government (public) and private health facilities were obtained from the city health office. Two spatial data analyses were carried out: a buffer analysis near the healthcare facilities and an advertisement hotspot analysis using ArcMap 10.6. RESULTS From 308 tobacco advertisements that were identified, there were billboards (63%), banners (31%), and videoboards (7%). Of 142 public and 1,242 private health facilities in Surabaya, 26% and 31% had advertisements within 300 m and 63% and 70% were within advertisement hotspots, respectively. Furthermore, 5% of advertisements were within 300 m from public health facilities and 21% of them were within 300 m from private health facilities. CONCLUSIONS Outdoor tobacco advertisements were widespread throughout the city, prominently around public and private health facilities.

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Lata Ghanshamnani ◽  
Ambily Adithyan ◽  
Shyamala K. Mani ◽  
Manisha Pradhan

Due to enhanced healthcare needs brought upon by the COVID-19 pandemic, the amount of biomedical waste generated has also increased manifold across the globe. With the world in global crisis due to the recent outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, it has put great pressure on the biomedical waste management system in India and around the world. To control the spread of the COVID-19 virus, proper disposal of the waste is essential to reduce any risk of secondary transmission. This paper investigates the situation of biomedical waste management in the city of Thane in Maharashtra due to the onset of COVID-19 and suggests some key recommendations to the policymakers to help handle biomedical waste from possible future pandemics. The study found that there was an 81% increase in the total biomedical waste (BMW) generation in 2020, when compared to 2019 and the yellow category waste from COVID-19 centres was the highest contributor to this waste. It was also found that though there was a slight increase in yellow category waste, the total biomedical waste from non- COVID healthcare facilities (HCFs) was comparable to that of the waste generated in HCFs during 2019, revealing that there was conscious reduction in the usage of single use PPEs at non- COVID HCFs. The city, despite owning a Central Biomedical Waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF), was dependent on another incinerator at the Hazardous Waste Management Treatment facility (HWTF) for treatment of the additional waste generated. Unforeseen situation like these, expose the vulnerability of our existing biomedical waste management system and reinforces the need for investing and improving them for strengthening preparedness in the future. The situation also demands periodic education on importance of source segregation and waste reduction through rational use, disinfection and disposal of PPEs.


Author(s):  
Syed Sharaf Ali Shah ◽  
Safdar Pasha ◽  
Nikhat Iftikar ◽  
Altaf Ahmed Soomro ◽  
Nazia Farrukh ◽  
...  

Objective: To assess the magnitude of the problem of injection safety in public and private health facilities in two districts of Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted between October and December 2020 among public and private health facilities of two districts of Pakistan: Gujarat in Punjab and Larkana in Sindh provinces. A convenient sample size of 60 healthcare facilities (30 from each district) was taken due to time and resource constraint. Six data collection tools were used which included structured observations and interviews with injection prescribers and providers based on WHO Revised Tool C, which were finalised after piloting. Results: Reuse of injection equipment was not observed in any of the 60 health facilities. In exit interviews of 120 patients, it was found that 27 (22.5%) patients reported receiving an injection, while 11 (9.2%) were prescribed intravenous (IV) drips. More injections and drips were prescribed in the private sector (n=15; 25.0%) in comparison with the public sector (n=12; 20.0%). Slightly higher proportion of IV drips were prescribed by the private providers when compared to public sector healthcare providers: 6 (10.0%) vs 5 (8.3%) respectively. Most of the prescribers (n=58; 96.7%) reported that patients who attended public and private health facilities demanded injectable medicines. Used syringes and drips were noted to be visible in open containers and buckets for final disposal in 20 (33.3%) assessed health facilities. Continuou...


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Li ◽  
Zhongqiu Sun ◽  
Yafei Wang ◽  
Yuxia Wang

Studying urban expansion from a longer-term perspective is of great significance to obtain an in-depth understanding of the process of urbanization. Remote sensing data are mostly selected to investigate the long-term expansion of cities. In this study, we selected the world-class urban agglomeration of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) as the study area, and then discussed how to make full use of multi-source, multi-category, and multi-temporal spatial data (old maps and remote sensing images) to study long-term urbanization. Through this study, we addressed three questions: (1) How much has the urban area in BTH expanded in the past 100 years? (2) How did the urban area expand in the past century? (3) What factors or important historical events have changed the development of cities with different functions? By comprehensively using urban spatial data, such as old maps and remote sensing images, geo-referencing them, and extracting built-up area information, a long-term series of urban built-up areas in the BTH region can be obtained. Results show the following: (1) There was clear evidence of dramatic urban expansion in this area, and the total built-up area had increased by 55.585 times, from 126.181 km2 to 7013.832 km2. (2) Continuous outward expansion has always been the main trend, while the compactness of the built-up land within the city is constantly decreasing and the complexity of the city boundary is increasing. (3) Cities in BTH were mostly formed through the construction of city walls during the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the expansion process was mostly highly related to important political events, traffic development, and other factors. In summary, the BTH area, similarly to China and most regions of the world, has experienced rapid urbanization and the history of such ancient cities should be further preserved with the combined use of old maps.


Transfers ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás López-Pumarejo

Large-scale public bicycle rental programs represent the latest grand venture for outdoor advertising corporations. By supporting these programs, advertisers gain unfettered access to street furniture and municipal billboard space and thus acquire the power to transform the city dwellers' experience of the urban landscape both visually and kinetically. These public-private bike rental programs have mushroomed around the world due in part to the impact of Paris' Vélib, which is the world's largest. This paper discusses the role of outdoor advertising in this trend, and focuses on two existing and two projected public bicycle programs. The existing programs are Vélib and Montreal's Bixi; and the projected ones are slated for New York and San Juan, Puerto Rico.1


2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Tumlinson ◽  
Margaret W. Gichane ◽  
Siân L. Curtis ◽  
Katherine LeMasters

Abstract Background Healthcare worker absenteeism is common in resource limited settings and contributes to poor quality of care in maternal and child health service delivery. There is a dearth of qualitative information on the scope, contributing factors, and impact of absenteeism in Kenyan healthcare facilities. Methods In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted between July 2015 and June 2016 with 20 healthcare providers in public and private healthcare facilities in Central and Western Kenya. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, coded, and analyzed using an iterative thematic approach. Results Half of providers reported that absenteeism occurs in both private and public health facilities. Absenteeism was most commonly characterized by providers arriving late or leaving early during scheduled work hours. The practice was attributed to institutional issues including: infrequent supervision, lack of professional consequences, limited accountability, and low wages. In some cases, healthcare workers were frequently absent because they held multiple positions at different health facilities. Provider absences result in increased patient wait times and may deter patients from seeking healthcare in the future. Conclusion There is a significant need for policies and programs to reduce provider absenteeism in Kenya. Intervention approaches must be cognizant of the contributors to absenteeism which occur at the institutional level.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-178
Author(s):  
Simon Pierre Petnga Nyamen

RésuméLe Décret N°2007/115 du 23 avril 2007 portant création de nouveaux Arrondissements au sein de certains Départements du Cameroun traduit a priori la volonté du Gouvernement d’insuffler une dynamique nouvelle à son processus de décentralisation. À partir du cas de la ville de Garoua, ce travail traite des défis et enjeux de la gouvernance locale dans un contexte d’accélération du processus de décentralisation en vue d’un développement maîtrisé. Pour ce faire, des échanges avec vingt-six informateurs issus de l’administration publique et privée, douze chefs de quartier et trente des plus anciens habitants de Garoua ont été mené. En plus, on a eu recours à une centaine d’informateurs et guides, qui ont permis de caractériser trois cent cinquante-cinq marqueurs spatiaux de la dynamique urbaine de la localité. Les résultats de cette étude révèlent que les défis et enjeux actuels de la gouvernance locale sont de trois ordres : règlementaire, financier et fonctionnel. Pour ce qui est du premier ordre, le problème des villes camerounaises, est le non-respect de la règlementation en vigueur, et surtout l’omniprésence de la corruption. Le deuxième ordre est celui de l’incapacité des municipalités à collecter les recettes ce qui ne limite leur investissement qu’à des ouvrages de très faible impact social et économique. Sur le plan fonctionnel, la décentralisation a favorisé la multiplication d’acteurs aux aspirations très souvent divergentes, mais aussi une confusion voire une ignorance des rôles. Au terme de cette étude, avec l’adoption de comportements légaux, il est recommandé aux administrations locales de s’ouvrir au Système d’Information Géographique (SIG) qui dispose des méthodes, techniques et outils permettant de gérer efficacement la donnée spatiale et par conséquent le territoire. De plus, le processus de création de ce système utilisé pour la collecte, le stockage, l’analyse, la modélisation, la gestion, l’affichage et la représentation de l’information spatiale, est une excellente aubaine pour la mise en oeuvre d’un cadre de concertation qui intègre à différentes échelles, la représentativité, les compétences et les objectifs respectifs de toutes les parties prenantes à la gouvernance locale. AbstractDecree N°2007/115 of April 23, 2007 creating new subdivisions within some Divisions of Cameroon demonstrates the will of the Government to improve its decentralization process. Based on the case of the city of Garoua, this work deals with the challenges and issues of local governance, in a context of accelerating the decentralization process with a view to controlled development. To this end, exchanges with twenty-six informants from the public and private administration, twelve chiefdom leaders and thirty of the oldest inhabitants of Garoua were conducted. In addition, about one hundred informants and guides were used, who allowed to characterize three hundred and fifty-five spatial markers of the dynamics of the city. The results revealed that the current challenges and issues of local governance are threefold: regulatory, financial and functional. As for the first, the problem of Cameroonian cities is the non-compliance with the regulations in force, and especially the pervasiveness of corruption. The second order is the inability of municipalities to collect revenue, which limits their investment to works of very low social and economic impact. From a functional point of view, decentralization has favored the multiplication of actors with very divergent aspirations, but also confusion and ignorance of roles. Based on these results, we recommend that local governments open up to Geographic Information System (GIS), which has the methods, techniques and tools to effectively better manage the spatial data and consequently the territory. In addition, the process of creating this system, used for the collection, storage, analysis, modelling, management, display and representation of spatial information, is an important opportunity towards the implementation of a consultation framework that integrates, at different levels, the representativeness, skills and objectives of all stakeholders of local governance on the field.


2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Sedano

This article describes a Los Angeles-based website that collects volunteered geographic information (VGI) on outdoor advertising using the Google Street View interface. The Billboard Map website was designed to help the city regulate signage. The Los Angeles landscape is thick with advertising, and the city efforts to count total of signs has been stymied by litigation and political pressure. Because outdoor advertising is designed to be seen, the community collectively knows how many and where signs exist. As such, outdoor advertising is a perfect subject for VGI. This paper analyzes the Los Angeles community's entries in the Billboard Map website both quantitatively and qualitatively. I find that members of the public are well able to map outdoor advertisements, successfully employing the Google Street View interface to pinpoint sign locations. However, the community proved unaware of the regulatory distinctions between types of signs, mapping many more signs than those the city technically designates as billboards. Though these findings might suggest spatial data quality issues in the use of VGI for municipal record-keeping, I argue that the Billboard Map teaches an important lesson about how the public's conceptualization of the urban landscape differs from that envisioned by city planners. In particular, I argue that community members see the landscape of advertising holistically, while city agents treat the landscape as a collection of individual categories. This is important because, while Los Angeles recently banned new off-site signs, it continues to approve similar signs under new planning categories, with more in the works.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Cruz Ruiz ◽  
Elena Ruiz Romero De la Cruz ◽  
Francisco J. Calderón Vázquez

A brand can turn a geographical location into a landmark and influences the tourist planification of a city. Although the world tourist sector recognizes Malaga as The Coast of Sun, this analysis also reveals several more elements, which should be substantiated if a rebranding is carried out. If the brand is well managed, the residents’ perspective must be taken into account. Avoiding the seasonality and keeping the destination in the future will allow the sustainable development of the tourism in the city of Malaga. In order to achieve the goals set in this research, a descriptive methodology has been used. This study has been carried out using a questionnaire in which 1230 residents have participated. Indeed, the results show that Malaga brand is being built under the concept of culture and that some attributes are vital for the territory’s image. This encourages economic growth and hence employment. This paper offers important implications to both public and private institutions insofar as they promote tourism campaigns.


2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Menegbo

One of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which 2015 was the target date for its achievement now sustainable goal is stopping the spread of diseases that are preventable. GIS measures coverage, access and pattern's utilization of healthcare services and is important in the research, management, and planning of Healthcare facilities and system. This work, therefore, investigates the spatial distributions of healthcare facilities in Port Harcourt city LGA in Rivers State, Nigeria. Primary data was acquired using GPS handheld receiver and Secondary data such as the attribute (population data, names of hospitals) and spatial data (administrative map, road, and settlement) obtained from government official records. Data obtain shown on a map the spatial distributions of health facilities and access road to the facilities. The result also depicts a spatial distribution's pattern of healthcare facilities and thus insight gain in access to healthcare facilities and services in the LGA.


2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Chris Kearns, DSc ◽  
Tanveer Islam, PhD, CFM

This article examines 9-1-1 call data of the City of Lethbridge in Alberta, Canada over a year to find discernible spatial and temporal trends that may be useful to emergency response or better delivery of emergency management services. The spatial analysis includes Geographic Information Systems hotspot analysis of cellular and landline emergency calls with respect to critical (emergency and healthcare) facilities as well as emergency calls from residential landlines. The temporal analysis looks at hourly, daily, and monthly patterns of emergency calls and the factors driving up the call volumes in certain periods. It also examines emergency call volumes before, during, and after a major disaster (wildfire) event. The article concludes with summarizing the findings and identifying the areas for future research.


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