Risk Factors Affecting the Severity of Single Vehicle Rear-End Crash

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Mirta Widia ◽  
Nur Syafiqah Fauzan ◽  
Fadhlul Adni Binti Abdul Aziz ◽  
Yassierli ◽  
Ahmad Azad Ab. Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Single Vehicle

scholarly journals Risk Factors Affecting Driver Severity of Single- Vehicle Run Off Road Crash for Thailand Highway

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 207-216
Author(s):  
Chamroeun Se ◽  
Thanapong Champahom ◽  
Sajjakaj Jomnonkwao ◽  
Vatanavongs Ratanavaraha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Information Management System ◽  
Logit Analysis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Roadside Safety ◽  
Fatal Crash ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Safety Features

Single-Vehicle Run Off Road (ROR) crash has been the leading crash type in terms of frequency and severity in Thailand. In this study, multinomial logit analysis was applied to identify the risk factors potentially influencing driver injury severity of single-vehicle ROR crash using accident records between 2011 and 2017 which were extracted from Highway Accident Information Management System (HAIMS) database. The analysis results show that the age of driver older than 55 years old, male driver, driver under influence of alcohol, drowsiness, ROR to left/right on straight roadway increase the probability of fatal crash, while other factors are found to mitigate severity such as the age of driver between 26-35 years old, using seatbelt, ROR and hit fixed object on straight and curve segment of roadway, mounted traffic island, intersection-related and accident in April. This study recommends the need to improve road safety campaign, law enforcement, and roadside safety features that potentially reduce level of severity of driver involving in single-vehicle ROR crash.

Studying the Birth Outcome in Tikrit Teaching Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-57
Author(s):  
Areej Noaman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Birth Outcome ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Healthy Baby ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Healthy Mother

  Background : A successful birth outcome is defined as the birth of a healthy baby to a healthy mother. While relatively low in industrialized world, maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality and neonatal deaths occur disproportionately in developing countries. Aim of the Study: To assess birth outcome and identify some risk factors affecting it for achieving favorable birth outcome in Tikrit Teaching Hospital

Does HbA1cc Play a Role in the Development of Cardiovascular Diseases?

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (24) ◽  
pp. 2876-2882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kailash Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) may be mediated through increases in the cardiovascular risk factors. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) also called glycated hemoglobin is presently used for the diagnosis and management of diabetes. It has adverse effects on cardiovascular system. This review deals with its synthesis and effects on the cardiovascular system. The serum levels of HbA1c have been reported to be affected by various factors including, the lifespan of erythrocytes, factors affecting erythropoiesis, agents interfering glycation of Hb, destruction of erythrocytes, drugs that shift the formation of Hb, statins, and drugs interfering the HbA1c assay. Levels of HbA1c are positively correlated with serum glucose and advanced glycation end products ( AGE), but no correlation between AGE and serum glucose. AGE cannot replace HbA1c for the diagnosis and management of diabetes because there is no correlation of AGE with serum glucose, and because the half-life of protein with which glucose combines is only 14-20 days as compared to erythrocytes which have a half-life of 90-120 days. HbA1c is positively associated with CVD such as the carotid and coronary artery atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke and hypertension.HbA1c induces dyslipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, and hypertension, and increases C-reactive protein, oxidative stress and blood viscosity that would contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, HbA1c serves as a useful marker for the diagnosis and management of diabetes. AGE cannot replace HbA1c in the diagnosis and management of diabetes. There is an association of HbA1c with CVD which be mediated through modulation of CVD risk factors.

scholarly journals The Assessment of Early Complications and Risk Factors Affecting Their Occurrence in Breast Reconstructive Procedures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Jończyk ◽  
Jerzy Jankau
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Breast Reconstruction ◽  
Complication Rate ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Early Complications ◽  
Reconstructive Procedures ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rehospitalization Rate ◽  
Early Postoperative Complications

AbstractThe presence of postoperative complications may have a significant impact on the outcome of the breast reconstruction. The aim of this study was to investigate early postoperative complications and the risk factors for their occurrence. A prospective analysis was carried out to evaluate surgical outcomes after breast reconstructive surgeries performed over a 2-year period. Procedures included expander/implant (TE/IMP), pedicle transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (pTRAM), and latissimus dorsi (LD) techniques. All adverse events which occurred within 6 weeks of surgery were ranked according to severity based on the contracted Accordion grading system. Outcomes were assessed for their association with surgical, demographic, and clinical variables. Sixty-one consecutive breast reconstruction procedures were analyzed. The overall complication rate was 60.7% (n = 37), and 8 patients (13.1%) required reoperation. The lowest complication rate was observed in implant-based reconstructions (TE/IMP, 18.8%; pTRAM, 72.7%; LD, 78.3%; p = 0.008). Mild complications occurred significantly more often after LD reconstructions (LD, 60.9%; pTRAM, 22.7%; TE/IMP, 12.5%; p = 0.031), while severe complications were significantly more frequent after the pTRAM procedures (pTRAM, 27.3%; TE/IMP, 6.2%; LD, 8.7%; p = 0.047). Severe complications were associated with higher rehospitalization rate (p = 0.010) and longer hospital stay. Study revealed a significant impact of the operative method on the incidence and severity of early complications after breast reconstruction procedures with little effect from other demographic and clinical factors.

scholarly journals Effects of fenofibrate therapy on renal function in primary gout patients

Rheumatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinde Li ◽  
Wenyan Sun ◽  
Jie Lu ◽  
Yuwei He ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Primary Gout ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
Risk Predictors

Abstract Objective To investigate the incidence and potential risk factors for development of fenofibrate-associated nephrotoxicity in gout patients. Methods A total of 983 gout patients on fenofibrate treatment who visited the dedicated Gout Clinic at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University between September 2016 and June 2020 were retrospectively enrolled from the electronic records system. Fenofibrate-associated nephrotoxicity was defined as an increase in serum creatinine (SCr) ≥0.3 mg/dl within 6 months of fenofibrate initiation. The change trend of SCr and uric acid levels during the treatment period were assessed by a generalised additive mixed model (GAMM). Multivariate analysis was performed for risk factors affecting elevated SCr. Results A total of 100 (10.2%) patients experienced an increase in SCr ≥0.3 mg/dl within 6 months after fenofibrate initiation. The median change of SCr in the whole cohort was 0.11 mg/dl [interquartile range (IQR) 0.03–0.20], whereas it was 0.36 (0.33–0.45) in the fenofibrate-associated nephrotoxicity group. In a multivariable regression model, chronic kidney disease (CKD) [odds ratio (OR) 2.39 (95% CI 1.48, 3.86)] and tophus [OR 2.29 (95% CI 1.39, 3.78)] were identified to be risk predictors, independent of measured covariates, of fenofibrate-associated nephrotoxicity. During the treatment period, although SCr temporarily increased, serum urate and triglyceride concentrations decreased using the interaction analysis of GAMM. Of those with fenofibrate withdrawal records, the SCr increase in 65% of patients was reversed after an average of 49 days off the drug. Conclusions This observational study implied that fenofibrate-associated nephrotoxicity occurs frequently in gout patients, especially in patients with tophi or CKD. The potential renal risks of fenofibrate usage in gout needs additional research.

First-Ray Radiographic Changes After Flexible Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity Correction

2021 ◽  
pp. 107110072110345
Author(s):  
Chien-Shun Wang ◽  
Yun-Hsuan Tzeng ◽  
Tzu-Cheng Yang ◽  
Chun-Cheng Lin ◽  
Ming-Chau Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Reconstructive Surgery ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Deformity Correction ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Radiographic Parameters ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity

Background: Adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) and hallux valgus (HV) are common foot and ankle deformities. Few studies have reported the changes in radiographic parameters of HV after reconstructive surgery for AAFD. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in radiographic parameters of HV and analyze the risk factors for increased HV after correction of AAFD. Methods: Adult patients with flexible AAFD who underwent similar bony procedures including medializing calcaneal osteotomy and Cotton osteotomy were included. Radiographic parameters were measured on weightbearing radiographs preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the final follow-up. Patients were divided into hallux valgus angle (HVA) increased and HVA nonincreased groups; logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors affecting increased HV. Results: Forty-six feet of 43 patients were included. After AAFD reconstructive surgery, the tibial sesamoid position improved by 1 grade, but the HVA increased 4 degrees in average. Further, 21 of 46 feet (46%) showed an HVA increase ≥5 degrees immediately after AAFD correction surgery. Preoperative talonavicular coverage angle <21.6 degrees was a risk factor associated with HV increase immediately after the surgery. Conclusion: In this case series, using plain radiographs to measure standard parameters of foot alignment, we found the association between AAFD correction and HV deformity measures somewhat paradoxical. Correction of overpronation of the hindfoot and midfoot appears to improve the first metatarsal rotational deformity but may also increase HVA. A lower preoperative talonavicular coverage angle was associated with an increase of the HVA after surgery. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series study.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the nature and etiologies of risk factors for diaphyseal atypical femoral fractures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Tsuchie ◽  
Naohisa Miyakoshi ◽  
Yuji Kasukawa ◽  
Koji Nozaka ◽  
Kimio Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Femoral Fractures ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Atypical Femoral Fractures ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Lateral Curvature ◽  
Low Serum

Objectives: Differences in the mechanisms of subtrochanteric and diaphyseal atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) have been speculated in studies that have analyzed differences in the patients’ backgrounds. However, the etiologies of each type of AFF have not been investigated in detail. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the nature and etiologies of the risk factors for diaphyseal AFFs. Materials and Methods: Eighty consecutive Japanese patients with 91 diaphyseal AFFs (the AFF group) and 110 age-matched female patients with osteoporosis (the non-AFF control group) were included. Their clinical data were compared and the factors affecting AFFs were investigated. Furthermore, the etiologies of the risk factors for diaphyseal AFFs were examined. Results: Multivariate analysis revealed that femoral serrated changes, bisphosphonate or denosumab usage, and lateral and anterior femoral curvatures were the risk factors for diaphyseal AFFs (p<0.0011, p=0.0137, and p<0.0001, respectively). Multivariate analyses also revealed that serrated changes and low serum 25(OH)D levels affected the lateral curvature (p=0.0088 and 0.0205, respectively), while serrated changes affected the anterior curvature (p=0.0006); each significantly affected the femoral curvature. In addition, a high serum calcium (Ca) level, lateral femoral curvature, and anterior femoral curvature were the predictors of serrated changes (p=0.0146, 0.0002, and 0.0098, respectively). Conclusion: The risk factors for diaphyseal AFFs were bone resorption inhibitor usage, a strong femoral curvature, and serrated changes. A low serum 25(OH)D level and serrated changes are the risk factors for lateral curvature, while a high serum Ca level is a risk factor for serrated changes.

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