The Cost of Looking Different: Racism, Mental Health and Human Development of Migrants of African Descent

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-132
Author(s):  
Erhabor Idemudia ◽  
Tosin Tunrayo Olonisakin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Development ◽  
African Descent ◽  
The Cost

Mental Health: At the Root of Human Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Marta B. Rondon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Development

scholarly journals The cost of mental and physical health disability in childhood and adolescence to families in the UK: findings from a repeated cross-sectional survey using propensity score matching

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e018729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Solmi ◽  
Mariya Melnychuk ◽  
Stephen Morris
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Family ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

ObjectiveIn the UK, families of disabled children are entitled to receive disability benefits to help meet costs associated with caring for their child. Evidence of actual costs incurred is scant, especially for mental health disability. In this study, we aimed to quantify the cost of mental and physical health disability in childhood and adolescence to families in the UK using the concept of compensating variation (CV).DesignRepeated cross-sectional survey.SettingThe UK general populationParticipants85 212 children drawn from 8 waves of the Family Resources Survey.OutcomesUsing propensity score matching we matched families with a disabled child to similar families without a disabled child and calculated the extra income the former require to achieve the same living standards as the latter, that is, their CV. We calculated the additional costs specifically associated with several definitions of mental health and physical health disability.ResultsFamilies of a child with any mental health disability, regardless of the presence of physical health comorbidity, needed an additional £49.31 (95% CI: 21.95 to 76.67) and, for more severe disabilities, an additional £57.56 (95% CI: 17.69 to 97.44) per week to achieve the same living standards of families without a disabled child. This difference was greater for more deprived families, who needed between £59.28 (95% CI: 41.38 to 77.18) and £81.26 (95% CI: 53.35 to 109.38) more per week depending on the extent of mental health disability. Families of children with physical health disabilities, with or without mental health disabilities, required an additional £35.86 (95% CI: 13.77 to 57.96) per week, with economically deprived families requiring an extra £42.18 (95% CI: 26.38 to 57.97) per week.ConclusionsMental and physical health disabilities among children and adolescents were associated with high additional costs for the family, especially for those from deprived economic backgrounds. Means testing could help achieve a more equitable redistribution of disability benefit.

scholarly journals Using Bayesian Model Averaging to Analyse Hierarchical Health Data: model implementation and application to linked health service use data

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Behrooz Hassani-Mahmooei ◽  
Janneke Berecki-Gisolf ◽  
Alex Collie
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Bayesian Model Averaging ◽  
Model Averaging ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe majority of standard coding systems applied to health data are hierarchical: they start with several major categories and then each category is broken into subcategories across multiple levels. Running statistical models on these datasets, may lead to serious methodological challenges such as multicollinearity between levels or selecting suboptimal models as model space grows exponentially by adding each new level. The aim of this presentation is to introduce an analytical framework that addresses this challenge. ApproachData was from individuals who claimed Transport Accident Commission (TAC) compensation for motor vehicle accidents that occurred between 2010 and 2012 in the state of Victoria, Australia and provided consent for Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) and Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) linkage (n=738). PBS and MBS records dating from 12 months prior to injury were provided by the Department of Human Services (Canberra, Australia). Pre-injury use of health service items and pharmaceuticals were considered to indicate pre-existing health conditions. Both MBS and PBS listings have a hierarchical structure. The outcome was the cost of recovery; this was also hierarchical across four level (e.g. total, medical, consultations, and specialist). A Bayesian Model Averaging model was embedded into a data mining framework which automatically created all the cost outcomes and selected the best model after penalizing for multicollinearity. The model was run across multiple prior settings to ensure robustness. Monash University’s High Performance Computing Cluster was used for running approximately 5000 final models.ResultsThe framework successfully identified variables at different levels of hierarchy as indicators of pre-existing conditions that affect cost of recovery. For example, according to the results, on average, patients who received prescription pain or mental health related medication before the injury had 31.2% higher short-term and 36.9% higher long-term total recovery cost. For every anaesthetic in the year before the accident, post-injury hospital cost increased by 24%, for patients with anxiety it increased by 35.4%. For post-injury medical costs, every prescription of drugs used in diabetes (Category A10 in ATC) increased the cost by 8%, long term medical costs were affected by both pain and mental health. ConclusionBayesian model averaging provides a robust framework for mining hierarchically linked health data helping researchers to identify potential associations which may not have been discovered using conventional technique and also preventing them from identifying associations that are sporadic but not robust.

scholarly journals Understanding the Cost of Mental Health at Work: An Integrative Framework

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-25
Author(s):  
Juliet Hassard ◽  
Kevin Teoh ◽  
Louise Thomson ◽  
Holly Blake
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals Community interventions for people with complex emotional needs that meet the criteria for ‘personality disorder’ diagnoses: a systematic review of economic evaluations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Botham ◽  
Amy Clark ◽  
Thomas Steare ◽  
Ruth Stuart ◽  
Sian Oram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Economic Evidence ◽  
Emotional Needs ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Single Intervention ◽  
The Cost

AbstractBackgroundDiagnoses of “personality disorder” are prevalent among people using community secondary mental health services. Whilst the effectiveness of a range of community-based treatments have been considered, as the NHS budget is finite, it is also important to consider the cost-effectiveness of those interventions.AimsTo assess the cost-effectiveness of primary or secondary care community-based interventions for people with complex emotional needs that meet criteria for a diagnosis of “personality disorder” to inform healthcare policy making.MethodSystematic review (PRESPORO #: CRD42020134068) of five databases, supplemented by reference list screening and citation tracking of included papers. We included economic evaluations of interventions for adults with complex emotional needs associated with a diagnosis of ‘personality disorder’ in community mental health settings published between before 18 September 2019. Study quality was assessed using the CHEERS statement. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise study findings.ResultsEighteen studies were included. The studies mainly evaluated psychotherapeutic interventions. Studies were also identified which evaluated altering the setting in which care was delivered and joint crisis plans. No strong economic evidence to support a single intervention or model of community-based care was identified.ConclusionThere is no robust economic evidence to support a single intervention or model of community-based care for people with complex emotional needs. The review identified the strongest evidence for Dialectical Behavioural Therapy with all three identified studies indicating the intervention is likely to be cost-effective in community settings compared to treatment as usual. Further research is needed to provide robust evidence on the cost-effectiveness of community-based interventions upon which decision makers can confidently base guidelines or allocate resources.

Vicarious Family Health Strain and Juvenile Delinquency

2019 ◽  
pp. 0044118X1985976
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Grosholz ◽  
Deena A. Isom Scott ◽  
Daniel C. Semenza ◽  
Alexandra M. Fleck
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Juvenile Offending ◽  
Youth Behavior ◽  
Crime And Delinquency

Research finds that vicarious strain significantly predicts juvenile delinquency. However, no studies have examined the influence of vicarious health strain on youth behavior despite the fact that when individuals directly experience poor health, there is a greater likelihood of crime and delinquency. Using a sample of youth from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) data, we assess the associations between vicarious family health strain (both mental and physical) and juvenile delinquency. We find that vicarious physical health strain is not associated with juvenile delinquency. However, vicarious mental health strain is significantly associated with violent juvenile offending. Based on the results, we highlight various avenues for future research that continues to investigate the link between health and crime.

scholarly journals Regional differences in vision health: findings from Mwanza, Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 457-465
Author(s):  
Sahil Aggarwal ◽  
David Ju ◽  
Angela M Allen ◽  
Laura A Rose ◽  
Karam P Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Ocular Pain ◽  
Visual Functioning ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Vision Care ◽  
National Effort

Abstract Background Visual impairment in developing countries has both social and economic impact on individuals and communities. Understanding the subjective visual functioning of populations will allow for local policymakers to identify the need for optometric or ophthalmic services in their communities. Methods The authors surveyed 644 adult patients in Mwanza, Tanzania at three clinics (Buzuruga, Mwananchi and Kisesa) using a modified Visual Functioning Questionnaire 25. Responses were categorized into General health, General vision, Ocular pain, Near activities, Distance activities, Social function, Mental health, Role difficulties, Color vision, Peripheral vision and Dependency. Results Patients at Buzuruga reported the lowest scores on most subscales. Of 100 employed patients, 37% claimed to have at least some difficulty in performing job duties due to their eyesight. At Kisesa, 146 (246/221) patients (66.1%) had never had an eye exam, compared with 134/227 (59.0%) at Buzuruga and 69/173 (39.9%) at Mwananchi (p<0.01). Common reasons for not seeing an eye doctor were the perceived expense and lack of vision problems. Conclusions Due to regional differences in visual functioning in Mwanza, a national effort for vision health cannot be entirely successful without addressing the individualized needs of local communities. Reducing the cost of vision care appointments may expand vision health care utilization in Mwanza.

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