scholarly journals Different Ways of Viewing an Organization

2022 ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
Pablo Cardona ◽  
Carlos Rey
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Organizational Model ◽  
Conceptual Foundation ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Common Purpose

AbstractFrom the industrial revolution to the present, scholars, consultants and experts in different disciplines have tried to answer the fundamental question: What is a business? In this chapter, we structure these historical perspectives in the following groups: Mechanical, Organic and Cultural. The mechanical perspective provides the “rational logic” of planning and supervision. The organic perspective adds creativity and initiative. Finally, the cultural perspective promotes internal unity through a common purpose that harnesses the commitment and engagement of the company’s members. From the combination of the three perspectives, we introduce the “Integrated Organizational Model” as the conceptual foundation of management by missions (MBM).

On the Principles of Imagination and Creativity

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-62
Author(s):  
Rajashree Chaurasia
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
High Level ◽  
Creativity And Innovation

Human beings are the only mammals to be able to utilize high-level cognitive functions to build knowledge, innovate, and communicate their complex ideas. Imagination, creativity, and innovation are interlinked in the sense that one leads to the other. This chapter details the concepts of imagery, imagination, and creativity and their inter-relationships in the first section. Next, the author discusses the historical perspectives of imagination pertaining to the accounts of famous philosophers and psychologists like Aristotle, Kant, Hume, Descartes, Sartre, Husserl, and Wittgenstein. Section 3 and 4 present the neuro-biological correlates of imagination and creativity, respectively. Brain regions, neuronal circuits, genetic basis, as well as the evolutionary perspective of imagination and creativity are elicited in these sections. Finally, creativity and innovation are explored as to how they will contribute to knowledge build-up and advances in science, engineering, and business in the fourth industrial revolution and the imagination age.

COVID-19 Shock and Schumpeterian “Creative Destruction”

2021 ◽  
pp. 272-313
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Creative Destruction ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Private Business ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Main Factor

The COVID-19 pandemic shock pushed the objective processes of discontinuity in the evolution of a static economy. The new path of self-development of the economy in its dynamic state starts with transferring system to the basis of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. In this connection, the fundamental question arises related to what structure will be the main driver of the future dynamic processes. In this regard, the idea of J. Schumpeter about the entrepreneurs' ability to carry out “creative destruction” becomes highly relevant. It is about private business capable of self-regulation as well as building post-coronavirus systemic integrities both in the technological sphere, in society and economy. It is about their forced by COVID-19 understanding of the main factor of their success, associated with the employees and their potential which is largely formed in society and used in firms if they construct their internal organization on the principles of human centrism.

The Anthropocene: conceptual and historical perspectives

2011 ◽  
Vol 369 (1938) ◽  
pp. 842-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Steffen ◽  
Jacques Grinevald ◽  
Paul Crutzen ◽  
 John McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
First Century ◽  
Earth History ◽  
Start Date ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Global Change Research ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Earth’S Climate

The human imprint on the global environment has now become so large and active that it rivals some of the great forces of Nature in its impact on the functioning of the Earth system. Although global-scale human influence on the environment has been recognized since the 1800s, the term Anthropocene , introduced about a decade ago, has only recently become widely, but informally, used in the global change research community. However, the term has yet to be accepted formally as a new geological epoch or era in Earth history. In this paper, we put forward the case for formally recognizing the Anthropocene as a new epoch in Earth history, arguing that the advent of the Industrial Revolution around 1800 provides a logical start date for the new epoch. We then explore recent trends in the evolution of the Anthropocene as humanity proceeds into the twenty-first century, focusing on the profound changes to our relationship with the rest of the living world and on early attempts and proposals for managing our relationship with the large geophysical cycles that drive the Earth’s climate system.

Legal orientalism? The poor Chinese culture and US–China intellectual property disputes since the late Qing dynasty

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-155
Author(s):  
Ken Shao
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
First Century ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Late Qing Dynasty ◽  
Late Qing ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Micro Level

From the nineteenth-century late Qing dynasty reform to China's endeavor to construct a twenty-first-century knowledge economy, intellectual property has frequently stuck out as a core agenda of China–foreign diplomatic and trading relations. Such a history is usually interpreted from two perspectives: one is an ‘infringement perspective’ in which China is understood as a notorious infringer of foreign intellectual property; the other is a ‘transplant perspective’ which argues that China's modern intellectual property laws emerge and progress as the consequence of foreign pressure. Both interpretations intend to hold that China's passive role in modern intellectual property law making is ultimately cultural – that is, the notion of intellectual property is alien to Chinese culture. This paper takes a completely different cultural perspective. Through micro-level historical details, it addresses the following fundamental question – was the authentic Chinese culture present or accessible by the Westerners (as well as many Chinese) in that part of history? In a broader context, it further addresses another crucial question – if the authentic Chinese culture is yet to be presented or accessible, shouldn't (legal) orientalism be regarded as a consequence of cultural unawareness rather than cultural prejudice?

scholarly journals Kajian Ekonomi Media Tentang Kebijakan Pasar Industri Buku di Indonesia Dalam Menghadapi Revolusi Industri 4.0 Dengan Menggunakan Pendekatan Industrial Organizational Model

InterKomunika ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
AG Sudibyo
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Book Industry ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Book Production ◽  
Organizational Model ◽  
Market Conduct ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Book Store

ABSTRAKPeneltian ini bertujuan untuk menganilis kebijakan industry buku di Indonesia.  Metode yang digunakan  adalah  peneltian kualitatif  deskriptif  sedangkan metode pengumpulan datanya dengan wawancara mendalam  dan sumber kepustakaan. Teori yang digunakan dalam peneltian ini adalah salah satu teori dalam Ekonomi media yaitu Industrial Organizational Model  dengan fokus pada kebijakan pasar (  Market conduct).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan industri buku  harus berubah di dalam menghadapi era disruption ini jika tidak ingin gulung tikar sebagaimana dialami oleh sebuah toko buku terbesar di Amerika Serikat Borders Group.  Salah satu toko buku di Indonesia yang melakukan inovasi di dalam menghadapi  Revolusi Industri 4.0 ini adalah toko buku Gramedia yang merupakan salah satu jaringan toko buku terbesar di Indonesia.Kata kunci:  kebijakan  pasar, Revolusi industri 4.0, disrupsiABSTRACTThis research is aimed to analyze  market conduct  of  book indusrial in Indonesia.  The qualitative research is used in this research. Data is collected  by in-dept interview with  some  person who in charge in book production.  The theory used in this research is The Industrial Organizational Model focused on market conduct.  The result of this research shows that the book industry must be changed to face the disruption era if  They do not  want  out of  business.  An example book store  who out of  business is The Borders Group  the biggest book store in America. In Indonesia the book store who do the innovation  to face the industrial revolution  4.0 is Gramedia book store the biggest book store in Indonesia. Key word : Market conduct, industrial revolution 4.0, book store, disruption

The Age of Revolutions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conrad L. Donakowski
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Mass Medium ◽  
Spiritual Experience ◽  
Oxford Movement ◽  
Age Of Reason ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Human Need ◽  
Christian Worship

A variety of economic, ideological, aesthetic, and nationalist forces shape Christian worship in its varied manifestations today. Historical perspectives and areas of knowledge which are too often discussed in compartmentalized fashion are presented here as acting with and on each other and often serving each other’s purposes. Liturgical, musical, artistic, and architectural expressions are shown to be inextricably bound not only to theology, philosophy, and ecclesial hierarchy but also to political and socioeconomic structural change, technological innovation, and—not least—the culture and the human need for authentic spiritual experience. The Enlightenment “Age of Reason,” Romanticism, the nation-state, and the Industrial Revolution from the 17th through the 19th centuries affected religious practices that were the only mass medium that reached into every town, house, and heart. Connections are established with not only overtly religious events such as urban Evangelism, preservation of old architecture, the Oxford movement, and tradition versus innovation but also socialistic communal experiments and ethnic conflict among US immigrants.

Industrial Hubs and Economic Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-39
Author(s):  
Arkebe Oqubay
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Economic Agglomeration ◽  
Catch Up

Industrial hubs are at the centre of economic development. However, the literature on industrial hubs is fragmented and characterized by diverse conceptual and methodological approaches. This chapter provides a synopsis of the literature on the theory and practice of industrial hubs and economic development drawn from various intellectual traditions. The chapter also reviews key themes drawn from structuralist development economics, with a special focus on industrial policy, structural transformation, and catch-up. The first section of this chapter provides an outline of the key approaches and issues. The second section discusses historical perspectives on industrial hubs and economic agglomeration starting from the early days of the first industrial revolution. The third section examines issues rooted in structural transformation and economic catch-up, and the connection between cluster dynamics and industrial policy framework. The fourth section maps empirical perspectives behind uneven global practices and outcomes, and on how industrial hubs can synergize industrialization and technological catch-up. The fifth section presents empirical synthesis and concluding notes.

scholarly journals Existence of Cyclical and Non-Cyclic Interactions between Markets

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
D. E. Danilov
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Rational Behavior ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Processing

The issue of the intensity of digitalization in various economic sectors causes the increasing scientific interest among economists and government officials. A correct assessment of the impact of the fourth industrial revolution, or Industry 4.0, on complexes markets is an important task for understanding the process and its impact on the country’s economy. In this paper, a version of a theoretical model is proposed that demonstrates the presence of cyclical and non-cyclical connections between the markets. As a tool of illustration, graph theory was used, which is the main way of game theory for demonstration the rational behavior of participants-players.  The companion idea of current work is the fundamental question of economic theory, which is expressed in the existence of the dominate role of the firm in markets with technological link, which may be cyclical or non-cyclical. The example of the cyclic linkage of the markets may be the interaction between markets of a software and OS, while example markets prone digitalization may be high processing industry.  

Energy, transport, and consumption in the Industrial Revolution

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Tainter ◽  
Temis G. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Underlying Assumption

Abstract We question Baumard's underlying assumption that humans have a propensity to innovate. Affordable transportation and energy underpinned the Industrial Revolution, making mass production/consumption possible. Although we cannot accept Baumard's thesis on the Industrial Revolution, it may help explain why complexity and innovation increase rapidly in the context of abundant energy.

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