scholarly journals Detecting the Diagnosis: Parasitology, Crime Fiction, and the British Medical Gaze

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-173
Author(s):  
Emilie Taylor-Pirie
Keyword(s):  
Crime Fiction ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Tropical Medicine ◽  
Cultural Encounters ◽  
Popular Imagination ◽  
Medical Gaze ◽  
Cultural Currency ◽  
Arthur Conan Doyle ◽  
Colonial Encounter ◽  
Microscopic World

AbstractIn this chapter, Taylor-Pirie traces the cultural encounters between the parasitologist and the scientific detective in the medico-popular imagination, revealing how such meetings helped to embed the figure of the doctor-detective in public understandings of science. Parasitologists like Ronald Ross and David Bruce were routinely reported in newspapers using detective fiction’s most famous archetype: Sherlock Holmes, a frame of reference that blurred the boundaries between romance and reality. Recognising the continued cultural currency of Holmesian detection in clinical and diagnostic medicine, she re-immerses the ‘great detective’ and his creator, Arthur Conan Doyle, in the literary-historical contexts of the fin de siècle, demonstrating how material and rhetorical entanglements between criminality, tropical medicine, and empire constructed the microscopic world as new kind of colonial encounter.

What Is Left of the Genius? Sherlockian Legacy in Contemporary Crime Fiction

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-150
Author(s):  
Jacek Mydla
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Crime Fiction ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Sherlock Holmes ◽  
Arthur Conan Doyle ◽  
Scientific Expertise ◽  
Detective Stories ◽  
Working Out

Arthur Conan Doyle famously popularised science in his series of detective stories by placing its three constitutive elements (scientific knowledge, the collection of evidence, and art of making inferences), in his protagonist Sherlock Holmes. The legacy is present in contemporary crime fiction, but the competencies have been distributed among a group of individuals involved in the investigation. This distribution has affected and changed the position of the detective vis-à-vis scientific expertise. Science, chiefly in the form of different branches of forensics, is as indispensable as the detective, and authors have been working out different ways of making the two work together. As an example of this cooperation, the paper examines Mark Billingham’s 2015 novel Time of Death.

Brain Attics and Mind Weapons

2020 ◽  
pp. 179-194
Author(s):  
Michael B. Harris-Peyton
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Crime Fiction ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
Arthur Conan Doyle ◽  
Satyajit Ray

This chapter on the crime fiction of Arthur Conan Doyle, Satyajit Ray and Cheng Xiaoqing examines the central role of adaptation in the international development of the crime fiction genre in order to present a more complex understanding of the genre’s international connections and mobility. The chapter questions the distinction between original and reproduction that has typically informed critical studies on the genre’s international spread through an analysis of the works of these three writers from Britain, India (Bengal) and China. In demonstrating the ways in which Ray and Cheng adapt what is typically considered an archetypically British genre to their local settings, the chapter deconstructs the preeminent position granted to Holmes as the originator and, instead, draws attention to how Doyle himself adapted the genre in a transnational dialogue with his literary forebears.

scholarly journals Expeditions into ‘Central Man’: Imperial Romance, Tropical Medicine, and Heroic Masculinity

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-130
Author(s):  
Emilie Taylor-Pirie
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Medicine ◽  
Romance Fiction ◽  
Muscular Christianity ◽  
Colonial Encounter

AbstractIn this chapter, Taylor-Pirie considers how parasitology became rhetorically and materially entangled in the imperial imagination with travelogues, anthropological treatise, imperial romance fiction, and missionary biography. These modes jointly constructed the colonial encounter as a feat of manly endurance, using the linguistic enjoinment of medicine and exploration to frame parasitologists as modern heroes. Examining the influence of Thomas Carlyle’s conceptualisation of the heroic in history and imperial cartography as a strategy of representation, she demonstrates how tropical illness became a subject associated with pioneers, poets, and prophets, mapped onto the larger field of empire by the adventure mode. Through close readings of Henry Seton Merriman’s With Edged Tools (1894), John Masefield’s Multitude and Solitude (1909), and Joseph Hocking’s The Dust of Life (1915), she demonstrates the utility of forms like the ‘soldier hero’ and ‘imperial hunter’ in elaborating masculine citizenship in the context of tropical illness and ‘muscular Christianity’.

Death in Colonial North America: Cross-Cultural Encounters

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik R. Seeman
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Mortuary Practices ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Cultural Encounters ◽  
North Americans ◽  
Labor Exploitation ◽  
Cultural Boundaries ◽  
Colonial Encounter

Death is universal yet is experienced in culturally specific ways. Because of this, when individuals in colonial North America encountered others from different cultural backgrounds, they were curious about how unfamiliar mortuary practices resembled and differed from their own. This curiosity spawned communication across cultural boundaries. The resulting knowledge sometimes facilitated peaceful relations between groups, while at other times it helped one group dominate another. Colonial North Americans endured disastrously high mortality rates caused by disease, warfare, and labor exploitation. At the same time, death was central to the religions of all residents: Indians, Africans, and Europeans. Deathways thus offer an unmatched way to understand the colonial encounter from the participants’ perspectives.

Popular Fiction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannette Sloniowski ◽  
Marilyn Rose
Keyword(s):  
Popular Fiction ◽  
Crime Fiction ◽  
Genre Fiction ◽  
Significant Component ◽  
Popular Imagination ◽  
Popular Narrative ◽  
Canadian Experience ◽  
Anne Of Green Gables ◽  
National Imaginary ◽  
History Of

This chapter examines the history of popular fiction in Canada. In Canada, popular culture reflects not only Canadian experience but also cultural anxieties as they have permeated and shaped the national imaginary since the days of settlement. The most significant component of that national imaginary in relation to popular narrative is probably what might be called an evolving Gothic sensibility. Gothicism refers to the portrayal of strange or frightening experiences in mysterious and daunting places and spaces. The chapter considers a number of earlier Canadian novels that stand out in the Canadian popular imagination, including L. M. Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables (1908), Margaret Laurence's The Diviners (1974). It also discusses genre fiction in the modern and contemporary periods, such as Harlequin Enterprises (founded Winnipeg 1949) and women's romances, crime fiction, fantasy, and speculative fiction, notably William Gibson's cyberpunk novel Neuromancer (1984).

Replication of Bacteriophage 186 DNA

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
Dhruba K. Chattoraj ◽  
Ross B. Inman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Dna Molecules ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Phage Dna ◽  
Partial Denaturation

Electron microscopy of replicating intermediates has been quite useful in understanding the mechanism of DNA replication in DNA molecules of bacteriophage, mitochondria and plasmids. The use of partial denaturation mapping has made the tool more powerful by providing a frame of reference by which the position of the replicating forks in bacteriophage DNA can be determined on the circular replicating molecules. This provided an easy means to find the origin and direction of replication in λ and P2 phage DNA molecules. DNA of temperate E. coli phage 186 was found to have an unique denaturation map and encouraged us to look into its mode of replication.

Die Spezifität von Begabungsüberzeugungen als Determinante des verbalen und mathematischen Begabungsselbstkonzepts

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Möller ◽  
Britta Pohlmann ◽  
Lilian Streblow ◽  
Julia Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Reference Model ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
External Frame

Zusammenfassung: Das I/E-Modell (“Internal/External Frame of Reference Model”) von Marsh (1986) postuliert, dass Schülerinnen und Schüler dimensionale Vergleiche der eigenen Leistungen in einem Fach mit den Leistungen in einem anderen Fach anstellen. Diese Vergleiche führen dazu, dass z. B. Schüler mit guten Leistungen in Mathematik ihre verbalen Fähigkeiten niedriger einschätzen. Gegenstand dieser Untersuchung mit N = 1114 Probanden ist die Frage, ob die Überzeugungen von Personen zum Zusammenhang von mathematischer und verbaler Begabung die Effekte dimensionaler Vergleiche moderieren. Analysen zeigten die Bedeutung der Begabungsüberzeugungen der Schülerinnen und Schüler: Negative Zusammenhänge zwischen den Fachleistungen in einem Fach und dem akademischen Selbstkonzept in einem anderen Fach ergaben sich insbesondere für Personen, die annehmen, dass Begabung domänenspezifisch ist, man also entweder mathematisch oder sprachlich begabt ist. Für Schüler mit eher wenig spezifischer Begabungsüberzeugung ergaben sich geringere Effekte dimensionaler Vergleiche.

Values and intergroup perceptions of East Germans and West Germans in 1998 1This research was supported by a grant from the German Research Society (We 1106/3-1).

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-272
Author(s):  
Jörg Doll ◽  
Michael Dick
Keyword(s):  
Research Society ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perceived Similarity ◽  
The West ◽  
Need For Uniqueness ◽  
German Research ◽  
East German ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
East West

The studies reported here focus on similarities and dissimilarities between the terminal value hierarchies ( Rokeach, 1973 ) ascribed to different groups ( Schwartz & Struch, 1990 ). In Study 1, n = 65 East Germans and n = 110 West Germans mutually assess the respective ingroup and outgroup. In this intra-German comparison the West Germans, with a mean intraindividual correlation of rho = 0.609, perceive a significantly greater East-West similarity between the group-related value hierarchies than the East Germans, with a mean rho = 0.400. Study 2 gives East German subjects either a Swiss (n = 58) or Polish (n = 59) frame of reference in the comparison between the categories German and East German. Whereas the Swiss frame of reference should arouse a need for uniqueness, the Polish frame of reference should arouse a need for similarity. In accordance with expectations, the Swiss frame of reference significantly reduces the correlative similarity between German and East German from a mean rho = 0.703 in a control group (n = 59) to a mean rho = 0.518 in the experimental group. Contrary to expectations, the Polish frame of reference does not lead to an increase in perceived similarity (mean rho = 0.712).

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