scholarly journals Delta-BPMN: A Concrete Language and Verifier for Data-Aware BPMN

2021 ◽  
pp. 179-196
Author(s):  
Silvio Ghilardi ◽  
Alessandro Gianola ◽  
Marco Montali ◽  
Andrey Rivkin
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Language

SYNTACTIC TYPOLOGY OF MULTICOMPONENT VERBAL PHRASEO-COMBINATIONS OF THE GERMAN LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Е.О. Ковыршина
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
German Language ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Syntactic Position ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Concrete Language

Постановка задачи. В статье на материале собранного корпуса фразеологических единиц (в количестве 1828 ФЕ), полученного методом сплошной выборки из немецкоязычных и двуязычных словарей, выделяются и анализируются с синтаксической позиции многокомпонентные фразеоединицы со структурой словосочетания с главным словом - глаголом. Способом буквального перевода определяются синтаксические типы, которые активно используются для создания многокомпонентных глагольных фразеосочетаний (МКГФС), выявляется специфика синтаксических типов немецких ФС и создается синтаксическая типология МКГФС немецкого языка. Результаты. На основе изученного материала было выделено восемь синтаксических типов МКГФС. В ходе исследования с помощью метода квантитативного анализа были установлены наиболее частотные типы структурно-синтаксических схем, активно образующие многокомпонентные глагольные фразеосочетания. Выделение синтаксических типов немецких МКГФС и их анализ позволили установить специфику синтаксической организации МКГФС немецкого языка. Выводы. На основе проведенного исследования была создана синтаксическая типология МКГФС немецкого языка, одного из наиболее многочисленных классов многокомпонентных фразеоединиц с разнообразной синтаксической организацией. Установлено, что в немецком языке существуют специальные синтаксические структуры из трех и более словоформ, которые используются для создания многокомпонентных фразеосочетаний. Анализ МКГФС позволил выявить специфику немецких типов с двумя глагольными компонентами и выделить самый продуктивный, частотный (566 ФС) тип МКГФС со структурой сложного словосочетания. Проведенное исследование и дальнейшее изучение синтаксических типов других многокомпонентых ФЕ - неглагольных типов, ФЕ со структурой предложения позволят расширить и углубить знания о многокомпонентных фразеоединицах, занимающих весомое место в фразеологической системе немецкого языка. Изучение типов структурно-синтаксических схем МКГФС и других многокомпонентных ФЕ, являющихся конкретным языковым воплощением структурной модели ФС, открывает новые перспективы в области синтаксического моделирования немецкого языка. Statement of the problem. In the article on the material of the assembled corpus of phraseological units (in the amount of 1828 PU), obtained by the method of continuous sampling from German-language and bilingual dictionaries, multicomponent phraseological units with a phrase structure with the main word - a verb consisting of three or more components are selected and analyzed from the syntactic position. The method of literal translation determines the syntactic types that are actively used to create multicomponent verbal phraseological combinations (MCVPC), the specificity of syntactic is revealed. types of German PC and syntactic typology of the MCVPC of the German language is created. Results. Based on the material studied, eight syntactic types of MCVPC were distinguished. In the course of the study, using the method of quantitative analysis, the most frequency types of structural-syntactic schemes were established that actively form multicomponent verbal phrase combinations. Syntax type extraction of German MCVPC and their analysis made it possible to establish the specifics of the syntactic organization of the MCVPC of the German language. Conclusion. A syntactic typology of the MCVPC of the German language, one of the most numerous classes of multicomponent phraseological units with a diverse syntactic organization was created on the basis of the study. It is established that in the German language there are special syntactic structures of three or more word forms that are used to create multicomponent phrase combinations. The analysis of MCVPC revealed the specificity of German types with two verb components and highlighted the most productive, frequency (566PC) type of MCVPC with the structure of a complex phrase. The study of the syntactic types of other multicomponent phraseological units - non-verb types, phraseological units with a sentence structure will allow us to expand and deepen our knowledge of multicomponent phraseological units, which occupy a significant place in the phraseological system of the German language. Study of the structural-syntactic schemes types of the MCVPC and other multicomponent phraseological units, which are the concrete language embodiment of the structural model of the FS, opens up new prospects in the field of syntactic modeling of the German language.

scholarly journals Give it to us straight (most of the time): Top managers’ use of concrete language and its effect on investor reactions

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 2204-2225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingling Pan ◽  
Gerry McNamara ◽  
Jennifer J. Lee ◽  
Jerayr (John) Haleblian ◽  
Cynthia E. Devers
Keyword(s):  
Top Managers ◽  
Concrete Language

scholarly journals A structured alternative to Prolog with simple compositional semantics

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 611-627
Author(s):  
ANTÓNIO PORTO
Keyword(s):  
Denotational Semantics ◽  
Expressive Power ◽  
Compositional Semantics ◽  
Variable Binding ◽  
Semantic Framework ◽  
Local Case ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Full Power ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Concrete Language

AbstractProlog's very useful expressive power is not captured by traditional logic programming semantics, due mainly to the cut and goal and clause order. Several alternative semantics have been put forward, exposing operational details of the computation state. We propose instead to redesign Prolog around structured alternatives to the cut and clauses, keeping the expressive power and computation model but with a compositional denotational semantics over much simpler states—just variable bindings. This considerably eases reasoning about programs, by programmers and tools such as a partial evaluator, with safe unfolding of calls through predicate definitions. Anif-then-elseacross clauses replaces most uses of the cut, but the cut's full power is achieved by anuntilconstruct. Disjunction, conjunction anduntil, along with unification, are the primitive goal types with a compositional semantics yielding sequences of variable-binding solutions. This extends to programs via the usual technique of a least fixpoint construction. A simple interpreter for Prolog in the alternative language, and a definition ofuntilin Prolog, establish the identical expressive power of the two languages. Many useful control constructs are derivable from the primitives, and the semantic framework illuminates the discussion of alternative ones. The formalisation rests on a term language with variable abstraction as in the λ-calculus. A clause is an abstraction on the call arguments, a continuation, and the local variables. It can be inclusive or exclusive, expressing a local case bound to a continuation by either a disjunction or anif-then-else. Clauses are open definitions, composed (and closed) with simple functional application β-reduction). This paves the way for a simple account of flexible module composition mechanisms.Cube, a concrete language with the exposed principles, has been implemented on top of a Prolog engine and successfully used to build large real-world applications.

scholarly journals Linguistic scales: current state-of-the-art

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
Mariya K. Timofeeva
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Dialogue Systems ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
General Picture ◽  
Current State ◽  
Formal Ontologies ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
Concrete Language

The aim of this article consists in reviewing the basic areas of studying language scales in pragmatics; several prospects of their investigation are discussed. Presently, language scales are the object of intensive research in semantics and pragmatics, from linguistic, logical, psycholinguistic, and neuro-linguistic perspectives. We are interested mainly in pragmatics (although the area of semantics is also considered) and concentrate on linguistic rather than logical, psycholinguistic, or neuro-linguistic aspects. The article continues the series of publications intending to review and systematize pragmatic investigation in basic topical areas. An interest in studying linguistic scales in pragmatics has increased primarily due to the works of H. P. Grice, L. Horn, G. Gazdar, and S. Levinson. An important class of general pragmatic principles of communication was introduced by H. P. Grice and then was elaborated on greater detail in neo-gricean pragmatics. This class of principles specifies quantity characteristics of communication, and can be defined in terms of scales. Language scales give rise to a special class of implicatures called “scalar implicatures”. In many cases, it is necessary for a speaker to choose some position on a scale. Scalar implicature appears as a result of this choice. Each position potentially generates a certain set of implications. This pragmatic phenomenon is intensively studied in linguistics, logic, and experimental investigations. The literature in the area is ample; the article draws only a general picture of the area. The article proposes: 1) to elicit a system of potential language scales for a concrete language; 2) to consider individual / situational scales; 3) to consider dynamics of scales in speech (in accordance with basic ideas of dynamic semantics). The proposed areas of practical application are the following: stylistic analysis and studying an author’s style, modelling of reasoning and communication (particularly in dialogue systems), constructing formal ontologies of different subject areas.

The impact of language on retweeting during acute natural disasters: uncertainty reduction and language expectancy perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 120 (8) ◽  
pp. 1501-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Heon Lee ◽  
Heng Yu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Uncertainty Reduction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Linguistic Style ◽  
Language Style ◽  
Language Expectancy ◽  
Concrete Language ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Language Content

PurposeSocial media have increasingly gained credibility as information sources in emergencies. Retweeting or resharing nature has made Twitter a popular medium of information dissemination. The purpose of this article is to enhance our understanding of both linguistic style and content properties (i.e. both affective and informational contents) that drives resharing behavior or virality of disaster messages on Twitter. We investigate this issue in the context of natural disaster crisis.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the authors develop, drawing upon language expectancy and uncertainty reduction theories as an enabling framework, hypotheses about how the language (i.e. style and content) influence resharing behavior. They employ a natural language processing of disaster tweets to examine how the language – linguistic style (concrete and interactive language) and linguistic content (information- and affect-focused language) – affects resharing behavior on Twitter during natural disasters. To examine the effects of both linguistic style and content factors on virality, a series of negative binomial regressions were conducted, particularly owing to the highly skewed count data.FindingsOur analysis of tweets from the 2013 Colorado floods shows that resharing disasters tweets increases with the use of concrete language style during acute emergencies. Interactive language is also positively associated with retweet frequency. In addition, neither positive nor negative emotional tweets drive down resharing during acute crises, while information-focused language content has a significantly positive effect on virality.Practical implicationsAgencies for public safety and disaster management or volunteer organizations involved in disseminating crisis and risk information to the public may leverage the impacts of the linguistic style and language content through the lens of our research model. The findings encourage practitioners to focus on the role of linguistic style cues during acute disasters. Specifically, from the uncertainty reduction perspective, using concrete language in the disaster tweets is the expected norm, leading to a higher likelihood of virality. Also, interactively frame disaster tweets are more likely to be diffused to a larger number of people on Twitter.Originality/valueThe language that people use offer important psychological cue to their intentions and motivations. However, the role of language on Twitter has largely been ignored in this crisis communication and few prior studies have examined the relationship between language and virality during acute emergencies. This article explains the complex and multifaceted nature of information resharing behavior using a multi-theoretical approach – including uncertainty reduction and language expectancy theory – to understand effects of language style and content cues on resharing behavior in the context of natural crisis events.

Does concrete language in disclosures increase willingness to invest?

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 839-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Brooke Elliott ◽  
Kristina M. Rennekamp ◽  
Brian J. White
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Language

scholarly journals Haroldo de Campos: um caso concreto-barroco

eLyra ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Raquel Campos
Keyword(s):  
National Literature ◽  
Concrete Language ◽  
Made In

This research aims to analyze the poetic writing of Haroldo de Campos, which brings a baroque language closer to a concrete language, exemplifying this supposed paradox through the poem A Máquina do Mundo Repensada. Augusto de Campos, his brother, defined him as a kind of “concrete-baroque”, capable of bringing together these two apparently contradictory facets in his production. The defense of the inclusion of the Brazilian baroque in the formation of national literature made by Haroldo also reverberated in his work, leaving baroque traces in his writings, as will be shown below. Finally, the analyzes made in this article will lead us to an analog and iconic reading gesture, prioritizing the similarities brought by the analogies, which will allow us to conceive the existence of opposite paths shared in the same text.

scholarly journals Scientific discourse from the aspect of interaction between the categories of modus and modality

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-460
Author(s):  
N. V. Zinevich
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Category ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
The Other ◽  
Functional Potential ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
Limited Application ◽  
Truth Value ◽  
Scientific Discourses ◽  
Concrete Language

The paper explores the correlation between the universal categories of modus and modality in scientific discourse. It is claimed that the two categories demonstrate different ontological nature and, consequently, should be treated separately. In this light the domain of modality needs to be reduced to the expression of truth value, while the functional potential of modus will include all the other ways in which the speaker assesses his/her utterance. Hence, it’s more expedient to characterize modality as a functional-semantic category, with modus assuming communicative-pragmatic dimensions. It has been revealed that in scientific discourse there is absolute domination of modus, which can be attributed to the unique nature of communication in this field. The category of modality, in its turn, has a limited application and is mostly restricted to combinations with different modi. Further investigation has found out that English and Belarusian scientific discourses share their major modus-modality characteristics but differ in terms of modi their authors prefer to modalize and concrete language means used for the purpose.

scholarly journals Direito à educação linguística de alunos migrantes e refugiados: Reflexões sociopolíticas, sociolinguísticas e educativas em torno dos casos Brasileiro e Alemão

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Tatyana Friedrich ◽  
Sílvia Melo-Pfeifer ◽  
Bruna Ruano
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
Refugee Students ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Specific Dimension ◽  
Linguistic Human Rights ◽  
The Right ◽  
Concrete Language

In this contribution, we reflect upon migrants’ right to linguistic education as a specific dimension of their right to education. Based on the Linguistic Human Rights approach (Skutnab-Kangas Phillipson, 1995; also Hamel, 1995; Oliveira, 2003), we will argue that migrant and refugee students should see their right to linguistic education acknowledged in parallel to their right to education. Based on bibliographic and documentary research, we use the deductive and, mainly, the comparative method, in order to analyze the similarities and differences between individuals, phenomena and facts involved. Since the migrant and refugee school population is extremely heterogeneous, from a linguistic and cultural perspective, we will reflect upon concrete language policies and practices that can be developed in the Brazilian and German contexts in order to ensure the right to linguistic education. We argue that the implementation of pluralistic approaches to language learning and teaching might be a pedagogical tool to assure that right.

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