Pharmacological Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Agents Blocking B Cells

Propolis is a honeybee product known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial effects. It is rich in bioactive molecules whose content varies depending on the botanical and geographical origin of propolis. These bioactive molecules have been studied individually and as a part of propolis extracts, as they can be used as representative markers for propolis standardization. Here, we compare the pharmacological effects of representative polyphenols and whole propolis extracts. Based on the literature data, polyphenols and extracts act by suppressing similar targets, from pro-inflammatory TNF/NF-κB to the pro-proliferative MAPK/ERK pathway. In addition, they activate similar antioxidant mechanisms of action, like Nrf2-ARE intracellular antioxidant pathway, and they all have antimicrobial activity. These similarities do not imply that we should attribute the action of propolis solely to the most representative compounds. Moreover, its pharmacological effects will depend on the efficacy of these compounds’ extraction. Thus, we also give an overview of different propolis extraction technologies, from traditional to modern ones, which are environmentally friendlier. These technologies belong to an open research area that needs further effective solutions in terms of well-standardized liquid and solid extracts, which would be reliable in their pharmacological effects, environmentally friendly, and sustainable for production.

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Natural products with therapeutic potential in melanoma metastasis

Natural Product Reports ◽

10.1039/c4np00130c ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 32 (8) ◽

pp. 1170-1182 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

A. AlQathama ◽

J. M. Prieto

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Melanoma Cells ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Melanoma Metastasis ◽

Pharmacological Effects ◽

Cytotoxic Compounds

Natural products continue to provide lead cytotoxic compounds for cancer treatment but less attention has been given to antimigratory compounds. We here systematically and critically survey more than 30 natural products with direct in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects on migration and/or metastasis of melanoma cells and chart the mechanisms of action for this underexploited property.

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Pharmacological Properties of Curcumin

Advanced Pharmacological Uses of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products - Advances in Medical Diagnosis, Treatment, and Care ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-2094-9.ch012 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 235-248

Author(s):

Anuradha Singh

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Natural Product ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Clinical Settings ◽

Pharmacological Properties ◽

Pharmacological Effects ◽

The Poor ◽

Cellular Factors

Curcumin, the polyphenol natural product, is a constituent of the traditional medicine known as turmeric. Extensive research over the last 50 years has indicated that this polyphenol displays potent pharmacological effects by targeting many critical cellular factors through a diverse array of mechanisms of action. However, there are some obstacles that prevent this wonder molecule to be effective in clinical settings and limit its use to topical applications only. Curcumin has recently been classified as both PAINS (panassay interference compounds) and an IMPS (invalid metabolic panaceas) candidate. Due to likely false activity of curcumin in vitro and in vivo has resulted unsuccessful clinical trial of curcumin against several disease. The chapter will review the essential medicinal chemistry of curcumin as well as envisage a compilation and discussion on the poor bioavailability of curcumin.

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Pharmacological Effects of Active Compounds on Neurodegenerative Disease with Gastrodia and Uncaria Decoction, a Commonly Used Poststroke Decoction

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2013/896873 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Stanley C. C. Chik ◽

Terry C. T. Or ◽

D. Luo ◽

Cindy L. H. Yang ◽

Allan S. Y. Lau

Keyword(s):

Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Pharmacological Effects ◽

Effective Prevention ◽

Slowing Down ◽

Herbal Decoction ◽

New Treatment ◽

Neuronal Systems ◽

Alternative Remedies

Neurodegenerative diseases refer to the selective loss of neuronal systems in patients. The diseases cause high morbidity and mortality to approximately 22 million people worldwide and the number is expected to be tripled by 2050. Up to now, there is no effective prevention and treatment for the neurodegenerative diseases. Although some of the clinical therapies target at slowing down the progression of symptoms of the diseases, the general effectiveness of the drugs has been far from satisfactory. Traditional Chinese medicine becomes popular alternative remedies as it has been practiced clinically for more than thousands of years in China. As neurodegenerative diseases are mediated through different pathways, herbal decoction with multiple herbs is used as an effective therapeutic approach to work on multiple targets. Gastrodia and Uncaria Decoction, a popular TCM decoction, has been used to treat stroke in China. The decoction contains compounds including alkaloids, flavonoids, iridoids, carotenoids, and natural phenols, which have been found to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiapoptotic effects. In this review, we will summarize the recent publications of the pharmacological effects of these five groups of compounds. Understanding the mechanisms of action of these compounds may provide new treatment opportunities for the patients with neurodegenerative diseases.

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Paeonol: pharmacological effects and mechanisms of action

International Immunopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.intimp.2019.04.033 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 ◽

pp. 413-421 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Liang Zhang ◽

Deng-chang Li ◽

Li-fang Liu

Keyword(s):

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Pharmacological Effects

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Chronic Psychiatric Patients' Use of Caffeine: Pharmacological Effects and Mechanisms

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1996.78.3.915 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 78 (3) ◽

pp. 915-923 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Arnold Kruger

Keyword(s):

Public Education ◽

Psychotropic Drugs ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Psychiatric Inpatient ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Psychoactive Drug ◽

Pharmacological Effects ◽

Caffeine Consumption ◽

Potential Health ◽

Chronic Psychiatric Patients

The uses and effects of caffeine as a psychoactive drug in chronic psychiatric inpatient groups are described. Caffeine use and abuse is linked etiologically to diverse psychiatric disorders; its mechanisms of action are examined in relation to anxiety, anxiety neuroses, psychosis, schizophrenia, and caffeine intoxication and dependence. It is postulated that deleterious effects may result from the interaction of caffeine with commonly prescribed psychotropic drugs. A possible model of caffeine abuse is discussed. Increased public education about potential health problems related to caffeine consumption is suggested, and further controls of caffeine in psychiatric settings are recommended.

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Prospective pharmacological effects of psoralen photoxidation products and their cycloadducts with aminothiols: chemoinformatic analysis

Bulletin of Russian State Medical University ◽

10.24075/brsmu.2020.059 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

VV Skarga ◽

AD Zadorozhny ◽

BV Shilov ◽

EV Nevezhin ◽

VV Negrebetsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Broad Spectrum ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Therapeutic Use ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Pharmacological Effects ◽

Puva Therapy ◽

New Directions

Psoralens are medicinal photosensitizing furocoumarins which are used in photochemotherapy and photoimmunotherapy of dermatoses. Psoralen photooxidation products may be involved in therapeutic effects, but the possible mechanisms of their action remain unclear. The study was aimed to assess the prospective pharmacological effects and mechanisms of activity for six previously identified ortho–hydroxyformyl-containing psoralen photooxidation products and their cycloadducts with aminothiols, as well as for structurally similar compounds (furocoumaric acid and tucaresol). Chemoinformatic analysis of the prospective pharmacological effects and mechanisms of action of these compounds was performed using the PASS and PharmaExpert software. The predicted pharmacological effects partially confirmed by previous studies highlight the possible involvement of psoralen photooxidation products in the effects of PUVA therapy or photopheresis during the course of dermatoses and proliferative disorders treatment. A broad spectrum of pharmacological effects found for furocoumaric acid and cycloadducts of coumarinic and benzofuranic photoproducts of psoralen with cysteine and homocysteine appoints new directions of research relating to therapeutic use of psoralens.

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Targeting B cells in immune-mediated inflammatory disease: A comprehensive review of mechanisms of action and identification of biomarkers

Pharmacology & Therapeutics ◽

10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.01.001 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 125 (3) ◽

pp. 464-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

Thomas Dörner ◽

Nils Kinnman ◽

Paul P. Tak

Keyword(s):

B Cells ◽

Inflammatory Disease ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

Immune Mediated

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Portulaca oleraceaL.: A Review of Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Effects

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/925631 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Yan-Xi Zhou ◽

Hai-Liang Xin ◽

Khalid Rahman ◽

Su-Juan Wang ◽

Cheng Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Portulaca Oleracea ◽

Pharmacological Properties ◽

Pharmacological Effects ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Warm Climate ◽

Anticancer Activities

Portulaca oleraceaL., belonging to the Portulacaceae family, is commonly known as purslane in English and Ma-Chi-Xian in Chinese. It is a warm-climate, herbaceous succulent annual plant with a cosmopolitan distribution. It is eaten extensively as a potherb and added in soups and salads around the Mediterranean and tropical Asian countries and has been used as a folk medicine in many countries. Diverse compounds have been isolated fromPortulaca oleracea, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, fatty acids, terpenoids, sterols, proteins vitamins and minerals.Portulaca oleraceapossesses a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties such as neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiulcerogenic, and anticancer activities. However, few molecular mechanisms of action are known. This review provides a summary of phytochemistry and pharmacological effects of this plant.

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