scholarly journals Procedural Information and the Dynamics of Belief

2014 ◽  
pp. 135-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Pacuit
Keyword(s):  
Procedural Information

Raman Spectroscopy for the Analysis of Microplastics in Aquatic Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 000370282110431
Author(s):  
Veronica Nava ◽  
Maria Luce Frezzotti ◽  
Barbara Leoni
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
R Package ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Raman Analysis ◽  
Procedural Information ◽  
Chemical Fingerprints ◽  
The Status ◽  
Actual Material

Raman spectroscopy is gaining ground in the analysis of microplastics, especially due to its high spatial resolution that allows the investigation of small plastic particles, whose numeric abundance is argued to be particularly relevant in aquatic systems. Here, we aimed at outlining the status of Raman analysis of microplastics from aquatic systems, highlighting the advantages and the drawbacks of this technique and critically presenting tools and ways to effectively employ this instrument and to improve the spectra obtained and their interpretation. In particular, we summarized procedural information for the use of Raman spectroscopy, and we discussed issues linked to fluorescence interference and the analysis of weathered polymers, which may complicate the interpretation of Raman signatures. In this context, a deep understanding of the different plastic polymers and their Raman peaks and chemical fingerprints is fundamental to avoid misidentification. Therefore, we provided a catalog with detailed information about peaks of most common plastic polymers, and this represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first comprehensive resource that systematically synthesized plastic Raman peaks. Additionally, we focused on plastic additives, which are contained in the majority of plastics. These compounds are often intense in Raman scattering and may partly or completely overlie the actual material types, resulting in the identification of additives alone or misidentification issue. For these reasons, we also presented a new R package “RamanMP” that includes a database of 356 spectra (325 of which are additives). This will help to foster the use of this technique, which is becoming especially relevant in microplastic analysis.

‘If I knew what was going to happen, it wouldn’t worry me so much’: Children’s, parents’ and health professionals’ perspectives on information for children undergoing a procedure

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 626-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Bray ◽  
Victoria Appleton ◽  
Ashley Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Procedural Information ◽  
Low Levels

Children undergoing procedures such as blood tests and X-rays experience less anxiety and upset if they are well prepared and informed. Currently the provision of information about procedures can be ad hoc and there are barriers to children understanding this information. This study explored the perspectives of 32 children undergoing procedures (aged between 8 and 12 years), 27 parents and 19 health professionals on the provision of preparatory information to children. Qualitative interviews, prompted by visual images, were thematically analysed. The three themes, ‘accessing information’, ‘understanding information’ and ‘using information’, resonated with the central tenets of health literacy. Children reported mainly accessing information second-hand through their parents and demonstrated misconceptions about their procedure. Children identified that procedural information would help them to know what was going to happen and enable them to feel less worried and scared about their procedure. This study highlights that children can have low levels of health literacy in relation to a planned procedure. Their health literacy in this context is heavily influenced by the adults (parents and health professionals) around them. There needs to be further work conducted, informed directly by children, to improve the health literacy of children attending hospital for planned procedures.

scholarly journals Wide-neck bifurcation aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery and basilar apex treated by endovascular techniques: a multicentre, core lab adjudicated study evaluating safety and durability of occlusion (BRANCH)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reade A De Leacy ◽  
Kyle M Fargen ◽  
Justin R Mascitelli ◽  
Johanna Fifi ◽  
Lena Turkheimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Endovascular Techniques ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Procedural Information ◽  
Morbidity Data ◽  
Aneurysm Morphology ◽  
Wide Neck

Background and purposeBRANCH (wide-neck bifurcation aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery and basilar apex treated by endovascular techniques) is a multicentre, retrospective study comparing core lab evaluation of angiographic outcomes with self-reported outcomes.Materials and methodsConsecutive patients were enrolled from 10 US centres, aged between 18 and 85 with unruptured wide-neck middle cerebral artery (MCA) or basilar apex aneurysms treated endovascularly. Patient demographics, aneurysm morphology, procedural information, mortality and morbidity data and core lab and self-reported modified Raymond Roy (RR) outcomes were obtained.Results115 patients met inclusion criteria. Intervention-related mortality and significant morbidity rates were 1.7% (2/115) and 5.8% (6/103) respectively. Core lab adjudicated RR1 and 2 occlusion rates at follow-up were 30.6% and 32.4% respectively. The retreatment rate within the follow-up window was 10/115 (8.7%) and in stent stenosis at follow-up was 5/63 (7.9%). Self-reporting shows a statistically significant direction to angiographic RR one outcomes at follow-up compared with core lab evaluation, with OR 1.75 (95% CI 1.08 to 2.83).ConclusionEndovascular treatment of wide-neck MCA and basilar apex aneurysms resulted in a core lab adjudicated RR1 occlusion rate of 30.6%. Self-reported results at follow-up favour better angiographic outcomes, with OR 1.75 (95% CI 1.08 to 2.83). These data demonstrate the need for novel endovascular devices specifically designed to treat complex intracranial aneurysms, as well as the importance of core lab adjudication in assessing outcomes in such a trial.

Assessment of higher education students’ information problem-solving skills in educational sciences

2020 ◽  
pp. 026666692097618
Author(s):  
Consuelo Garcia ◽  
Esther Argelagós ◽  
Jesús Privado
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Procedural Information ◽  
Information Problem Solving ◽  
Information Problem ◽  
Educational Sciences

Many of the current tests that evaluate information problem-solving skills suffer from ecological validity weakness and from library-bias. The Procedural Information Problem-Solving Knowledge Evaluation in Education test (PIKE-E) aims to assess information problem-solving skills of college students in relation to an academic literature review task in educational sciences. It entails a confirmatory analysis of the PIKE-P test in which it is based. The PIKE-E was completed by 700 students from three different Spanish-speaking countries. In our research, we do not assume that information problem solving skills at the international and cultural level are equal, but Internet access is practically the same in higher education. Results show the existence of five first-order factors, Defining the research question, Search strategies planning, Searching and locating sources, Selecting and processing information and Organizing and presenting information, and a general single second-order factor, Information problem-solving, which coincide with contemporary theoretical models on information literacy. The PIKE-E can be used to tackle in which specific areas concerning information skills development, students entering education degrees need to improve to succeed in their studies.

scholarly journals Comparison of Post-Creation Procedures and Costs between Surgical and an Endovascular Approach to Arteriovenous Fistula Creation

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. S8-S14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Yang ◽  
Charmaine Lok ◽  
Renee Arnold ◽  
Dheeraj Rajan ◽  
Marc Glickman
Keyword(s):  
Event Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Arteriovenous Graft ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Procedural Information ◽  
Endovascular Approach ◽  
Event Rates ◽  
Baseline Demographic

Introduction Due to early and late failures that may occur with surgically created hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas (SAVF), post-creation procedures are commonly required to facilitate AVF maturation and maintain patency. This study compared AVF post-creation procedures and their associated costs in patients with SAVF to patients with a new endovascularly created AVF (endoAVF). Methods A 5% random sample from Medicare Standard Analytical Files was abstracted to determine post- creation procedures and associated costs for SAVF created from 2011 to 2013. Medicare enrollment during the 6 months prior to and after the AVF creation was required. Patients’ follow-up inpatient, outpatient, and physician claims were used to identify post-creation procedures and to estimate average procedure costs. Comparative procedural information on endoAVF was obtained from the Novel Endovascular Access Trial (NEAT). Results Of 3764 Medicare SAVF patients, 60 successfully matched to endoAVF patients using 1:1 propensity score matching of baseline demographic and clinical characteristics. The total post-creation procedural event rate within 1 year was lower for endoAVF patients (0.59 per patient-year) compared to the matched SAVF cohort (3.43 per patient-year; p<0.05). In the endoAVF cohort, event rates of angioplasty, thrombectomy, revision, catheter placement, subsequent arteriovenous graft (AVG), new SAVF, and vascular access-related infection were all significantly lower than in the SAVF cohort. The average first year cost per patient-year associated with post-creation procedures was estimated at US$11,240 USD lower for endoAVF than for SAVF. Conclusions Compared to patients with SAVF, patients with endoAVF required fewer post-creation procedures and had lower associated mean costs within the first year.

Relative Value of Pictures and Text in Conveying Information: Performance and Memory Evaluations

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (13) ◽  
pp. 1269-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur D. Fisk ◽  
Mark W. Scerbo ◽  
Richard F. Kobylak
Keyword(s):  
Programmed Instruction ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Job Aids ◽  
Procedural Information ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Present Information ◽  
Procedural Instructions ◽  
Documentation Work

This paper describes the results of two experiments that examine the relative value of pictures and text for transmitting information in technical documentation. Work on this topic is required because, at present, there are few guidelines for deciding how to present information to communicate procedural information (such as technical manuals, job aids, programmed instruction, etc) when decisions must be made between pictures and text (as they often must when attempting to computerize documentation). The results of both experiments do provide some support for previous research showing that it is best to provide procedural instructions both pictorially and textually. An important finding was that if performance speed is important then, as expected, pictures are generally preferable to textual instructions; however, if memory of the instructions is important and instructional designs cannot predict what environment subjects may be faced with (at least if recognition is critical) then textual instruction should be provided because it appears that it provides more flexibility in usage.

Evaluation of Computer-Based Progress Indicators in the Missile Launch Control Center

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Terence S. Andre ◽  
A. Reza Pouraghabagher
Keyword(s):  
Error Rates ◽  
Crew Member ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Procedural Information ◽  
System User ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Overall Performance

Missile crew members are subject to certain inefficiencies in the daily operations of maintaining a missile on strategic alert. A computer-based display of procedural information offers several features that can assist a missile crew member. One of these features is the capability to provide progress information (i.e., feedback) to the operator during checklist execution. An experiment was conducted to examine differences between experts and non-experts in three computer-based formats with respect to the current paper-based system. The computer-based formats varied as to the type of feedback provided to the operators. The results indicated that experts responded faster and more accurately than non-experts. Computer-based checklists allowed experts and non-experts to substantially reduce their error rates compared to the paper-based system. User-initiated scrolling time for the computer-based formats had no impact on overall performance.

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