Reducing the Gap Between Science, Policy and Practice: The Role of Civil Protection

AbstractAlmost 5 million children attend preschool in the United States each year. Recent attention has been paid to the ways in which preschool classrooms shape children's early language development. In this article, we discuss the importance of peers and classroom composition through the lens of age and socioeconomic status and the implications for children's early learning and development. We also discuss the direct and indirect mechanisms through which classroom peers may shape each other's language development. As part of this discussion, we focus on exposure to peer language and engagement with peers, along with teachers' classroom practices. We conclude by discussing the ways in which teachers can ensure that children in classrooms of different compositions reap the maximum benefit, along with implications for research, policy, and practice.

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A Look Back: Church, state, and Kappan

Phi Delta Kappan ◽

10.1177/0031721721992557 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 102 (5) ◽

pp. 5-7

Author(s):

Teresa Preston

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Supreme Court ◽

School Policy ◽

Policy And Practice ◽

Religious Instruction ◽

Look Back ◽

Diverse World ◽

Supreme Court Rulings ◽

Role Of Religion

In this monthly column, Kappan managing editor Teresa Preston looks back at how the magazine has covered questions related to the role of religion in public schools. Authors considered how Supreme Court rulings affected school policy and practice, whether religious instruction is necessary for promoting positive values, and how to encourage respect in a religiously diverse world.

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Preparedness and response in Portuguese emergency plans - Interaction with public health

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.868 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

G Leiras ◽

A Martins

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Authority ◽

Civil Protection ◽

Emergency Plans ◽

Emergency Situations ◽

Health Measures ◽

Health Authorities ◽

Public Health Authorities ◽

Protection Authority

Abstract Background Articulation between Civil Protection and Public Health authorities is of paramount importance to control, reduce and prevent threats to the health of the population in situations of crisis or catastrophes. National Civil Protection Authority produces Emergency Plans which describe the role of every stakeholder in emergency situations. Role and importance of Public Health and Public Health Authorities is not always present or well described and known amongst stakeholders. Methods Data was collected from all Districtal Emergency Plans (n = 18). Each document was analysed considering time frame, refences to Public Health and Health Authorities, definition of roles, communication channels, coordination and inclusion of intersectoral communication flow. Quantitative analysis included absolute and relative frequencies and qualitative analysis to all parts related to the terms “Public Health” and “Health Authority”. Each document was reviewed by 2 independent researchers. Results From 18 Districtal Emergency Plans (DEP) analysed, 94,4% (n = 17) had references to Public Health, but none referred the role of Public Health Officers. Only 16,7% referred to Health Authorities, although 94,4% mentioned the law 135/2013, defining the role and attributes of Health Authority. In 72,2%, coordination of Public Health Measures was attributed to the National Medical Emergency Institute. Epidemiological surveillance and Public Health Emergencies were referred in 55,6%, and attributed to the Regional Administration of Health. Conclusions Public Health Authorities and Public Health Medical Officers role in articulation with National Civil Protection Authority in emergency situations lacks severely, with this role being replaced by other entities. This is of great concern regarding management and control of diseases, particularly communicable diseases. Key messages Public Health Authorities lack the necessary involvement in Emergency Plans and emergency situations. Public health measures are coordinated by other entities rather than Public Health Authorities.

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Health(y) education: A critical analysis of the role of public health regulation in and on tertiary education in Aotearoa New Zealand

Policy Futures in Education ◽

10.1177/1478210321995013 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 147821032199501

Author(s):

Susan Shaw ◽

Keith Tudor

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

New Zealand ◽

Critical Analysis ◽

Tertiary Education ◽

Power Dynamics ◽

Policy And Practice ◽

Educational Design ◽

Aotearoa New Zealand ◽

Public Health Regulation

This article offers a critical analysis of the role of public health regulation on tertiary education in Aotearoa New Zealand and, specifically, the requirements and processes of Responsible Authorities under the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act for the accreditation and monitoring of educational institutions and their curricula (degrees, courses of studies, or programmes). It identifies and discusses a number of issues concerned with the requirements of such accreditation and monitoring, including, administrative requirements and costs, structural requirements, and the implications for educational design. Concerns with the processes of these procedures, namely the lack of educational expertise on the part of the Responsible Authorities, and certain manifested power dynamics are also highlighted. Finally, the article draws conclusions for changing policy and practice.

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The role of organizational learning in soft regulation of workplace gender equality

Employee Relations ◽

10.1108/er-01-2016-0022 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 317-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Johanna Macneil ◽

Ziheng Liu

Keyword(s):

Organizational Learning ◽

Gender Equality ◽

Significant Shift ◽

Policy And Practice ◽

Content Type ◽

Large Organization ◽

Regulatory Processes ◽

Responsible Government ◽

Reported Data

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain progress, or the lack of it, in achieving workplace gender equality goals prescribed by affirmative action regulation by using concepts from soft regulation and organizational learning. Design/methodology/approach The research design is a longitudinal study (2002-2012) of a critical case, that of a single large organization in the male-dominated steel manufacturing, distribution and mining industries. The case focusses on the evidence about organizational learning to be found in that organization’s reports to government on its activities to promote workplace gender equality. Findings While other factors play a role, the apparent failure of the soft regulation to generate a significant shift in gender equality outcomes may also be attributed to ineffective organizational learning, demonstrated by the absence of systematic reflection within the organization on how to improve workplace gender equality, and the lack of firm targets and external benchmarking. Research limitations/implications Self-reported data may be overstated or incomplete. More research is needed to confirm the nature of the specific learning processes occurring within organizations. Practical implications Absent the advent of hard sanctions in workplace gender equality regulation, the responsible government agencies may find it valuable to focus on ways to encourage target organizations to develop competence in organizational learning. Social implications More effective gender equality regulation may change organizational policy and practice and improve work opportunities for women. Originality/value Rather than concluding that the only alternative, when soft regulation is unsuccessful, is hard regulation, this paper shifts the focus to ways that soft regulatory processes might be improved to strengthen their effect.

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Open science reforms: Strengths, challenges, and future directions

10.35542/osf.io/sgfy8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kathryn R. Wentzel

Keyword(s):

Research Design ◽

Educational Psychology ◽

Open Science ◽

Policy And Practice ◽

Future Directions ◽

Science Practices ◽

Research Findings ◽

Potential Benefits ◽

The Impact

In this article, I comment on the potential benefits and limitations of open science reforms for improving the transparency and accountability of research, and enhancing the credibility of research findings within communities of policy and practice. Specifically, I discuss the role of replication and reproducibility of research in promoting better quality studies, the identification of generalizable principles, and relevance for practitioners and policymakers. Second, I suggest that greater attention to theory might contribute to the impact of open science practices, and discuss ways in which theory has implications for sampling, measurement and research design. Ambiguities concerning the aims of preregistration and registered reports also are highlighted. In conclusion, I discuss structural roadblocks to open science reform and reflect on the relevance of these reforms for educational psychology.

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Social and Familial Childrearing: An Examination of Daycare and the Modern Family

Journal of Education ◽

10.1177/002205748316500406 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 165 (4) ◽

pp. 375-397

Author(s):

Carol S. Klass

Keyword(s):

Historical Perspective ◽

National Policy ◽

American Family ◽

Policy And Practice ◽

High Quality ◽

Self Identity ◽

The Family ◽

Modern Family ◽

Changing Patterns

American families' need for out-of-home childcare increases at an accelerated rate each year; yet our society lacks a policy for—and even a national commitment to—high-quality daycare. Such a national policy needs to be formulated within an examination of the tensions between social and familial childrearing. This essay explores these contextual issues from a historical perspective. The essay discusses: first, changes in the family as they relate to changes in the economy and polity; second, the role of the family as the basis for the young child's self-identity and internalization of society's values and practices; and third, the potential implications of changing patterns of the structure and functioning of the American family. Finally, the essay examines historical and current daycare policy and practice in relation to the family and the broader social structure.

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Nutritional Genomics and Dietetic Professional Practice

Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research ◽

10.3148/69.4.2008.177 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 177-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Milly Ryan-Harshman ◽

Ellen Vogel ◽

Holly Jones-Taggart ◽

Julia Green-Johnson ◽

David Castle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Professionals ◽

New Technology ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Lipid Profiles ◽

Policy And Practice ◽

Ethics Policy ◽

Associated Conditions ◽

Nutritional Genomics

Nutrigenomics is concerned with the role of nutrients in gene expression, and nutrigenetics is the study of how genetic variants or polymorphisms (mutations) can affect responses to nutrients; nutritional genomics is the umbrella term. Nutritional genomics can be expected to revolutionize the way dietitians and other health professionals identify people with chronic diseases and treat those diseases. Understanding the science of nutritional genomics is important to dietitians and other health professionals because major scientific advancements such as this usually have a significant impact on ethics, policy, and practice. Blood lipid profiles are one area in which nutritional genomics has quickly advanced knowledge. New knowledge is available on blood lipid profiles and associated conditions, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. New technology has also had an impact on policy and practice issues, and ethics is an important issue to consider.

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A rights-based analysis of disaster risk reduction framework in Zimbabwe and its implications for policy and practice

Jàmbá Journal of Disaster Risk Studies ◽

10.4102/jamba.v5i2.81 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pathias P. Bongo ◽

Paul Chipangura ◽

Mkhokheli Sithole ◽

Funa Moyo

Keyword(s):

Risk Reduction ◽

Critical Analysis ◽

Disaster Risk Reduction ◽

Field Research ◽

Disaster Risk ◽

Institutional Arrangements ◽

Management Policy ◽

Civil Protection ◽

Policy And Practice ◽

Potential Benefits

This paper examines closely the institutional arrangements for disaster risk reduction from a rights-based perspective. In Zimbabwe, the disaster risk reduction framework and the ensuing practice have not yet accommodated some of the most vulnerable and excluded groups, especially the terminally ill, people with disabilities and the very poor. Top-down approaches to disaster management have largely been blamed for lack of resilience and poor preparedness on the part of sections of society that are hard hit by disasters. Often, disaster risk reduction has also been modeled along the needs and priorities of able-bodied people, whilst largely excluding those with various forms of impairments. Against this background, this paper is based on field research on people’s disaster risk experiences in four districts of Zimbabwe, with a special emphasis on the disaster risk reduction framework. It provides a critical analysis of the disaster risk reduction framework in Zimbabwe, focusing on the various forms of disadvantages to different categories of people that the current framework has tended to generate. The paper thus examines the current disaster risk reduction framework as largely informed by the Civil Protection Act and the Disaster Risk Management Policy Draft as revised in 2011. Crucial at this stage is the need to interrogate the disaster risk reduction framework, right from formulation processes with regard to participation and stakeholders, particularly the grassroots people who bear the greatest brunt of vulnerability, shocks, stresses and trends. In conclusion, the paper stresses the potential benefits of adopting an inclusive, rights-based thrust to disaster risk reduction in Zimbabwe.

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