Tools of Transformation: From Small Scale Progress to Structural Change

2019 ◽  
pp. 193-208
Author(s):  
Guus ter Haar ◽  
Lucas Simons
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Small Scale

scholarly journals Interplay between structural change in Central Asian agriculture and institutional scarcity of land and water: evidence from Tajikistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Insa Theesfeld ◽  
Frederike Klümper
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Institutional Relations ◽  
Access Rights ◽  
Third Dimension

Abstract:This contribution focuses on the interaction between structural change in agriculture and the availability of key natural resources – land and water. The relationship is not unidimensional; therefore, we propose three dimensions of resource-induced structural change. The first dimension describes the links between the two critical input factors into agricultural production, namely land and water. To systematize this perspective, we use the concept of linking patterns that depict direct and indirect intersectoral linkages from a property rights perspective. Second, we examinee the dimension of how structural change in agriculture can be triggered by scarcity of natural resources. The third dimension describes structural change that may lead to overuse and scarcity. In this regard, we introduce resource scarcity not only as physical but most important as institutional scarcity. To illustrate these dimensions, we have chosen a case in Central Asia, where the availability and the control of access and withdrawal rights to land and water is of utmost importance for the agricultural sector. Tajikistan faces physical and institutional scarcity in arable land. The institutional scarcity is due to the non-transparent and costly processes that need to be followed to gain land rights. Likewise there is sufficient supply in water, in Tajikistan, but the de-facto access rights to water are limited for some groups. For instance, the post-socialist irrigation infrastructure is now inappropriate to serve all small-scale users on a canal. In the future, land use change due to a predicted increase of major investors, will have additional impact on the de-facto water rights. We conclude that a solid study not only on the physical but also on the institutional relations of agriculture to natural resources is important to come to reliable predictions of structural change in agriculture. We also show that structural change in agriculture may have wider implications for rural society that go beyond the agricultural sector.

Corporations are people: Emblematic scales of brand personification among Asian American youth

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Classroom Discourse ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Racial Boundaries ◽  
Supplementary School ◽  
Asian American Youth ◽  
Class And Status ◽  
Temporal Dimensions ◽  
Corporate Brands

AbstractThis article examines the use of corporate names as personal nicknames for Asian American youth. The analysis traces the meanings of these nicknaming practices through the concepts of brand personification (how figures of personhood are recruited as embodiments of corporate brands) and emblematic scales (how signs of personhood emerge across trajectories of use and scales of time). Within the crossracial institutional structure of an Asian American supplementary school, these nicknaming practices not only formulate speech, participants, relationships, and settings as informal, but also infuse the nicknamed with brand qualities linked to race, nation, class, and status. These practices also generate fleeting and stable frameworks of group distinction and adequation that operate simultaneously or cyclically and that maintain or transgress classroom roles and racial boundaries. This article demonstrates how an attention to temporal dimensions enables researchers to explore the ways in which small-scale activities accumulate across events and assemble into wider scale structural change. (Nickname, brand, emblem, timescale, trajectory, Asian American youth, race, classroom discourse)*

Structural Change and Growth of Manufacturing Industries in Punjab: Post-Reforms Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 389-396
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Unskilled Labour

After the economic reforms of July 1991, the process of structural change led to jumping from the primary sector of the economy to tertiary by surpassing the secondary sector in India and Punjab in particular. Indeed, this process led to a rapid decline in the capacity of the manufacturing sector to offer jobs and the limited scope of the modern services sector to absorb relatively unskilled labour that was displaced from agriculture, which resulted in uneven growth of the economy, and increased unemployment. The study analysed these structural changes and its implications on the growth of production and employment of the manufacturing sector in Punjab. It was found that since the 1990s, the growth of manufacturing sector in Punjab was stagnant, whereas the trends in production and employment were declining. So, to achieve the optimum level of employment opportunities and mitigate the current crisis looming in the state of Punjab, there is a need to design a mechanism for encouraging investments in manufacturing sector particularly, in small scale industries as these industries have a greater advantage over medium/large scale units, because it uses local inputs, creates more employment opportunities and needs less start-up capital than the latter.

scholarly journals Indirectly probing the structural change in ion-irradiated Zr-Based metallic glasses from small scale mechanical tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 106794
Author(s):  
Tingkun Liu ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Miguel L. Crespillo ◽  
Ke Jin ◽  
Yanwen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Metallic Glasses ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Small Scale

From possession to obligation via shifting distributions and particular constructions

Diachronica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Written Texts

Studies of grammaticalization have identified a tendency for verbs of possession to develop modal meanings (Bybee et al. 1994, Heine & Kuteva 2002). I present evidence of the mechanisms contributing to both semantic and structural change in one such instance, the Modern Spanish deontic modal construction [tener que + Inf] “to have to”. Quantitative analysis of a corpus of written texts confirms that this process is gradual and layered, exhibiting semantic changes measurable in the ratio of lexical infinitive types to total tokens of the constructions, changing tendencies in the construction’s internal structure and the presence of highly frequent, lexically particular instances of tener que. This study presents quantifiable manifestations of grammaticalization processes that do not adhere to a linear, uniform cline and are consistently variable, even on a small scale.

scholarly journals Long-Lasting, But Not Transformative. An Ex-post Sustainability Study of Development Interventions of Private Development Initiatives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Kinsbergen ◽  
Dirk-Jan Koch ◽  
Christine Plaisier ◽  
Lau Schulpen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Development Interventions ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Development Initiatives ◽  
Financial Dependency

AbstractThis article presents the results of the first ex-post sustainability study among 93 development interventions implemented between 1990 and 2008 in Kenya, India, South Africa, and Ghana. The interventions were undertaken by 42 different local organisations with support from an equal number of Dutch small-scale, voluntary development organisations. We find that a large number of interventions still achieve the intended output and outcome results. The results show no differences between interventions that took place 5, 10, or 15 years before the study. Financial dependency on the Dutch partner organisations remains large. The levels of sustainability differed significantly between the four countries, with Kenya and South Africa portraying the most positive picture. In addition, the results indicate that the majority of the interventions are focusing on the direct reduction of poverty: offering concrete support to people through the provision of basic needs. While many local organisations expect that these interventions will also contribute to more structural change, the findings of this study question this supposed transformative effect.

scholarly journals A theory of scaling for community-based fisheries management

AMBIO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk J. Steenbergen ◽  
Andrew M. Song ◽  
Neil Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Multiple Levels

AbstractCommunity-based approaches to fisheries management has emerged as a mainstream strategy to govern dispersed, diverse and dynamic small scale fisheries. However, amplifying local community led sustainability outcomes remains an enduring challenge. We seek to fill a theoretical gap in the conceptualization of ‘scaling up community-based fisheries management’. We draw on literature of agriculture innovations to provide a framework that takes into account process-driven and structural change occurring across multiple levels of governance, as well as different phases of scaling. We hypothesize that successful scaling requires engagement with all aspects of a governing regime, coalescing a range of actors, and therefore, is an enterprise that is larger than its parts. To demonstrate where the framework offers value, we illustrate the development of community-based fisheries management in Vanuatu according to the framework’s main scaling dimensions.

Reasons to strike first

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Buckner ◽  
Luke Glowacki
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Small Scale

Abstract De Dreu and Gross predict that attackers will have more difficulty winning conflicts than defenders. As their analysis is presumed to capture the dynamics of decentralized conflict, we consider how their framework compares with ethnographic evidence from small-scale societies, as well as chimpanzee patterns of intergroup conflict. In these contexts, attackers have significantly more success in conflict than predicted by De Dreu and Gross's model. We discuss the possible reasons for this disparity.

Exploring Coronal Structures with SOHO

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 403-406
Author(s):  
M. Karovska ◽  
B. Wood ◽  
J. Chen ◽  
J. Cook ◽  
R. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Solar Corona ◽  
Image Enhancement ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
Dynamical Evolution ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Contrast Structures ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Small Scale Structures ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractWe applied advanced image enhancement techniques to explore in detail the characteristics of the small-scale structures and/or the low contrast structures in several Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) observed by SOHO. We highlight here the results from our studies of the morphology and dynamical evolution of CME structures in the solar corona using two instruments on board SOHO: LASCO and EIT.

Electron Microscopy of Shock Loaded Polycrystalline Beryllium

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 506-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Galbraith ◽  
L. E. Murr ◽  
A. L. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Shock Loading ◽  
Slip Systems ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Uniaxial compression tests and hydrostatic tests at pressures up to 27 kbars have been performed to determine operating slip systems in single crystal and polycrystal1ine beryllium. A recent study has been made of wave propagation in single crystal beryllium by shock loading to selectively activate various slip systems, and this has been followed by a study of wave propagation and spallation in textured, polycrystal1ine beryllium. An alteration in the X-ray diffraction pattern has been noted after shock loading, but this alteration has not yet been correlated with any structural change occurring during shock loading of polycrystal1ine beryllium.This study is being conducted in an effort to characterize the effects of shock loading on textured, polycrystal1ine beryllium. Samples were fabricated from a billet of Kawecki-Berylco hot pressed HP-10 beryllium.

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