Definition of Data Sharing Agreements

2015 ◽  
pp. 248-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Egea ◽  
Ilaria Matteucci ◽  
Paolo Mori ◽  
Marinella Petrocchi
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Definition Of

scholarly journals Augmented Reality Media (Ed.AR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 2060-2062
Author(s):  
Mr. Prathamesh Shrinivas Sahasrabhojane
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Text Format ◽  
Optical Device ◽  
Virtual Objects ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Media Applications

The lack of realistic and interactive use in social media applications is the main problem. We will try to solve it by using Augmented Reality. An innovation in development, Augmented Reality is a new sort of technology that superimposes virtual objects into "Reality" by use of a smartphone, optical device, or tablet screen. We will be using this technology to make application, which will be used as a replacement for traditional text based social and data sharing applications. People are using Social media, forums and other communication Medias tremendously from past few years. We noticed that all such applications and resources are basically in text format and this trend is followed by all the applications until now. Using Augmented Reality in such cases will change the definition of such media applications. That is why we decided to follow this concept and make a project using it.

scholarly journals Data sovereigns for the world economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunlei Tang ◽  
Joseph M. Plasek ◽  
Yangyong Zhu ◽  
Yajun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Consumer Sovereignty ◽  
Data Resource ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Data Products ◽  
Economic Agglomeration ◽  
Data Portability ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

AbstractWith the rise of data capital and its instantaneous economic effects, existing data-sharing agreements have become complicated and are insufficient for capitalizing on the full value of the data resource. The challenge is to figure out how to derive benefits from data via the right to data portability. Among these, data ownership issues are complex and currently lack a concept that enables the right to data portability, is conducive to the free flow of cross-border data, and assists in the economic agglomeration of cyberspace. We propose defining the term “data sovereign” as a person or entity with the ability to possess and protect the data. First, the word “sovereign” is borrowed from the fundamental economic notion of William H. Hutt’s “consumer sovereignty.” This notion of sovereignty is strengthened by Max Weber’s classic definition of “power” – the ability to possess any resource. We envision that data capital would provide greater “cross-border” convenience for engaging in transactions and exchanges with very different cultures and societies. In our formulation, data sovereign status is achieved when one both possesses the data and can defend any attack on that data. Using “force” to protect data does not imply an abandonment of data sharing. Rather, it should be easy for an organization to enable the sharing of data and data products internally or with trusted partners. Examples of an attack on the data might be a data breach scandal, identity theft, or data terrorism. In the future, numerous tedious, time-consuming, non-artistry, manual occupational tasks can be replaced by data products that are part of a global data economy.

The GGOS Bureau of Products and Standards

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detlef Angermann ◽  
Thomas Gruber ◽  
Michael Gerstl ◽  
Robert Heinkelmann ◽  
Urs Hugentobler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Working Group ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Earth System Modeling ◽  
The Earth ◽  
External Stakeholders ◽  
Definition Of

<p>This presentation gives a summary of the role and the activities of the Bureau of Products and Standards (BPS) to support IAG’s Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) in its goal to provide observations and consistent geodetic products needed to monitor, map and understand changes in the Earth’s shape, rotation and mass distribution. In its present structure, the two Committees “Earth System Modeling” and “Essential Geodetic Variables” as well as the Working Group “Towards a consistent set of parameters for the definition of a new GRS” are associated with the BPS. A key objective of the BPS is to keep track and to foster homogenization of adopted geodetic standards and conventions across all IAG components as a fundamental basis for the generation of consistent geometric and gravimetric products. Towards this aim, an updated 2<sup>nd</sup> version of the BPS inventory of standards and conventions used for the generation of IAG products has been published in the Geodesist’s Handbook 2020. In the framework of the renewing of the GGOS website, the BPS supports the GGOS Coordinating Office in particular regarding the representation of geodetic products. Furthermore, the BPS contributes to the rewriting of the IERS Conventions as Chapter Expert for Chapter 1 “General definitions and numerical standards” and interacts with external stakeholders regarding standards and conventions, such as ISO, IAU, BIPM, CODATA and the UN GGIM Subcommittee on Geodesy, including its Working Group “Data Sharing and Development of Geodetic Standards”.</p>

scholarly journals The intertwining of reputation and sharing – The significance of standardization in preparing research data and the impact of project organization

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Saskia-Rabea Schrade
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Special Form ◽  
Research Data ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Data Preparation ◽  
Project Organization ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
Share Data ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Despite efforts to increase scientists’ willingness to share research data political stakeholders and funding agencies, there is still a discrepancy between scientists’ attitude toward data sharing and their actual practice. In a first step, this paper takes a close look at scientists’ definition of research data and the influence of project organization on scientist’ willingness to share data by analyzing interviews with scientists of three different disciplines. As the analysis shows, talking about “data sharing” should always happen in the context of data preparation and its various steps. Additionally, the influence of external factors such as a special form of project organization seems to be limited.

scholarly journals Data Management and Sharing for Collaborative Science: Lessons Learnt From the Euromammals Initiative

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinando Urbano ◽  
Francesca Cagnacci ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Shared Data ◽  
Metadata Standards ◽  
Definition Of

The current and future consequences of anthropogenic impacts such as climate change and habitat loss on ecosystems will be better understood and therefore addressed if diverse ecological data from multiple environmental contexts are more effectively shared. Re-use requires that data are readily available to the scientific scrutiny of the research community. A number of repositories to store shared data have emerged in different ecological domains and developments are underway to define common data and metadata standards. Nevertheless, the goal is far from being achieved and many challenges still need to be addressed. The definition of best practices for data sharing and re-use can benefit from the experience accumulated by pilot collaborative projects. The Euromammals bottom-up initiative has pioneered collaborative science in spatial animal ecology since 2007. It involves more than 150 institutes to address scientific, management and conservation questions regarding terrestrial mammal species in Europe using data stored in a shared database. In this manuscript we present some key lessons that we have learnt from the process of making shared data and knowledge accessible to researchers and we stress the importance of data management for data quality assurance. We suggest putting in place a pro-active data review before data are made available in shared repositories via robust technical support and users’ training in data management and standards. We recommend pursuing the definition of common data collection protocols, data and metadata standards, and shared vocabularies with direct involvement of the community to boost their implementation. We stress the importance of knowledge sharing, in addition to data sharing. We show the crucial relevance of collaborative networking with pro-active involvement of data providers in all stages of the scientific process. Our main message is that for data-sharing collaborative efforts to obtain substantial and durable scientific returns, the goals should not only consist in the creation of e-infrastructures and software tools but primarily in the establishment of a network and community trust. This requires moderate investment, but over long-term horizons.

Introductory paper

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
W. W. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Line Intensity ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Spectral Classification ◽  
Dimensional Array ◽  
Rr Lyrae ◽  
Metallic Line ◽  
Introductory Paper ◽  
Parameter Varying ◽  
Definition Of

1. The definition of “normal” stars in spectral classification changes with time; at the time of the publication of theYerkes Spectral Atlasthe term “normal” was applied to stars whose spectra could be fitted smoothly into a two-dimensional array. Thus, at that time, weak-lined spectra (RR Lyrae and HD 140283) would have been considered peculiar. At the present time we would tend to classify such spectra as “normal”—in a more complicated classification scheme which would have a parameter varying with metallic-line intensity within a specific spectral subdivision.

2.2. Working Group 2: Conceptual Definitions of Reference Coordinate Systems for Earth Dynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Working Group ◽  
General Character ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Reference Coordinate System ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Earth Dynamics

An ideal definition of a reference coordinate system should meet the following general requirements:1. It should be as conceptually simple as possible, so its philosophy is well understood by the users.2. It should imply as few physical assumptions as possible. Wherever they are necessary, such assumptions should be of a very general character and, in particular, they should not be dependent upon astronomical and geophysical detailed theories.3. It should suggest a materialization that is dynamically stable and is accessible to observations with the required accuracy.

Symbiotic Stars at Optical, Infrared and Radio Wavelengths

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 125-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Type Star ◽  
Stellar Systems ◽  
Symbiotic Stars ◽  
Lower Excitation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Original Type

No paper of this nature should begin without a definition of symbiotic stars. It was Paul Merrill who, borrowing on his botanical background, coined the termsymbioticto describe apparently single stellar systems which combine the TiO absorption of M giants (temperature regime ≲ 3500 K) with He II emission (temperature regime ≳ 100,000 K). He and Milton Humason had in 1932 first drawn attention to three such stars: AX Per, CI Cyg and RW Hya. At the conclusion of the Mount Wilson Ha emission survey nearly a dozen had been identified, and Z And had become their type star. The numbers slowly grew, as much because the definition widened to include lower-excitation specimens as because new examples of the original type were found. In 1970 Wackerling listed 30; this was the last compendium of symbiotic stars published.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Initial Polymerization Sites Indicated During Mitochondrial Oxidation of Diaminobenzidine after Toluene Treatment

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 408-409
Author(s):  
W. A. Shannon ◽  
M. A. Matlib
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Precise Definition ◽  
Cytochemical Localization ◽  
Oxidative Reaction ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxidation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Exogenous Substrates

Numerous studies have dealt with the cytochemical localization of cytochrome oxidase via cytochrome c. More recent studies have dealt with indicating initial foci of this reaction by altering incubation pH (1) or postosmication procedure (2,3). The following study is an attempt to locate such foci by altering membrane permeability. It is thought that such alterations within the limits of maintaining morphological integrity of the membranes will ease the entry of exogenous substrates resulting in a much quicker oxidation and subsequently a more precise definition of the oxidative reaction.The diaminobenzidine (DAB) method of Seligman et al. (4) was used. Minced pieces of rat liver were incubated for 1 hr following toluene treatment (5,6). Experimental variations consisted of incubating fixed or unfixed tissues treated with toluene and unfixed tissues treated with toluene and subsequently fixed.

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