The Spatial Practices of the Elderly in Rural Settings

2016 ◽  
pp. 227-239
Author(s):  
Felipe R. Vázquez-Palacios
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Spatial Practices ◽  
Rural Settings

scholarly journals O QUE SE VÊ E O QUE SE APRENDE: educação e construção de identidades na Praça Mary de Pinho

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Jesus Marmanillo Pereira ◽  
Allison Bezerra Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Environmental Knowledge ◽  
Environmental Perceptions ◽  
Spatial Practices ◽  
Educational Processes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Urban Places ◽  
The Town

A proposta deste artigo é colocar a praça como espaço de construção do conhecimento ambiental, por meio da educação não formal. A pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender como ocorre a relação entre os processos de percepção ambiental e as práticas socioespaciais na formação de lugares urbanos. Para tanto, este estudo buscou analisar o cotidiano de um conjunto de atores (crianças, idosos, transeuntes e jovens) na Praça Mary de Pinho, na cidade de Imperatriz-MA. O levantamento, de cunho etnográfico, inclui observação, diário de campo, conversações, produção de fotografias e descrição das interações entre os agentes do espaço. As visitas exploratórias ocorreram entre os meses de março e junho de 2016 e mostram que é possível aproximar os papéis das percepções ambientais e os processos educativos desenvolvidos nos espaços públicos de lazer.Palavras-chave: Praça Mary de Pinho; Imperatriz; Educação Ambiental.WHAT YOU SEE AND WHAT YOU LEARN: education and construction of identities from the Mary de Pinho SquareABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to place the square as a central space in the construction of environmental knowledge through non-formal education. The research aims to understand how is the relationship between the processes of environmental awareness and socio-spatial practices in the construction of urban places. Therefore, this study investigates the daily life of a set of actors (children, the elderly, pedestrians and young people) in the Plaza de Pinho Mary in the town of Imperatriz-MA. The survey, ethnographic, includes observation, field diary, conversations, photos and description of the interactions between the space agent. Exploratory visits took place between March and June 2016 and show that it is possible to approach the roles of environmental perceptions and educational processes developed in public spaces for leisure.Keywords: Square Mary de Pinho; Imperatriz; Environmental Education. LO QUE VE Y LO QUE SE APRENDE: La educación y la construcción de las identidades de la plaza Mary de PinhoRESUMENEl propósito de este artículo es colocar la plaza como un espacio central en la construcción del conocimiento ambiental a través de la educación no formal. La investigación tiene como objetivo comprender cómo es la relación entre los procesos de la conciencia ambiental y prácticas socio-espaciales en la construcción de lugares urbanos. Por lo tanto, este estudio investiga la vida cotidiana de un conjunto de actores (niños, ancianos, peatones y jóvenes) en la Plaza de Mary dePinho en Imperatriz-MA. La encuesta, etnográfico, incluye la observación, diario de campo, conversaciones, fotos y descripción de las interacciones entre el agente de espacio. Visitas exploratorias se llevaron a cabo entre marzo y junio de 2016 y muestran que es posible acercarse a los roles de las percepciones ambientales y los procesos educativos que se desarrollan en espacios públicos para el ocio.Palabras clave: Plaza Mary de Pinho; Imperatriz; Educación Ambiental.

The role of victim’s behavior and surrounding environment in the vulnerability of individuals in flood fatality incidents. Findings from Greece

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michalis Diakakis
Keyword(s):  
Flash Flood ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Mobility Impairment ◽  
Statistical Correlations ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Extreme Flood

<p>Despite the recent advances in technology and infrastructure, extreme flood events continue to induce a significant number of fatalities across the globe, hurting particularly flash flood-prone and other vulnerable communities. The vulnerability of individuals to flooding has been studied in numerous previous works that examine various demographic and situational factors and their relation to the risk that floodwaters pose to individuals or more broadly, their association with flood mortality.</p><p>In an effort to provide a better understanding of how flood fatalities occur and how we can prevent them, this work focuses on the influence of the surrounding environment and victims’ behaviour during fatal incidents. The study exploits a database of flood fatalities for Greece (1960-2019) and examines statistical correlations between different elements, including the victims’ age and gender, their activity, the immediate surroundings and the environment that the incidents occur, as well as victims’ behaviour on the basis of their actions.</p><p>With respect to the surrounding environment, results indicate that particular characteristics of fatalities differ considerably depending on the setting. Outdoor, vehicle-related deaths are more abundant in rural settings, in which victims show mostly an active (risk-taking) behaviour towards floodwaters. Urban environments are characterized by larger numbers of indoor deaths (especially for the elderly) and a wider diversity of victim activities. Overall, analysis indicates that dangerous situations tend to develop differently between urban and rural settings.</p><p>With regard to victim behaviour, analysis of the database shows a great diversity of motivations behind their actions at the time of fatal incidents. A study of these motivations indicates that an overwhelming majority of flood victims come in contact with floodwaters deliberately, while they are in an initial position of safety. On the contrary, a smaller percentage of victims (close to one quarter) exhibits behaviours that can be characterized as passive, such as getting trapped inside buildings or being unable to flee danger, highlighting a population with particular vulnerability characteristics. Furthermore, victim behaviour was found to be strongly connected to victim demographics and surroundings, to an extent that it can be predicted with a high degree of certainty (i.e. close to 90%) by means of a statistical model.</p><p>The analysis provides insights useful to further understand the vulnerability of the population to flooding, in terms of how dangerous situations develop. The findings can be exploited in shaping policy and education programs that aim to mitigate risk of fatal incidents to specific population groups (e.g. vehicle-occupants, individuals with mobility impairment). Through better-targeted initiatives, these insights have the potential to enhance the overall resilience of communities, especially in flood-prone areas.</p>

Delivery of Services in Rural Settings to the Elderly Mentally Retarded-Mentally Ill

1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank J. Menolascino ◽  
Jane F. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Individuals With Mental Retardation

A number of controversial arguments exist regarding the ability of sparsely populated areas to adequately provide for their elderly mentally retarded; the elements of distance, education, and capital are said to effectively obstruct access to psychiatric and social support. Yet several facts speak soundly for the necessity to overcome these obstacles: a five-fold increase in the life spans of the mentally retarded in recent decades, and the amply demonstrated reality that individuals with mental retardation are nearly twice as likely as the general population to develop severe behavioral disorders. This article examines both the methods and the reasons for ensuring that rural populations of elderly mentally retarded citizens receive modern psychiatric assistance and community support.

scholarly journals Prevalence and pattern of hypertension among elderly in Osun state, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 5081
Author(s):  
Bolaji Emmanuel Egbewale ◽  
Adesola Oyekunle Oyekale ◽  
Samuel Adeyinka Adedokun ◽  
Akeem Abiodun Akindele ◽  
Adebola Afolake Adejimi
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Women ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Rural Dwellers

Background: Hypertension is a major public health challenge worldwide. It is acknowledged as an important risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, particularly among the elderly. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and pattern of hypertension among the elderly in Osun state, Nigeria.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. The study involved 425 respondents aged 60 years and above selected randomly in five local government areas in Osun state. The blood pressure was measured (using a standardized Accoson® type pneumatic mercury sphygmomanometer); weight and height of the respondents were checked and recorded in mmHg, Kg and meters respectively. Data were presented using descriptive statistics, charts and frequency distribution table. Statistical association between categorical variables was assessed using Chi-square method at 5% level of significance.Results: Prevalence of hypertension among elderly was 44.7%. Among other factors, respondents’ body mass index BMI was found significantly associated with hypertension, p=0.009. However, prevalence of hypertension was higher for respondents that were; rural dwellers, female, not living with spouse, without viable source of income and engaging in little or no physical activity compared to their counterparts. Respondent’s BMI and sex were also found to be statistically significantly associated, p=0.011.Conclusions: Prevalence of hypertension was high among the elderly in this study. Health interventions aimed at reducing the diseases should encourage increased physical activities and incorporate financial empowerment schemes particularly for elderly women in rural settings. 

scholarly journals Antivenin Plants Used for Treatment of Snakebites in Uganda: Ethnobotanical Reports and Pharmacological Evidences

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Omara ◽  
Sarah Kagoya ◽  
Abraham Openy ◽  
Tom Omute ◽  
Stephen Ssebulime ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Working Children ◽  
Snake Envenomation ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
In The Wild

Snakebite envenomation, cognized as a neglected tropical disease, is a dread public health concern with the most susceptible groups being herdsmen, the elderly, active farmers, hunters, fishers, firewood collectors, 10 to 14-year old working children and individuals with limited access to education and health care. Snakebites are fragmentarily documented in Uganda primarily because most occur in rural settings where traditional therapists end up being the first line defence for treatment. Ethnobotanical surveys in Uganda have unveiled that some plants are used to antagonize the activity of various snake venoms. This review was sought to compile the sporadic information on the vegetal species reported as antivenins in Uganda. Electronic data indicate that no study entirely reported on antivenin plants in Uganda. A total of 77 plant species belonging to 65 genera, distributed among 42 botanical families claimed as antiophidic in Uganda are used for treatment of snakebites. Majority of these species belong to family Fabaceae (30.9%), Euphorbiaceae (14.3%), Asteraceae (11.9%), Amaryllidaceae (9.5%) and Solanaceae (9.5%). The antiophidic species listed are shrubs (40.5%), trees (32.9%) and herbs (17.7%), usually found in the wild and uncultivated. Antivenin extracts are primarily prepared from roots and leaves, through decoctions, infusions, powders and juices and administered orally or topically. The most frequently encountered therapeutically important species are Allium cepa L., Carica papaya L., Securidaca longipedunculata Fres., Harrisonia abyssinica Oliv. and Nicotiana tabacum L. Baseline epidemiological data on snake envenomation and antivenin plants in Uganda remain incomplete due to inadequate research and diverse ethnic groups in the country. There is a dire need to isolate and characterize the bioactive compounds in the claimed plants to enable their adroit utilization in handling the plague of snake envenomation. More baseline data should be collected on snake ecology and human behaviour as well as antivenin plants in Uganda. Indigenous knowledge on the use of plant preparations in traditional medicine in Uganda is humongous, but if this is not quickly researched and appropriately documented, indications as to the usefulness of this vegetal treasure house will be lost in the not so distant future.

Cell surface changes during aging of human bladder epithelium examined by lectin probes and SEM

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 966-967
Author(s):  
J. Jacob ◽  
M.F.M. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Asymmetric Structure ◽  
Luminal Surface ◽  
Bladder Epithelium ◽  
Aldehyde Groups ◽  
Cell Surface Changes ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Surface Changes

Ultrastructural changes have been shown to occur in the urinary bladder epithelium (urothelium) during the life span of humans. With increasing age, the luminal surface becomes more flexible and develops simple microvilli-like processes. Furthermore, the specialised asymmetric structure of the luminal plasma membrane is relatively more prominent in the young than in the elderly. The nature of the changes at the luminal surface is now explored by lectin-mediated adsorption visualised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Samples of young adult (21-31 y old) and elderly (58-82 y old) urothelia were fixed in buffered 2% glutaraldehyde for 10 m and washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing Ca++ and Mg++ at room temperature. They were incubated overnight at 4°C in 0.1 M ammonium chloride in PBS to block any remaining aldehyde groups. The samples were then allowed to stand in PBS at 37°C for 2 h before incubation at 37°C for 30 m with lectins. The lectins used were concanavalin A (Con A), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) at a concentration of 500 mg/ml in PBS at pH 7.A.

The effect of dental geriatric curricula on attitudes toward the elderly

1988 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 516-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Mann ◽  
TJ Bomberg ◽  
JM Holtzman ◽  
DB Berkey
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly

Pharmacology Issues Related to Dementia Syndrome of Depression in Elderly Residents of Long-Term Care Settings

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Angel L. Ball ◽  
Adina S. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Environmental Communication ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Team Approach ◽  
Discussion Paper ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Anticholinergic Medications ◽  
Inappropriate Treatment ◽  
Dementia Syndrome

Pharmacological intervention for depressive symptoms in institutionalized elderly is higher than the population average. Among the patients on such medications are those with a puzzling mix of symptoms, diagnosed as “dementia syndrome of depression,” formerly termed “pseudodementia”. Cognitive-communicative changes, potentially due to medications, complicate the diagnosis even further. This discussion paper reviews the history of the terminology of “pseudodementia,” and examines the pharmacology given as treatment for depressive symptoms in the elderly population that can affect cognition and communication. Clinicians can reduce the risk of misdiagnosis or inappropriate treatment by having an awareness of potential side effects, including decreased attention, memory, and reasoning capacities, particularly due to some anticholinergic medications. A team approach to care should include a cohesive effort directed at caution against over-medication, informed management of polypharmacology, enhancement of environmental/communication supports and quality of life, and recognizing the typical nature of some depressive signs in elderly institutionalized individuals.

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