Contextual Array Grammars with Matrix and Regular Control

2016 ◽  
pp. 98-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Fernau ◽  
Rudolf Freund ◽  
Rani Siromoney ◽  
K. G. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Regular Control

Airborne bacteria concentrations and related factors at university laboratories, hospital diagnostic laboratories and a biowaste site

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Ho Hwang ◽  
Dong Uk Park ◽  
Kwon Chul Ha ◽  
Hyun Woo Cho ◽  
Chung Sik Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Site ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Airborne Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
P Values ◽  
Regular Control ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

AimsTo evaluate concentrations of airborne bacteria in university laboratories, hospital diagnostic laboratories, and a biowaste site in Seoul, Korea. To measure total airborne bacteria (TAB), the authors assessed sampling site, type of ventilation system, weather and detection of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), indoors and outdoors.MethodAn Andersen one-stage sampler (Quick Take 30; SKC Inc) was used to sample air at a flow rate of 28.3 l/min for 5 min on nutrient medium in Petri dishes located on the impactor. A total of 236 samples (TAB, 109 indoor and nine outdoor; GNB, 109 indoor and nine outdoor) were collected three times in each spot from the 11 facilities to compare airborne bacteria concentrations.ResultsTAB concentrations ranged from undetectable to 3451 CFU/m3 (mean 384 CFU/m3), and GNB concentrations from undetectable to 394 CFU/m3 (mean 17 CFU/m3). TAB concentrations were high in window-ventilated facilities and facilities in which GNB were detected; concentrations were also high when it was rainy (all p values <0.05). TAB concentrations correlated significantly with GNB (r=0.548, p<0.01), number of bacteria species (r=0.351, p<0.01) and temperature (r=0.297, p<0.01). The presence of heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC), the number of TAB species and the detection of GNB affect TAB concentrations in laboratories.ConclusionsIt is recommended that special attention be given to regular control of indoor environments to improve the air quality of university and hospital laboratories.

ORGANIZATION OF AUDITING OPERATING EXPENSES OF ENTERPRISE

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stepanenko
Keyword(s):  
Internal Audit ◽  
Regular Control ◽  
Primary Documents ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Analytical Procedures ◽  
Administrative Expenses ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
Organization Of Production ◽  
The Cost

The purpose of the study is to study the organization and procedure for conducting an audit of operating expenses of the enterprise. Materials and methods. The study used research methods such as monographs and synthesis (when analyzing existing publications), analysis, induction and deduction, comparisons and key components. Research results. The essence of the audit is to provide practical assistance to the management and economic services of the enterprise in the management and management of its finances, as well as the establishment of financial and management accounting, providing various consultations. Audit can be divided into the following stages: organizational, pilot, final. Operating expenses are a major component of an enterprise's costs. These are the costs associated with the main activity of the enterprise (production of products, services, performance of work). According to P (C) BO 16 “Expenses” to operating expenses include administrative expenses, sales expenses, other operating expenses. Expenditure audit entities may include: accounting policies, cost accounting transactions, records in primary documents, accounting records and reporting, information on accounting misconduct, and abuses that have been documented in audit acts, audits, auditors' reports. The audit of costs should begin with the verification of the statement of financial results to confirm the accuracy of its performance, the study of the organization of production (if the enterprise is engaged in production) and technological processes, the study of cost estimates, planned calculations and other conditions. When reviewing the accumulation and write-off of administrative expenses, sales costs and other operating expenses, the auditor should check the correctness of the classification of expenses to administrative, sales and other operating expenses. The following techniques are used to collect audit evidence: document verification, confirmation, counting, surveys, analytical procedures. Through the procedures of observation, questioning and confirmation, they obtain the supporting information contained in the accounting records. The calculation procedure consists in checking the arithmetic accuracy of the primary documents and accounting records or in performing the calculations independently (inventory). Analytical procedures involve the analysis of the most important indicators and ratios, including a summary study of deviations and relationships that conflict with other information relevant to the case or deviate from the expected indicators. During the cost audit, the auditor checks the appropriateness of the formulas used in the calculations, the correctness of the calculation procedures (the amount of tests depends on the materiality of the estimated values). Conclusions. Operating expense audit is an integral part of an enterprise's overall audit. Improving organizational aspects of cost audit is associated with deepening the practice of analytical procedures at all stages of the audit. For organization of internal audit of expenses at the enterprise it is necessary to carry out regular control of correctness of their formation.

scholarly journals First report of Gibellulopsis nigrescens on peppermint in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Alisaac ◽  
Monika Götz
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
First Report ◽  
Regular Control ◽  
Fungal Dna ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

AbstractPeppermint is an important medicinal plant, and it is known for its essential oils and phenolic acids. Verticillium wilt is a vascular disease resulted from several Verticillium spp. causing significant economic losses in peppermint cultivation. In this study, the fungus Gibellulopsis nigrescens (syn. Verticillium nigrescens) was isolated from symptomless peppermint plants during the regular control of Verticillium wilt on peppermint in Germany. A pure fungal culture was prepared, and fungal DNA was extracted. Ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), beta-tubulin (TUB), and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α) were amplified, sequenced, and deposited in the GenBank. These sequences are located within the Gibellulopsis nigrescens cluster. Koch’s postulate was fulfilled, and the fungus was re-isolated from the inoculated plants. Up to our knowledge, this is the first report of Gibellulopsis nigrescens on peppermint in Germany.

scholarly journals Soil quality and proposal for fertility improvement of arable soil in Rasina District

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (51) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Biljana Sikirić ◽  
Vesna Mrvić ◽  
Olivera Stajković-Srbinović ◽  
Vladan Ugrenović ◽  
Darko Jaramaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Regular Control ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Very High

During the regular control of soil fertility in the Rasina District, it was established that the plots of land were distributed across Vertisol, Eutric Cambisol and Fluvisol types of soils, and to a lesser extent on Pseudogley and Ranker. The tested samples had different textures - sandy loam and loam, clay-sandy loam and clay loam, and clay. Plots of land that were of very acidic and acidic reactions were predominant, with medium amounts of humus, very low amounts of available phosphorus, and high amounts of available potassium. High or very high cation absorption capacity was found in about half of the examined fields; a deficient content of exchangeable Ca was recorded in 22% of plots and that of exchangeable Mg in 16% of plots, while an unfavorable Ca/Mg ratio was measured in 44% of plots. The overall sensitivity to acidification was mainly moderate (50.6% of plots) and strong (20.2% of plots). Very high concentrations of mobile Al, which could be toxic to plants, were found in 5 field plots.

scholarly journals Successfully delayed delivery of second twin after early second trimester rupture of membranes of the first twin: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Jadranka Georgievska ◽  
Igor Samardziski ◽  
Ana Daneva ◽  
Goran Kocoski
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Fetal Lung ◽  
Intrauterine Death ◽  
Lung Maturation ◽  
Uterine Contractions ◽  
Regular Control ◽  
Level Institution ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
Second Twin

Twin pregnancies are high-risk pregnancies accompanied with multiple complications, such as: spontaneous abortion, preterm rupture of the membranes, preterm delivery, intrauterine death of one or both twins etc. There is no consensus about the management of twin  pregnancies complicated with preterm rupture of the membranes of one twin and risk of preterm delivery. These cases are rarely found in the literature. We present a case of a 35 years old patient, hospitalized in a tertiary level institution, because of a diamniotic dichorionic twin pregnancy complicated with preterm rupture of the membranes of the first twin at 19 weeks of gestation. She had one delivery with Caesarean section 16 years ago. In consultation with the patient induction of labor was done with delivery of the first twin, a death male fetus. After that, antibiotics and tocolytic therapy were administrated and the patient remained in the hospital about one week. The patient was discharged at home with regular control of her condition and condition of the fetus. The patient was again hospitalized at 33 weeks of gestation with uterine contractions on cardiotocography. After administration of corticosteroid therapy for fetal lung maturation she delivered spontaneously the second twin in a good condition and  she was discharged from hospital after 16 days. In twin pregnancies clinicians must think about delayed interval delivery of the second twin, after delivery of the first twin, with an aim to increase chances for survival, especially for pregnancies less than 30 weeks of gestation.

scholarly journals Method for early detection of poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778)

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pavlicevic ◽  
I. Pavlovic ◽  
N. Stajkovic
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Differential Diagnostics ◽  
Dermanyssus Gallinae ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Poultry Red Mite ◽  
Serbia And Montenegro ◽  
Regular Control ◽  
And Control

Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778), poultry red mite or chicken mite, is haematophagous poultry ectoparasite. In poultry flocks small populations of chicken mite usually remain undetected. In order to supplement existing diagnostics we have investigated the method for its early detection. Investigation was carried out on 13 flocks, during two-year period, throughout Serbia and Montenegro. We have established that method for early detection of chicken mite can: improve the efficiency of existing diagnostic methods, that it is simple and reduces the period when parasites are hidden since it enables detection of small number of parasites before the population becomes visible. We recommend it to poultry farmers for regular control of the flock and control of the new flock, to veterinarians in poultry production as supplement to diagnostic methods: when suspecting the presence of Dermanyssosis in order to achieve early differential diagnostics, sampling of small number of chicken mite, monitoring the movement of the population and effect of the treatment, coming to conclusion regarding the effect of the disease control and as element of the forensic evaluation method. .

scholarly journals Synthesis of Zero Non-regular Control System

1965 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-153
Author(s):  
Masami ITO ◽  
Hiroaki KIMATA
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Regular Control

scholarly journals Behavioural Stress Propagation in Benthic Invertebrates Caused by Acute pH Drop-Induced Metabolites

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauric Feugere ◽  
Lauren Angell ◽  
James Fagents ◽  
Rebecca Nightingale ◽  
Kirsty Rowland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Communication ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Regular Control ◽  
Stress Metabolites

Studies on pH stress in marine animals typically focus on direct or species-specific aspects. We here test the hypothesis that a drop to pH = 7.6 indirectly affects the intra- and interspecific interactions of benthic invertebrates by means of chemical communication. We recorded fitness-relevant behaviours of small hermit crabs Diogenes pugilator, green shore crabs Carcinus maenas, and harbour ragworms Hediste diversicolor in response to short-term pH drop, and to putative stress metabolites released by conspecifics or gilt-head sea bream Sparus aurata during 30 min of acute pH drop. Not only did acute pH drop itself impair time to find a food cue in small hermit crabs and burrowing in harbour ragworms, but similar effects were observed under exposure to pH drop-induced stress metabolites. Stress metabolites from S. aurata, but not its regular control metabolites, also induced avoidance responses in all recipient species. Here, we confirm that a short-term abrupt pH drop, an abiotic stressor, has the capacity to trigger the release of metabolites which induce behavioural responses in conspecific and heterospecific individuals, which can be interpreted as a behavioural cost. Our findings that stress responses can be indirectly propagated through means of chemical communication warrant further research to confirm the effect size of the behavioural impairments caused by stress metabolites and to characterise their chemical nature.

scholarly journals Contextual array grammars with matrix control, regular control languages, and tissue P systems control

2017 ◽  
Vol 682 ◽  
pp. 5-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artiom Alhazov ◽  
Henning Fernau ◽  
Rudolf Freund ◽  
Sergiu Ivanov ◽  
Rani Siromoney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
P Systems ◽  
Regular Control ◽  
Systems Control ◽  
Matrix Control
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