The Image of Men in Advertising as Perceived by Polish Students of English Philology

Images presented in advertisements are very powerful and have huge impact on our perception of the world. The roles of women and men have changed within the last decade and therefore it is worth investigating the way they are perceived in advertising. The purpose of our study was twofold. First, we aimed to find out how Polish students from the English Department at a tertiary level institution in Poland, who are mainly females, perceive the image of a man in advertising. Our second purpose was to analyse their reception of slogans used in the advertisements. In order to find out the answers to our research questions concerning the image of males in advertising as well as language of advertising, we have decided to design a special questionnaire in which the students were asked to comment on advertisements associated with particular image concerning men. The advertisements had been chosen in relation to the categories established by Frith and Müeller (2010). While analysing the data we decided to use these categories, which are to be described in the theoretical part of the article. The obtained data has allowed us to find out what the image of a man is and what kind of language is used to make the advertisements effective.

A Phenomenological Experience of Trainer with COVID-19 Training: A Tertiary Level Institution Experience with Simulation

Background: Highly infectious diseases like COVID-19, which are rapidly disseminating and exceedingly contagious, require vital safety skills to be followed by all health professionals. These safety skills need to be taught to all individuals working in the health care sector, by qualified trainers. The present study describes the experiences of COVID-19 trainers who were involved in providing this intensive training to health workers, in a tertiary level institution. The hospital was providing services to COVID positive patients, as well as emergency and tertiary care services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of the participants in the study were high risk groups who were in direct interaction with COVID positive patients.Methods: The COVID-19 training program was conducted for more than three months, with the aim of training all the health care workers at a tertiary care institute, during the Corona virus pandemic. Twenty trainers, who had completed at least 30 or more sessions of training more than 2700 health workers, were included in this study. These trainers were interviewed for an average of thirty minutes per participant and were asked 30 open ended questions each. Results: The mean age of the trainers was 28.9 years, and 75% of them were females. The interview of the COVID-19 trainers highlighted four important factors, which according to them were the pillars of this successful and effective training program. These factors included: The use of video demonstration and simulation for the training; Regular updating of the skill of the trainers in this program; Ease of communication to address the challenges faced by the trainers; and strong administrative support for the training. Conclusion: The results of this study reveal that if health workers are provided a conducive environment for training, as well as full support for updating their knowledge and skills, they can provide optimal health care services to their patients and fellow healthcare workers, even during a challenging time like the COVID-19 pandemic. The trainers in this study provided training to all the health care workers of the hospital, who were posted in COVID wards, even at a time when everyone had the fear of contracting the infection.

Exotic pets in Ireland: 1. Prevalence of ownership and access to veterinary services

Background There has been increasing concern expressed about the welfare of exotic pets worldwide. For the purposes of this article, an exotic pet is considered to be a non-domesticated species, where there are knowledge gaps on good practice (minimum standards of care), veterinary diagnostics and treatments. The categories of exotic pets included in this study were: small mammals (< 20 kg), large mammals (> 20 kg), birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish and invertebrates. Dogs, cats, rabbits, hamsters, gerbils, guinea pigs, mice, rats, and ferrets were excluded from the study. An online survey of pet owning staff at University College Dublin was conducted between July and August 2020 to provide the first empirical data for Ireland. In this pilot study (the first in this thematic series) we aim to characterise exotic pet ownership, the challenges and benefits of keeping exotic pets, and access to veterinary services from the pet owner’s perspective. Results Using an online survey this pilot study gathered evidence from 83 domestic and 32 exotic pet owners within the staff (n = ~ 3600 FTE) at University College Dublin, the largest third level institution in Ireland. The prevalence of exotic pet ownership was determined to be 34.4 % of households with more than 10 % of pet owning households owning only exotic pets. Fish (n = 15), reptiles (n = 13) and birds (n = 8) were the most common types of exotic pets. Thirty-four per cent of exotic pet owners never sought veterinary services, the most common reasons were due to lack of local veterinary specialists (n = 10) and good owner knowledge (n = 8). However identifying appropriate guidance on the animals’ needs was a common challenge for exotic pet owners (n = 13). A reasonable monthly cost of caring for an exotic ranged from €20–180, depending on the species. Conclusions This pilot study contains important implications for veterinary education to support the veterinary community with providing services to the exotic pet owning community. Policy issues with exotic pet ownership also need to be considered and further research into the proposed strategies to support the health and welfare of exotic pets should be carried out such as the introduction of white lists and guidelines on responsible pet ownership.

Assessing the ideological homogeneity in entrepreneurial finance research by highly cited publications

Entrepreneurs play crucial roles in global sustainable development, but limited financial resources constrain their performance and survival rate. Despite the global presence of entrepreneurship, the literature of entrepreneurial finance is suspected to be Western ideologically homogenous. Thus, this study aims at examining this phenomenon by employing the mindsponge mechanism and bibliometric analyses. 412 highly cited publications extracted from the Web of Science database are analyzed to find Western ideological dominance and low tolerance towards heterogeneity in entrepreneurial finance’s core ideologies. The dominance and low tolerance are consistent across author level, institution level, and country level, revealing strong evidence for the existence of Western ideological homogeneity. We recommend editors, reviewers, and authors diversify research topics proactively and enhance knowledge exchange to avoid shortfalls of ideological homogeneity. Moreover, the synthesis of the mindsponge mechanism and bibliometric analyses are suggested as a possible way to evaluate the state of ideological diversity in other scientific disciplines.

The Class of Social Capital: A Case Study in Barpak Village Coping and Recovering Process after the Gorkha Earthquake 2015

Social capital is one most important attribution of a resilient community. It is manifested in a human relationship or network between the community member such as family, friends, relatives, neighbourhood, membership on a formal and informal group of society, colleague and so on. This article is about the role of Social Capital to cope at the time of Gorkha Earthquake 2015 in Barpak Village. The article is based on the primary data, which is collected through the interview with 28 ordinary people and a leader of Barpak Village after the Gorkha Earthquake 2015. In this article, I focused on a few key areas of social capital such as family, friendship and neighbourhood, people's involvement in the local level institution, job pattern or profession of a villager, social norm and value as responsibility for fellow community member, collective mobilization in the aftermath of the earthquake. In the Course of my research I found the reality that social capital also closely tied with economic capital. In the rescue and relief time social capital work for all villagers or community members. But when villagers started to rebuild their house, economic capital became a core of social capital.

RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF CLINICAL, RADIOLOGICAL AND SURGICAL FINDINGS OF XANTHOGRANULOMATOUS CHOLECYSTITIS AN EXPERIENCE AT TERTIARY LEVEL INSTITUTION

Background: Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis is a benign disease of gallbladder which presents almost classically similar with the chronic calculus cholecystitis, but it mimics GB carcinoma intraoperatively. Materials and methods:In our study, 54 cases were found in a study period of 2 yr in which histopathological reports was xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis whether the pt underwent lap/radical/open or lap converted open cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis and chr. cholecystitis and suspicious carcinoma GB. They were retrospectively analysed for getting an idea preoperatively to differentiate them on clinicoradiological ground and while during surgery. Datas were Results and Observation: retrospectively analysed and observed that clinical and biochemical features are non specic. Imaging in the form of USG and CT does help but not to that much extent to accurately diagnose them. intraoperatively presence of dense adhesion and loss of fat plane to surrounding structures creates a big dilemma for the operating surgeon and multiple frozen section biopsy can be of immense help here in guiding further treatment course .Frozen section analysis was not present at our institution so we did not avail its use. Our study is an attempt to derive any correlation Conclusion: between clilnicoradiological and intraoperative aspects preoperatively for the diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. Although its incidence is greater here than other countries due to rising gallbladder diseases but till this time it is concluded that neither clinical nor radiologically xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis can be ruled out preoperatively. Only histopathological diagnosis is absolutely correct, and in our study we concluded that histopatholigal diagnosis is still the gold standard.

Aortic Stenosis in bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valves are two different scenarios

Patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) represent a significant proportion of adults with severe aortic stenosis (AS) requiring aortic valve intervention (AVI). Evidence is discordant concerning progression of AS in BAV. The aim of this study was to compare baseline characteristics and the impact of the aortic valve phenotype on major cardiovascular outcomes. Methods: Retrospective observational study (consecutive AS in database, 2014-2016, third-level institution). Baseline characteristics were compared between BAV (n = 43) and tricuspid (TAV) (n = 159) patients. Primary end point was a composite of mortality and AVI. Survival analysis and logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of primary end-point. Results: 202 patients (72.2 ± 13.4 years, 63% men) were included. Patients with TAV were older, had more comorbidities and less aorta dilation. No significant differences were observed in the primary end point between the two valve phenotypes (34.8 vs. 40.8%; p=0.47, follow-up of 3.2 ± 1.6 years). In BAV group most of the events were at the expense of AVI (32.5 vs. 13.8%; p=0.001). The incidence of CV death was similar between both groups (4.8% vs. 12%, p=0.25). Non-CV mortality was higher in TAV group (16.8% vs 0%, p=0.001). Vmax and dimensionless index were independently associated with primary end point (p<0.001). Conclusions: Patients with AS have a high incidence of all-cause mortality and aortic valve intervention, regardless of valve phenotype. In particular, patients with BAV present different clinical characteristics with lower overall mortality and a more advanced AS when requiring aortic valve intervention.

Necesidades en familiares de pacientes críticos de una institución de IV nivel en Montería, Colombia

Objetivo: Determinar las necesidades en familiares de pacientes críticos de una institución de IV nivel en Montería, Colombia.Metodología: Investigación descriptiva, transversal con enfoque cuantitativo. Para la recolección de la información se aplicó el Cuestionario de Necesidades de los Familiares de Pacientes de Cuidados Intensivos y una cédula de datos sociodemográficos.Resultados: Las necesidades que se determinaron fueron la información sincera respecto al estado y progreso del paciente y recibir explicación del equipamiento que está utilizándose. La dimensión que presentó mayores necesidades fue la de comunicación.Conclusiones: El familiar de una persona ingresada en un servicio de cuidado intensivo debe ser tomado en cuenta en el proceso de atención. Objective: To determine the needs in relatives of critically ill patients of an IV level institution in Montería, Colombia.Methodology: Descriptive, cross-sectional research with a quantitative approach. For the collection of information, the Questionnaire of Needs of the Relatives of Intensive Care Patients and a sociodemographic data card were applied.Results: The needs that were determined were honest information regarding the state and progress of the patient and receive an explanation of the equipment being used. The dimension that presented the greatest needs was that of communication.Conclusions: The family of a person admitted to an intensive care service should be taken into account in the care process.

Fraud prevention of village funds in East Java Indonesia

This review aims to sniff out potential fraud in controlling village funds and to find out effective mechanisms for preventing village fund fraud in Indonesia. However, apart from contributing institutions that were small, previous researchers have ignored the problem of fraud shortly threatening sustainability of institutions such as a small rural village in Indonesia. So, this study is intended to find out how a small village level institution can prevent fraud. This analysis uses a self-administered questionnaire and distributes 250 questionnaires to village heads, secretary of village heads, and financial treasurers in village institutions with 179 questionnaires for which data can be processed. To test the theoretical model, multiple regression is used. Outputs from multiple regression reveals that a habit of honesty and integrity have a positive effect and significant, process and control the internal and supervisory functions are good and behavioral religious has a positive effect but are less significant in the fraud preventive mechanism if implemented partially. This finding also provides a strong picture that if the four dimensions of fraud prevention mechanism must be implemented simultaneously to have high effectiveness and vice versa. On the whole, the research paper is advocating some tactics to prevent fraud which is effective to reduce the threat of fraud in the institution at the smallest village level in Indonesia and the countries of the developing others. The lack of studies empirically the impact of habits of honesty, internal control, and monitoring Duty proper religious behavior and attitudes in an effective study of fraud prevention in non-Western environments has answered the need for this research.

Local Self-Government among the Cossacks of Western Siberia and Northern Kazakhstan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries

This article is the first comprehensive study of the development of Cossack estate selfgovernment in Western Siberia and Northern Kazakhstan in the 19th and early 20th centuries, as well as of its role in the local system of administration. The author demonstrates that Cossack self-government in Western Siberia and Northern Kazakhstan developed in five stages. Discussed are the bodies of Cossack village administration, the effectiveness of its activities, and the scope of its authority. The Cossack village administration was included in the system of military and state local government, had an estate character and an undemocratic system of representation. It could not make independent decisions on a wide range of administrative and economic issues without involvement of the military and local government bodies. The author concludes that due to the lack of zemstvos in Siberia and Northern Kazakhstan, Cossack village administration and peasant self-government played an important role in the structure of local government. As a low-level institution, it facilitated the establishment of relations between the Cossack population and state power; this system was based on the principles of paternalism and statism. As an integral part of the Siberian Cossack army, a stanitsa administration with powers determined by the imperial authority lasted until the fall of the Russian Empire after the February Revolution 1917.