scholarly journals Behavioural Stress Propagation in Benthic Invertebrates Caused by Acute pH Drop-Induced Metabolites

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauric Feugere ◽  
Lauren Angell ◽  
James Fagents ◽  
Rebecca Nightingale ◽  
Kirsty Rowland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Communication ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Regular Control ◽  
Stress Metabolites

Studies on pH stress in marine animals typically focus on direct or species-specific aspects. We here test the hypothesis that a drop to pH = 7.6 indirectly affects the intra- and interspecific interactions of benthic invertebrates by means of chemical communication. We recorded fitness-relevant behaviours of small hermit crabs Diogenes pugilator, green shore crabs Carcinus maenas, and harbour ragworms Hediste diversicolor in response to short-term pH drop, and to putative stress metabolites released by conspecifics or gilt-head sea bream Sparus aurata during 30 min of acute pH drop. Not only did acute pH drop itself impair time to find a food cue in small hermit crabs and burrowing in harbour ragworms, but similar effects were observed under exposure to pH drop-induced stress metabolites. Stress metabolites from S. aurata, but not its regular control metabolites, also induced avoidance responses in all recipient species. Here, we confirm that a short-term abrupt pH drop, an abiotic stressor, has the capacity to trigger the release of metabolites which induce behavioural responses in conspecific and heterospecific individuals, which can be interpreted as a behavioural cost. Our findings that stress responses can be indirectly propagated through means of chemical communication warrant further research to confirm the effect size of the behavioural impairments caused by stress metabolites and to characterise their chemical nature.

scholarly journals Behavioural stress feedback loops in benthic invertebrates caused by pH drop-induced metabolites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauric Feugere ◽  
Lauren Angell ◽  
James Fagents ◽  
Rebecca Nightingale ◽  
Kirsty Rowland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Communication ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Regular Control ◽  
Stress Metabolites

Studies on pH stress in marine animals typically focus on direct or species-specific aspects. We here test the hypothesis that a drop to pH = 7.6 indirectly affects the intra- and interspecific interactions of benthic invertebrates by means of chemical communication. We recorded fitness-relevant behaviours of small hermit crabs Diogenes pugilator, green shore crabs Carcinus maenas, and harbour ragworms Hediste diversicolor in response to short-term pH drop, and to putative stress metabolites released by conspecifics or gilt-head sea bream Sparus aurata during 30 minutes of acute pH drop. Not only did acute pH drop itself impair time to find a food cue in small hermit crabs and burrowing in harbour ragworms, but similar effects were observed under exposure to pH drop-induced stress metabolites. Stress metabolites from S. aurata, but not its regular control metabolites, also induced avoidance responses in all recipient species. Here, we confirm that a short-term abrupt pH drop, an abiotic stressor, has the capacity to trigger the release of metabolites which induce behavioural responses in conspecific and heterospecific individuals, which can be interpreted as a behavioural cost. Our findings that stress responses can be indirectly propagated through means of chemical communication warrant further research to confirm the effect size of the behavioural impairments caused by stress metabolites and to characterise their chemical nature.

scholarly journals Short-term post-mortality scavenging and longer term recovery after anoxia in the northern Adriatic Sea

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 7647-7659 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Blasnig ◽  
B. Riedel ◽  
L. Schiemer ◽  
M. Zuschin ◽  
M. Stachowitsch
Keyword(s):  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Northern Adriatic Sea ◽  
Northern Adriatic ◽  
Hexaplex Trunculus ◽  
Distinct Sequence ◽  
And Function

Abstract. The northern Adriatic Sea is one of nearly 500 areas worldwide suffering widespread mortalities due to anoxia. The present study documents post-anoxia macrofauna dynamics after experimentally inducing small-scale anoxia in 24 m depth (2 plots, each 50 cm × 50 cm). Time-lapse camera deployments examined short-term scavenging of the moribund and dead organisms (multi-species clumps consisting of sponges and ascidians) over two 3-day periods (August 2009: 71.5 h, September 2009: 67.5 h). Longer term recovery (days to 2 yr) in the same two plots was examined with an independent photo series. Scavengers arrived quickly and in a distinct sequence: demersal (Gobius niger, Serranus hepatus) and benthopelagic fishes (Diplodus vulgaris, Pagellus erythrinus), followed by hermit crabs (Paguristes eremita, showing a clear day/night rhythm in presence) and gastropods (Hexaplex trunculus). This sequence is attributed to the relative speeds and densities of the organisms. The sessile fauna was largely removed or consumed within seven (August plot) and 13 (September plot) days after anoxia, confirming our first hypothesis that decaying organisms are quickly utilised. The scavengers remained in dense aggregations (e.g. up to 33 P. eremita individuals at one time) as long as dead organisms were available. No recovery of sessile macroepibenthos macroepibenthos occurred in the experimental plots one and two years after anoxia, undermining our second hypothesis that small denuded areas are more rapidly recolonised. This study underlines the sensitivity of this soft-bottom community and supports calls for reducing additional anthropogenic disturbances such as fishing practices that further impede recolonisation and threaten benthic community structure and function over the long term.

Site selection by parasitic helminths: interspecific interactions, site segregation, and their importance to the development of helminth communities

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Site Selection ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Site Specificity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Parasitic Helminths ◽  
Niche Specialization ◽  
Helminth Communities ◽  
Niche Diversification

That parasites actively select specific sites in their hosts is well known. Some parasites respond to changing conditions within the host by making diel or other short-term migrations, which may be modified by the presence of other parasites.Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that continued interactions between parasites lead to niche diversification, and that site segregation, and consequently narrow site specificity, is an important part of niche specialization. The paucity of cases of interactive site segregation as compared with those of genetically stabilized selective site segregation suggests that parasite faunas are mature communities, the diversity of which has been established to an important extent through biotic interactions.

scholarly journals Social Hierarchy Effects on Stress Responses of Subordinate Specimens in Sea Bream (Sparus aurata)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Dioguardi ◽  
Mirella Vazzana ◽  
Mariano Dara ◽  
Irene Vazzana ◽  
Davide Accardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Environmental Variations

Abstract: Social stress can affect the ability of the fish to respond to various stressors, such as pathogens or environmental variations. In this paper, the effects of social stress on gilt-head bream (Sparus aurata) were investigated. To study the effects of physiological stress, we evaluated biochemical and cellular parameters as cortisol, glucose, lactate, osmolarity and phagocytosis 24 hours after the establishment of social hierarchy. Social hierarchy was determined and characterised by behavioural observation (aggressive acts and feeding order) of the specimens (dominant “α”, subordinate “β” and “γ”). After the establishment of the social hierarchy, we observed that the levels of plasma cortisol and other biochemical stress markers (glucose and lactate) were higher in subordinate individuals than in dominant ones. In addition, the modulation of phagocytic activity of the peritoneal cavity cells (PEC) demonstrated that social stress appeared to affect the immune response. At last, principal component analysis clearly separated the subordinate fish groups from the dominant groups based on stress markers and phagocytic activity of the peritoneal exudates cells.

scholarly journals Short-term tissue decomposition alters stable isotope values and C:N ratio, but does not change relationships between lipid content, C:N ratio, and Δδ13C in marine animals

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. e0199680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Perkins ◽  
Yanny K. Y. Mak ◽  
Lily S. R. Tao ◽  
Archer T. L. Wong ◽  
Jason K. C. Yau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Marine Animals

scholarly journals Plant growth under suboptimal water conditions: early responses and methods to study them

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1706-1722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke Dubois ◽  
Dirk Inzé
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Environmental Constraint ◽  
Early Stress ◽  
Different Types

Abstract Drought stress forms a major environmental constraint during the life cycle of plants, often decreasing plant yield and in extreme cases threatening survival. The molecular and physiological responses induced by drought have been the topic of extensive research during the past decades. Because soil-based approaches to studying drought responses are often challenging due to low throughput and insufficient control of the conditions, osmotic stress assays in plates were developed to mimic drought. Addition of compounds such as polyethylene glycol, mannitol, sorbitol, or NaCl to controlled growth media has become increasingly popular since it offers the advantage of accurate control of stress level and onset. These osmotic stress assays enabled the discovery of very early stress responses, occurring within seconds or minutes following osmotic stress exposure. In this review, we construct a detailed timeline of early responses to osmotic stress, with a focus on how they initiate plant growth arrest. We further discuss the specific responses triggered by different types and severities of osmotic stress. Finally, we compare short-term plant responses under osmotic stress versus in-soil drought and discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and future of these plate-based proxies for drought.

scholarly journals Salinity Stress Responses and Adaptation Mechanisms in Eukaryotic Green Microalgae

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prateek Shetty ◽  
Margaret Mukami Gitau ◽  
Gergely Maróti
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Freshwater Algae ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Ionic Imbalance ◽  
Compare And Contrast ◽  
Harsh Conditions

High salinity is a challenging environmental stress for organisms to overcome. Unicellular photosynthetic microalgae are especially vulnerable as they have to grapple not only with ionic imbalance and osmotic stress but also with the generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) interfering with photosynthesis. This review attempts to compare and contrast mechanisms that algae, particularly the eukaryotic Chlamydomonas microalgae, exhibit in order to immediately respond to harsh conditions caused by high salinity. The review also collates adaptation mechanisms of freshwater algae strains under persistent high salt conditions. Understanding both short-term and long-term algal responses to high salinity is integral to further fundamental research in algal biology and biotechnology.

Stress responses of tomato fruit tissue submitted to massive doses of ionising radiation

1994 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Triantaphylidès ◽  
N. Banzet ◽  
J. M. Ferullo ◽  
C. Larrigaudière ◽  
L. Nespoulous
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Ionising Radiation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Induction Kinetics ◽  
Global Protein Synthesis

AbstractIn plant tissue, massive doses of ionising radiation (0.5–3 kGy) induce an oxidative burst due to the overproduction of oxygen-centred free radicals. Changes in the protein metabolism of cherry tomato fruits were investigated in response to this peculiar stress. Although DNA damage definitively arrested cell division, the changes observed on a short-term basis were attributed to genetic regulation. Changes in protein metabolism were also maintained long term. Gamma-induced proteins (GIPs) were classified according to their induction kinetics. Group 1 proteins were induced immediately after the treatment and their synthesis was stopped within 24 h. During the same time period, global protein synthesis was restored and a new set of GIPs was induced. The function of these proteins is not yet known; but they may be involved in physiological disorders triggered by irradiation or in repair processes. Short-term typical changes involve the synthesis of ACC synthase – the ethylene pathway regulating enzyme - and most probably of some LMW-HSPs. A non-relevant response to irradiation has also been discovered, namely the long-term accumulation of chitinases. Irradiation induces both specific and non-specific responses which can be analysed by comparison with other types of oxidative stress and some GIPs seem to be specific to the treatment. The ability of irradiation to induce such different responses might be profitably applied for a better understanding of the oxidative mechanisms involved in signal transduction during environmental stress situations.

Cortisol and β-endorphin responses to physical and psychological stressors in lambs

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Mears ◽  
F. A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Psychological Stressors ◽  
Tail Docking ◽  
Cortisol Responses ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
Potential Use

Plasma cortisol, β-endorphin, T3 and T4 were determined in lambs before, during and after exposure to stress in order to evaluate the potential use of these hormones to objectively measure stress responses. Lambs were exposed to tail-docking, castration, weaning, isolation, and restraint stress. Twelve ewe and 24 ram lambs were assigned to the experiment, with 12 of the ram lambs surgically castrated when 3-wk old. Tail docking within 24 h of birth did not (P > 0.05) elevate either plasma cortisol or β-endorphin. Castration markedly elevated (P < 0.001) plasma cortisol and β-endorphin within 15 min of surgery. Both hormones were highly elevated for the first 4 h. Plasma cortisol returned to control levels by 24 h whereas β-endorphin was still elevated (P < 0.05) 24 h after castration. Plasma cortisol levels were elevated for the first 60 min following weaning (P < 0.005) and again at 24 h after dam removal (P < 0.001). Plasma β-endorphin was not elevated (P > 0.05) any time during the 72 h following weaning. Plasma cortisol (P < 0.001) and β-endorphin (P < 0.05) were elevated during the first 60 min following the start of 1 h of isolation. Results were similar for partial and total isolation. No effects of isolation were found for the next 23 h. Plasma cortisol (P < 0.005) was elevated during the first 30 min following 4 min of shearing-like restraint, whereas plasma β-endorphin was elevated only at 7 min (P < 0.05) after restraint began. No further effects of restraint were found prior to termination of sample collection at 24 h. None of the stressors employed affected plasma concentrations of T3 and T4. This study has shown that measurements of plasma cortisol and β-endorphin in blood samples obtained before, during and after stress are useful in assessing stress in lambs. The painful stressor, castration, induced marked and prolonged elevations of both hormones, whereas psychological stressors elicited graded, short-term cortisol responses and limited β-endorphin responses. Key words: Cortisol, β-endorphin, physical stress, psychological stress, lambs

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document