Nonequivalent Groups with Covariates Design Using Propensity Scores for Kernel Equating

2017 ◽  
pp. 309-319
Author(s):  
Gabriel Wallin ◽  
Marie Wiberg
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Scores ◽  
Nonequivalent Groups ◽  
Kernel Equating

scholarly journals Kernel Equating Using Propensity Scores for Nonequivalent Groups

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Wallin ◽  
Marie Wiberg
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Propensity Scores ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Squared Error ◽  
Admissions Test ◽  
Nonequivalent Groups ◽  
Kernel Equating ◽  
Common Items ◽  
Practical Implications

When equating two test forms, the equated scores will be biased if the test groups differ in ability. To adjust for the ability imbalance between nonequivalent groups, a set of common items is often used. When no common items are available, it has been suggested to use covariates correlated with the test scores instead. In this article, we reduce the covariates to a propensity score and equate the test forms with respect to this score. The propensity score is incorporated within the kernel equating framework using poststratification and chained equating. The methods are evaluated using real college admissions test data and through a simulation study. The results show that propensity scores give an increased equating precision in comparison with the equivalent groups design and a smaller mean squared error than by using the covariates directly. Practical implications are also discussed.

Advances in Quasi-experimental Methods

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Miksza ◽  
Kenneth Elpus
Keyword(s):  
Education Research ◽  
Music Education ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Propensity Scores ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Randomized Experiment ◽  
Random Assignment ◽  
Nonequivalent Groups ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Designs ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Although the primacy of the randomized experiment is often thought of as sacrosanct, in education research—and in music education research in particular—random assignment is often unachievable, unethical, or undesirable for one or more of many potential reasons. Methodologists have developed quasi-experimental research methods that attempt to achieve results that approximate the highly trustworthy results obtained from a randomized experiment. This chapter details two newer methods for quasi-experimental research that have become quite common in the broader field of education but have not yet become frequently employed within the field of music education research. These two methods are regression discontinuity designs and the use of propensity scores for the equating of nonequivalent groups.

Klinische und psychosoziale Charakteristika bei Suchtpatienten mit und ohne PTBS

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 315-324
Author(s):  
Anja Hildebrand ◽  
Heinz C. Vollmer ◽  
Julia Domma-Reichart
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Scores

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: In Deutschland liegen nur vereinzelte Studien zur PTBS-Prävalenzquote bei Suchtpatienten und zu deren psychischen Befund vor. Fragestellung: Wie hoch ist die relative Häufigkeit einer PTBS bei Patienten mit substanzbezogenen Störungen und wie unterscheiden sich die Patienten mit und ohne PTBS hinsichtlich klinischer und psychosozialer Charakteristika? Methode: Mittels Chi-Quadrat- und t-Tests wurden 376 mittels Propensity Scores gematchte Patienten aus einer Stichprobe von 4105 konsekutiv aufgenommenen Abhängigen in diagnostischen und psychischen Merkmalen retrospektiv miteinander verglichen. Ergebnisse: Die relative Häufigkeit von PTBS lag bei den Patienten mit einer alkoholbezogenen Störung bei 3,8 %, bei den restlichen Suchtpatienten mit Störungen durch andere psychotrope Substanzen bei 10,5 %. Bei den PTBS Patienten lag häufiger eine Persönlichkeitsstörung vor. Außerdem waren die PTBS Patienten stärker psychisch belastet, in ihrem Interaktionsstil abweisender, introvertierter, und nachgiebiger sowie im Bindungsstil vermeidender. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Unterschiede verdeutlichen die Notwendigkeit von auf den Interaktions- und Bindungsstil individuell angepassten Interventionen im Rahmen der Standardbehandlungen für Suchtpatienten mit PTBS.

Validating Four Standard Scales in Spiritually Practicing and Nonpracticing Samples Using Propensity Score Matching

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niko Kohls ◽  
Harald Walach
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Propensity Scores ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Social Support Scale ◽  
Lower Test

Validation studies of standard scales in the particular sample that one is studying are essential for accurate conclusions. We investigated the differences in answering patterns of the Brief-Symptom-Inventory (BSI), Transpersonal Trust Scale (TPV), Sense of Coherence Questionnaire (SOC), and a Social Support Scale (F-SoZu) for a matched sample of spiritually practicing (SP) and nonpracticing (NSP) individuals at two measurement points (t1, t2). Applying a sample matching procedure based on propensity scores, we selected two sociodemographically balanced subsamples of N = 120 out of a total sample of N = 431. Employing repeated measures ANOVAs, we found an intersample difference in means only for TPV and an intrasample difference for F-SoZu. Additionally, a group × time interaction effect was found for TPV. While Cronbach’s α was acceptable and comparable for both samples, a significantly lower test-rest-reliability for the BSI was found in the SP sample (rSP = .62; rNSP = .78). Thus, when researching the effects of spiritual practice, one should not only look at differences in means but also consider time stability. We recommend propensity score matching as an alternative for randomization in variables that defy experimental manipulation such as spirituality.

scholarly journals Relationship between initial peritoneal dialysis modality and risk of peritonitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maiko Kokubu ◽  
Masaru Matsui ◽  
Takayuki Uemura ◽  
Katsuhiko Morimoto ◽  
Masahiro Eriguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Propensity Scores ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Connection Type ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nara Prefecture

Abstract Peritonitis is a critical complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Investigators have reported the risk of peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) versus automated peritoneal dialysis (APD), but the available evidence is predominantly based on observational studies which failed to report on the connection type. Our understanding of the relationship between peritonitis risk and PD modality thus remained insufficient. We studied 285 participants who began PD treatment between 1997 and 2014 at three hospitals in Nara Prefecture in Japan. We matched 106 APD patients with 106 CAPD patients based on their propensity scores. The primary outcome was time to first episode of peritonitis within 3 years after PD commencement. In total, PD peritonitis occurred in 64 patients during the study period. Patients initiated on APD had a lower risk of peritonitis than did those initiated on CAPD in both the unadjusted and adjusted models. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the primary endpoint were 0.30 (0.17–0.53) in the fully adjusted model including connection type. In the matched cohort, APD patients had a significantly lower risk of peritonitis than did CAPD patients (log-rank: p < 0.001, HR 0.32, 95% CI 0.16–0.59). The weighting-adjusted analysis of the inverse probability of treatment yielded a similar result (HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.18–0.67). In conclusion, patients initiated on APD at PD commencement had a reduced risk of peritonitis compared with those initiated on CAPD, suggesting APD may be preferable for prevention of peritonitis among PD patients.

scholarly journals The Effects of Employment on Depression and Life Satisfaction Among Old-Aged Using the DD Method Combined With PSM

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 408-408
Author(s):  
Si Young Song ◽  
Hey Jung Jun ◽  
Sun Ah Lee
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Propensity Scores ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Double Difference ◽  
Combined Model ◽  
Comparative Group ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of employment on depression and life satisfaction among old-aged. Using 12th (2017) wave and 13th (2018) wave of Korean Welfare Panel Study (KoWePS), three stages of analyses were conducted. First, through propensity score matching (PSM) method, sample with similar propensity scores was matched between the group that did not work in 12th wave but worked in 13th wave (experimental group, N=180), and the group that did not work in 12th and 13th wave (comparative group, N=180). Second, the matched sample was used to conduct multiple regression analysis with the group dummy variable (experimental group, comparative group) as an independent variable, and depression and life satisfaction as the dependent variables. Third, combined model of propensity score matching (PSM) and double difference (DD) method was conducted to more appropriately derive the net effect of employment. The results of multiple regression after propensity matching showed that employment had a positive effect on reducing depression (B= -1.70, p&lt; .01) and increasing life satisfaction (B= .12, p&lt; .01) in old-aged. Furthermore, in combined model of PSM and DD, life satisfaction was improved when employed compared to non-employed (B= .15, p&lt; .05). The results of this study are meaningful in that the meaning of employment in old-aged is more clearly derived by solving selection bias and endogenous problems. Also, this study may provide reference for establishing welfare policies related to employment among old-aged.

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