The Role of the Indigenous Gut Microbiota in Human Health and Disease

2017 ◽  
pp. 75-104
Author(s):  
Tyler Vunk ◽  
Kristin M. Burkholder
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health And Disease

scholarly journals Guild-based analysis for understanding gut microbiome in human health and diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guojun Wu ◽  
Naisi Zhao ◽  
Chenhong Zhang ◽  
Yan Y. Lam ◽  
Liping Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Disease Phenotypes ◽  
Genetic Complexity ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Specific Health

AbstractTo demonstrate the causative role of gut microbiome in human health and diseases, we first need to identify, via next-generation sequencing, potentially important functional members associated with specific health outcomes and disease phenotypes. However, due to the strain-level genetic complexity of the gut microbiota, microbiome datasets are highly dimensional and highly sparse in nature, making it challenging to identify putative causative agents of a particular disease phenotype. Members of an ecosystem seldomly live independently from each other. Instead, they develop local interactions and form inter-member organizations to influence the ecosystem’s higher-level patterns and functions. In the ecological study of macro-organisms, members are defined as belonging to the same “guild” if they exploit the same class of resources in a similar way or work together as a coherent functional group. Translating the concept of “guild” to the study of gut microbiota, we redefine guild as a group of bacteria that show consistent co-abundant behavior and likely to work together to contribute to the same ecological function. In this opinion article, we discuss how to use guilds as the aggregation unit to reduce dimensionality and sparsity in microbiome-wide association studies for identifying candidate gut bacteria that may causatively contribute to human health and diseases.

scholarly journals Role of Biological Sex in the Cardiovascular-Gut Microbiome Axis

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangyue Li ◽  
Georgios Kararigas
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

There has been a recent, unprecedented interest in the role of gut microbiota in host health and disease. Technological advances have dramatically expanded our knowledge of the gut microbiome. Increasing evidence has indicated a strong link between gut microbiota and the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In the present article, we discuss the contribution of gut microbiota in the development and progression of CVD. We further discuss how the gut microbiome may differ between the sexes and how it may be influenced by sex hormones. We put forward that regulation of microbial composition and function by sex might lead to sex-biased disease susceptibility, thereby offering a mechanistic insight into sex differences in CVD. A better understanding of this could identify novel targets, ultimately contributing to the development of innovative preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for men and women.

scholarly journals Metabolic activity of gut microbiota and xenobiotics

2015 ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordana Bojic ◽  
Svetlana Golocorbin-Kohn ◽  
Maja Stojancevic ◽  
Momir Mikov ◽  
Ljiljana Suvajdzic
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Great Benefit ◽  
Host Organism ◽  
Symbiotic Microorganisms ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Bacterial Genes

The intestine habitat is the natural collection of symbiotic microorganisms. The bacterial population enables many permanent metabolic activities in this environment. Inside the intestine of mammals there are an extended genome of millions of bacterial genes named microbiome. In recent years, there has been an increased interest of scientists to discover the place and the role of bio-ecological content and modulation of gut microbiota in a host organism using prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics, which may have a great benefit for human health.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Iron in Human Health and Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 453-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane M. Ward ◽  
Suzanne M. Cloonan
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Mitochondrial Homeostasis ◽  
Innate Immune Signaling ◽  
Mitochondrial Iron ◽  
Health And Disease

Mitochondria are an iconic distinguishing feature of eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria encompass an active organellar network that fuses, divides, and directs a myriad of vital biological functions, including energy metabolism, cell death regulation, and innate immune signaling in different tissues. Another crucial and often underappreciated function of these dynamic organelles is their central role in the metabolism of the most abundant and biologically versatile transition metals in mammalian cells, iron. In recent years, cellular and animal models of mitochondrial iron dysfunction have provided vital information in identifying new proteins that have elucidated the pathways involved in mitochondrial homeostasis and iron metabolism. Specific signatures of mitochondrial iron dysregulation that are associated with disease pathogenesis and/or progression are becoming increasingly important. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating mitochondrial iron pathways will help better define the role of this important metal in mitochondrial function and in human health and disease.

Physiological Role of Gut Microbiota for Maintaining Human Health

Digestion ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Andoh
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Physiological Role

Role of alpha-1 antitrypsin in human health and disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 276 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. de Serres ◽  
I. Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin

scholarly journals Dietary Bioactive Compounds and Human Health and Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia González
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Nutritional Compounds ◽  
Dietary Bioactive Compounds

In the last century, solid scientific evidence has demonstrated the role of nutritional compounds in the maintenance of health [...]

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