Defining Child Trafficking for Labor Exploitation, Forced Child Labor, and Child Labor

2019 ◽  
pp. 339-351
Author(s):  
Luz María Puente Aba
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Child Trafficking ◽  
Labor Exploitation

scholarly journals Minimal Departures: Narratives of Younger Female Mobility in Late Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century Italian Children’s Literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-138
Author(s):  
Rita Caviglioli
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Children's Literature ◽  
World War I ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
National Development ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Labor Exploitation ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Mobility narratives in late nineteenth- and early twentieth- century Italian literature for children reflect the dramatic conditions of vagrancy, abandonment and forced relocation, as well as the situation of child-labor exploitation and child trade through apprenticeship contracts. They also document experiences of mass emigration. In my essay I intend to: i) acknowledge that children’s conditions have been the object of an extensive multi-disciplinary debate in the 1800s and early 1900s; ii) briefly discuss the specifics of Italian children’s literature and the representation of young male mobility; iii) identify some recurring narrative patterns of female (im)mobility; iv) point to three specific narrative plots that relate the mobility of younger female characters to national-identity and national-development issues; v) analyze two of these narratives, Maria Messina’s Cenerella and Olga Visentini’s La zingarella e la principessina, which were written during or in the aftermath of World War I.

Challenges in Building a Green Supply Chain

2015 ◽  
pp. 311-323
Author(s):  
Yudi Fernando ◽  
Kurtar Kaur ◽  
Ika Sari Wahyuni-TD
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
Green Supply Chain ◽  
Conflict Minerals ◽  
Labor Exploitation ◽  
The World ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Halogen Free

Consumers today are focusing on products that are manufactured using sustainable, environmentally friendly methods. Profitability or even existence of an industry can be impacted by public opinion. Governments all over the world are also coming up with stricter regulations for industries to comply with on items like pollution, hazardous content, conflict minerals, child labor, exploitation, etc. A number of requirements have been set up by the semiconductor industry, and Intel worldwide is working on some of the current issues: (1) conflict-free minerals sourcing; (2) using green/sustainable energy; (3) reduction of water consumption/recycling of water; and (4) migrating to unleaded parts and halogen free parts. This chapter presents the Intel experiences and challenges in building a green supply chain at both the corporate and regional levels.

Child Trafficking and Slavery

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Howard
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Child Trafficking ◽  
Research With Children ◽  
Child Slavery

“Child trafficking” began its career as a core international child protection issue in the late 1990s. It emerged from the union of the anti–child labor and anti–sex trafficking movements, which both underwent a resurgence at that time and paralleled a rise in focus on the commercial sexual exploitation of children. Since around 2005, trafficking has been joined by “child slavery,” which contemporary abolitionists argue is a subset of the “modern-day slavery” that they claim blights the global economy. Child trafficking and child slavery have thus become twin issues, enshrined in—and targeted for eradication by—the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Conceptually, each issue is understood and constructed within mainstream media and political discourse as a matter of innocents being kidnapped and enslaved by criminal exploiters or sold by their poverty-stricken/“culturally backward” parents. The conventional policy approaches with which this discourse is associated thus tend toward the draconian, replicating the aggressive yet depoliticizing efforts of those who wish to outlaw child labor and (adult or child) prostitution. Scholars and critical practitioners from all continents have pushed back, arguing that discourse is as problematic and reductive as policy is misguided and ineffective. Criticism has targeted the unsophisticated, at times racist nature of many mainstream representations, as well as the damaging, unintended consequences of top-down policy and project interventions. Many have focused on documenting children’s agency amidst their structural constraints, including the consent that they offer for their work, even where that work is labeled as trafficking or slavery. Others have sought to situate this work within its sociocultural contexts. A small handful of scholars have gone inside the discursive and policy regime in order to understand and map how policymakers think and act around these issues. Considerable differences exist between researchers who have conducted empirical research with children labeled as slaves or victims of trafficking and those who examine these issues from a more bird’s-eye perspective. Naturally, there is great overlap between those who examine related issues—such as child labor, child sexual exploitation, modern slavery, or adult sex trafficking. Nevertheless, given the policy, institutional, and discursive overlaps between child trafficking and slavery and child labor, many of the texts cited will be drawn from literature that straddles both topics.

scholarly journals Sociological Analysis Of Domestic Child Labor

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-162
Author(s):  
Sadia Barrech ◽  
Muhammad Din ◽  
Allauddin Allauddin
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Domestic Labor ◽  
Child Trafficking ◽  
Domestic Worker ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Bonded Labor ◽  
Domestic Labour

A large number of children are engaged in child labour as domestic worker and this trend is common in developing countries. Child domestic labor is usually practiced in rural and urban areas across Pakistan. Even educated and well-to-do people frequently engage young children to work in their homes as domestics, kitchen assistants or baby-sitters. In worse forms, child domestic labor takes place over very unfair tools, counting child trafficking and bonded labor. The aim of the present study is to examine the Socio-economic characteristics of respondent’s causes of child domestic labor. Universe of the study was Quetta city and 120 respondents were selected through snow ball sampling. According to findings of the study the child laborers work for longer hours on low wages. They often face physical abuse and some time sexual abuse by their employers. The need is to implement the labour laws so that children can be protected from domestic labour.

Strangers in a Foreign Land: Migration's Hidden Risk: Increased Child Trafficking

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-5
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Child Trafficking ◽  
The World ◽  
Foreign Land ◽  
Potential Exploitation

In many parts of the world, migration is adding a new dimension to the child labor problem, exposing many children to potential exploitation by traffickers. This article explains how migrants can fall into the trafficking trap and how the ILO is working to stop this worst form of child labor.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Child Vulnerability and Its Nature: An Analytical Study on Bangladesh Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-23
Author(s):  
Md. Abu Shahen
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Child Trafficking ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Academic Pressure ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Child Vulnerability ◽  
Legal Frameworks

Child vulnerability refers to the conditions where children have not the ability to protect themselves from harassment, maltreatment, and malnutrition which could weaken. This study has tried to reveal the prevalence and the nature of child vulnerability in Bangladesh, and the root causes of child vulnerability have also been explored and debated and discussed throughout the article. However, the study is narrative and qualitative in the manner and secondary data have been used to develop and support the arguments for the study. As findings, the study has also found that children are at great risks due to some notable reasons, such as excessive academic pressure, the worst form of child labor in the working place, disability, child trafficking, and natural disasters which led them to be victimized with maltreatment and malnutrition which is more prevalent in the rural and urban slum areas. Moreover, climate change and disasters have been playing an adverse role to increase the prevalence of children's vulnerability in Bangladesh. In conclusion, the study suggests that decision-makers and policymakers need to be more conscious and responsible to revise the existing legal frameworks and their effective implementation for the protection of children against vulnerability.

Targeting the Right Issue: Trafficked Children and the Human Rights Imperative

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Bhabha
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Child Victims ◽  
Child Trafficking ◽  
At Risk Children ◽  
Education Campaigns ◽  
The Right ◽  
Modern Day Slavery

This chapter examines the flourishing industry in transnational child trafficking leading to different forms of exploitative child labor in peacetime, along with its human rights implications. It begins with a discussion of important innovations in the representation of trafficked children who use the asylum protection system to secure a lawful permanent status, as well as progress in dealing with child victims of trafficking outside the asylum system. It then considers some of the complexities involved in curbing the “supply” of trafficked children, questions regarding the magnitude of human trafficking and how best to counter it, and the assumption that trafficking is simply a form of modern-day slavery. It also describes the law enforcement approach to child trafficking and public education campaigns for at-risk children about the danger of being trafficked. The chapter concludes by suggesting alternatives to existing strategies aimed at stemming the flow of trafficked children.

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