scholarly journals Electrochemical Techniques for in situ Corrosion Evaluation of Cultural Heritage

2018 ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Cano ◽  
Blanca Ramírez Barat
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Corrosion Evaluation

scholarly journals Organic Green Corrosion Inhibitors Derived from Natural and/or Biological Sources for Conservation of Metals Cultural Heritage

2021 ◽  
pp. 341-367
Author(s):  
Vasilike Argyropoulos ◽  
Stamatis C. Boyatzis ◽  
Maria Giannoulaki ◽  
Elodie Guilminot ◽  
Aggeliki Zacharopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Green Inhibitor ◽  
Biological Sources ◽  
Art Research ◽  
Green Corrosion Inhibitors

AbstractIn the last decade, there has been an increase in research related to green corrosion inhibitors for conservation of metals cultural heritage to help promote sustainable practices in the field that are safe, environmentally friendly, and ecologically acceptable. The most common are organic substances derived either from natural and/or biological sources: plant extracts and oils, amino acids, microorganisms, and biopolymers. The chapter will provide a review of these substances as corrosion inhibitors for metals conservation, by discussing the state-of-the-art research to date, with a special focus on cysteine. Most of the research has focused on the examination of such inhibitors on metal coupons with or without corrosion products using electrochemical techniques or weight-loss measurements to determine their effectiveness. Some of these studies have also considered the conservation principles for practice, i.e., reversibility of the treatment and the visual aspect of the modification of the treated metal surface. However, before such green inhibitors can be routinely applied by conservators, more research is required on their application to real artefacts/monuments using in situ corrosion measurements. Furthermore, given that the composition of a green inhibitor is highly dependent on its extraction process, research must also involve identifying the specific adsorption models and involved mechanisms to ensure reproducibility of results.

scholarly journals Smart Electrochemical Portable Tools for Cultural Heritage Analysis: A Review

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 4303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentini
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Scientific Impact ◽  
Organic Layers ◽  
Electrochemical Devices ◽  
Metallic Corrosion

. Protecting Cultural Heritage (CH) from corrosion and other environmental damages, mainly involving metallic or organic layers contained in artwork, represents a major challenge for conservation scientists. Electrochemical techniques provide useful information about the deterioration effects of metallic coatings and organic layers. Recently, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) has been successfully applied in the study of metallic corrosion. However, EIS has not succeeded in becoming a routine technique, due to problems regarding both instrumental apparatus (which is not ideal for in situ analysis, especially with previous cell configurations), and the difficulty with data processing. At the same time, new portable electrochemical sensors, immunosensors, and biosensors have successfully made a scientific impact, mainly with in situ diagnosis of organic components contained in CH objects. For this purpose, this review presents two sections: the first describes the analytical optimization of impedance electrochemical cell geometries that are suitable for in situ metal-coating investigation; the second reports on the assembly of small electrochemical sensors, immunosensors, and biosensors, which useful for in situ organic layer characterization. This overview summarizes the state of the art regarding the application of electrochemical techniques and small electrochemical devices as alternative tools for the understanding of CH.

scholarly journals Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence for Designing Accessible Cultural Heritage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 870
Author(s):  
Galena Pisoni ◽  
Natalia Díaz-Rodríguez ◽  
Hannie Gijlers ◽  
Linda Tonolli
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Interaction Design ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Review Analysis

This paper reviews the literature concerning technology used for creating and delivering accessible museum and cultural heritage sites experiences. It highlights the importance of the delivery suited for everyone from different areas of expertise, namely interaction design, pedagogical and participatory design, and it presents how recent and future artificial intelligence (AI) developments can be used for this aim, i.e.,improving and widening online and in situ accessibility. From the literature review analysis, we articulate a conceptual framework that incorporates key elements that constitute museum and cultural heritage online experiences and how these elements are related to each other. Concrete opportunities for future directions empirical research for accessibility of cultural heritage contents are suggested and further discussed.

scholarly journals The Vocational School of Sintra and Its Contribution to Heritage Education

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 466-478
Author(s):  
Ana Mafalda Cardeira ◽  
Marta Frade
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Vocational School ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Heritage Education ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
And Training

This paper aims to share the experience acquired with students of the 3rd year (namely the 12th grade of the Portuguese educational system) at the Vocational School for the Recovery of Heritage of Sintra in the Course of Studies for Conservation and Restoration Assistants in the field of Plaster Restoration, in the classes of Work-Related Training and Analytical Methods of Examination and Laboratory Analysis, by carrying out theoretical-practical work and training in a work context specifically focused on Portuguese heritage, demonstrating how practical classes motivate students and prepare them for future professional work. This vocational course helps students to reflect and question themselves on the role of “looking” at heritage. Thus, its cross information, both interdisciplinary and from the historical-artistic context of the monument, will provide a better perspective over its materiality and its use. In situ learning awakens students to the reality of work. The notion that they are helping to maintain the memory of ancestors credits them and gives them confidence in their work. After presenting their Final Year Projects, they look at heritage with a more awakened vision. With this, they have the perception that they have contributed to the reconstruction of memory, their cultural heritage.

scholarly journals An Unconventional Field Mapping Application: A Complete Opensource Workflow Solution Applied to Lithological Mapping of the Coatings of Cultural Heritage

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Niccolò Iandelli ◽  
Massimo Coli ◽  
Tessa Donigaglia ◽  
Anna Livia Ciuffreda
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Photo Interpretation ◽  
Organization Management ◽  
Field Mapping ◽  
Lithological Mapping ◽  
Entire Amount

The conservation of a primary importance historical building requires organization, management, continuous updating, comparison, and visualization of a large amount of data of different nature and origin. In relation to these aspects the use of a GIS brings various advantages including single and univocal management of the entire amount of existing data in a relational, dynamic, updatable and queryable way. The integration of a mobile solution permits the updating of the dataset and checking on site all information. The workflow presented uses opensource solutions, desktop and mobile, which allows the creation of an unconventional lithological Field Mapping activity: starting from photo interpretation and in situ survey, all the coating materials (stone, etc.) of some monuments of primary historical and cultural interest have been mapped (i.e., Duomo di Firenze, Duomo di Prato). The product can be considered as a lithological cartography, vertically oriented, processed by field surveys, geognostic surveys and photo interpretation. All combined to create a “lithological” mapping of the coatings of the various monuments; the advantage is a new approach for conservation and restoration of Cultural Heritage. The proposed workflow involves a mobile solution, opensource, that allows the verification and management of the database in the field.

Permanent Plan of the Safeguards Sectors in Algeria (PPMVSS): The Case of Algiers Old Urban Nucleus

2010 ◽  
Vol 133-134 ◽  
pp. 1165-1169
Author(s):  
Amina Abdessemed-Foufa ◽  
Abdelwahab Zekagh ◽  
Houria Merouani
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Urban Research ◽  
In Situ Investigation ◽  
World Cultural Heritage ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Emergency Measures

In Algeria, several old urban nuclei are decayed or severely damaged. Numerous are the factors related to these damages: the age of constructions (many centuries), the bad or absence of maintenance, the natural disaster (earthquake, landslide, and floods) and sometimes the abandonment. Since 2003, the law 98-03 related to the preservation of cultural heritage and its application decree was implemented. In fact the first safeguard sector plan in Algeria was applied to the Casbah of Algiers which is classified as a World Heritage. This old urban nucleus presents an important decay. The different problems related to its aspect are principally the age of constructions; some of them date from the 10th century and the majority of the 16th; the absence of maintenance and recently in 2003 the impact of the earthquake. The project is still under investigation and is established by the CNERU Group (National Center in Urban Research and Studies). Furthermore the work on these areas was done under constraints. The Casbah of Algiers is a World Cultural Heritage, what induced us the installation of emergency measures (propping up), then in parallel an in situ investigation in order to determine the vulnerability of constructions was done (minor and major inheritance, houses and buildings) in order to elaborate the manual of rehabilitation and the safeguard plan and its regulation. This paper presents the adopted methodologies in this area and the different actions as the emergency measures, the constructions propping up and the manual of rehabilitation.

Culture, conflict and armed non-state actors: cultural heritage protection in a changing operating environment

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Dunkley
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Operating Environment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Protection Of Cultural Heritage

PurposeThis paper examines the implications, for States Parties, of the 1954 Convention safeguarding regime in the context of contemporary non-international armed conflict and ANSAs, with a general focus on the Middle East and in situ cultural property.Design/methodology/approachAs the nature of conflict changes and armed forces become further engaged in supporting peacekeeping operations and deliver training to host nation security forces, and human security becomes an increasingly important function of military operations, the protection of cultural heritage (as an expression of a people's identity) becomes a significant contribution to individual operations.FindingsInternational obligations to States Parties for the in situ protection of cultural heritage, under both International Humanitarian Law and HC54, become an ever increasing important responsibility for armed forces to help deliver.Research limitations/implicationsWhile NATO is increasingly focussed on the defence of western states parties from threats posed by the Russian Federation, and observing a commercially and military assertive China, a recent report issued by the Pentagon noted that the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is regrouping in Iraq faster than in Syria and could regain territory in six to twelve months in the absence of sustained military pressure.Practical implicationsPreservation in situ is used by heritage professionals to refer to the protection of a cultural heritage asset in its original location while the in situ protection of cultural property is a cornerstone topic of the 1954 Hague Convention Special Protection category. The Convention was drafted with international armed conflict in mind but the initial signatories to the Convention had sufficient foresight to consider non-international armed conflict and its potential effect on in situ cultural property by parties to the conflict, including Armed Non-State Actors (ANSA)Social implicationsUN Security Council Resolution 2449 (December 2018) recognized the negative impact of the presence, violent extremist ideology and actions on stability in Syria and the region of both Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) and the Al-Nusrah Front (ANF). This includes not only the devastating humanitarian impact on civilian populations but also the unlawful destruction of cultural heritage.Originality/valueANSAs comprise individuals and groups that are wholly or partly independent of State governments and which threaten or use violence to achieve their goals, such as Islamic State. As such, the military operating environment has changed since 1954.

Palazzo Dei Tribunali in Via Giulia

2017 ◽  
pp. 197-226
Author(s):  
Emanuela Chiavoni ◽  
Francesca Porfiri ◽  
Gaia Lisa Tacchi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Masonry Structure ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Direct Approach ◽  
Full Account ◽  
First Results ◽  
Visual Frame ◽  
Digital Survey

The study presents the very first results of research carried out on the Palazzo dei Tribunali in via Giulia, designed by Bramante but realised only in part. The only fragments that have survived are a few portions of a massive ashlar masonry structure, which characterized the base of the palace. The objective of the research was to carry out an analysis of the site but one that would combine the documentary biblio-iconographic aspect of the study – which would take full account of existing and published articles – with an enquiry based on a direct approach to the site within the metric and perspective-visual frame of reference. This type of analysis can be carried out through direct observation “in situ” and through an integrated digital survey campaign on various levels. This study can be considered an important contribution to the knowledge of the Palazzo and to the documentation of Cultural Heritage.

Who Moved My Masterpiece? Digital Reproduction, Replacement, and the Vanishing Cultural Heritage of Kyoto

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoji Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Original Paintings ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Cultural Properties ◽  
Digital Reproduction ◽  
National Treasures ◽  
Folding Screen

Abstract:In many temples in and around Kyoto, sets of wall and slide door paintings and folding screen paintings, which are designated either national treasures or important cultural properties of Japan, have been replaced in situ by high-quality digital reproductions. The original paintings, in turn, are now largely out of sight, placed in storage spaces within temples and museums. Vanguard projects of this nature were conducted in the mid-1990s. Since the mid-2000s, however, and without adequate review of the merits and demerits of such replacement, the practice has accelerated, and numerous sets of slide door paintings have been replaced by reproductions produced for the most part by two competing corporations. The process and implication of such digital replacement require far greater attention and discussion than has to date taken place. Accordingly, this article seeks to clarify the current status of, and problems arising from, the digitization projects taking place in and around Kyoto.

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