Can Trade Openness and Global Value Chains Improve Real GDP Growth and Human Development Index in Sub-Saharan African Countries?

2018 ◽  
pp. 297-326
Author(s):  
Beatrice Isah Dara
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Sub Saharan

Fighting Income Inequality in Nigeria and Social Exclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 170-181
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Methodical Approach ◽  
Sub Saharan

The chapter examines the income inequality and social exclusion in Nigeria. The gap between the haves and have-nots has become an issue of concern in Nigeria. This chapter, therefore, seeks to examine a methodical approach for measuring inequality in Nigeria; Nigeria's ranking in human development index (between 1990 and 2017); trends in inequality, poverty, unemployment, and life expectancy from 1980 to 2017; and the income inequality in Nigeria relative to other Sub-Saharan African countries along with sex disaggregated HDI relative to other Sub-Saharan African countries and the implications to social policy reforms.

scholarly journals Nature's role in sustaining economic development

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1537) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Partha Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Comprehensive Wealth ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Sub Saharan

In this paper, I formalize the idea of sustainable development in terms of intergenerational well-being. I then sketch an argument that has recently been put forward formally to demonstrate that intergenerational well-being increases over time if and only if a comprehensive measure of wealth per capita increases. The measure of wealth includes not only manufactured capital, knowledge and human capital (education and health), but also natural capital (e.g. ecosystems). I show that a country's comprehensive wealth per capita can decline even while gross domestic product (GDP) per capita increases and the UN Human Development Index records an improvement. I then use some rough and ready data from the world's poorest countries and regions to show that during the period 1970–2000 wealth per capita declined in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, even though the Human Development Index (HDI) showed an improvement everywhere and GDP per capita increased in all places (except in sub-Saharan Africa, where there was a slight decline). I conclude that, as none of the development indicators currently in use is able to reveal whether development has been, or is expected to be, sustainable, national statistical offices and international organizations should now routinely estimate the (comprehensive) wealth of nations.

scholarly journals Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment: A Panel Data Analysis for Sub-Saharan African Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semra Boğa
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Determinants Of Fdi

The aim of this study is to investigate the determinants of FDI inflows in Sub-Saharan African countries. In this study, panel data analysis was performed by using annual data from 23 countries for the period of 1975-2017. The Pesaran (2004) Cross-Section Dependence Test was performed to test correlation and IPS Unit Root Test was applied to reveal the stationary level between the units. Based on the PMG estimator results GDP growth, trade openness, domestic credit, natural resources and telecommunication infrastructure are all found to be the determinants of FDI inflows in Sub-Saharan countries in the long term. But, in the short term, only the GDP growth and trade openness determines the FDI inflows.

scholarly journals Washington Consensus Reforms and Lessons for Economic Performance in Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-156
Author(s):  
Belinda Archibong ◽  
Brahima Coulibaly ◽  
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Washington Consensus ◽  
Fiscal Discipline ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Policy Performance ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Sub Saharan

Over three decades after market-oriented structural reforms termed “Washington Consensus” policies were first implemented, we revisit the evidence on policy adoption and the effects of these policies on socio-economic performance in sub-Saharan African countries. We focus on three key ubiquitous reform policies around privatization, fiscal discipline, and trade openness and document significant improvements in economic performance for reformers over the past two decades. Following initial declines in per capita economic growth over the 1980s and 1990s, reform adopters experienced notable increases in per capita real GDP growth in the post-2000 period. We complement aggregate analysis with four country case studies that highlight important lessons for effective reform. Notably, the ability to implement pro-poor policies alongside market-oriented reforms played a central role in successful policy performance.

scholarly journals Renewable Energy Use, Real GDP, And Human Development Index In Bangladesh: Evidence From Simultaneous Equation Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabeya Basri ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Given

This paper tries to seek out the correlation between renewable energy use, real GDP, and HDI in addition to trade openness, urbanization, and environmental aspects in the case of Bangladesh during the phase of 1990-2015. In persuasion of the objective, time-series data of the given period is analyzed by means of the 2SLS approach. We also apply the VECM Granger causality technique in order to find the underlying relationship between the given variables. Findings of the study suggest that real GDP, CO2 emissions, and use of renewable energy have positive consequences on the human development index while trade liberalization and urbanization have insignificant impacts on it. The study finds renewable energy use improves human development processes. Therefore, the government should emphasize on renewable energy production and the use of renewable energy.

scholarly journals FDI, Global Value Chains, and Local Sourcing in Developing Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (284) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vito Amendolagine ◽  
Andrea Presbitero ◽  
Roberta Rabellotti ◽  
Marco Sanfilippo ◽  
Adnan Seric
Keyword(s):  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Local Sourcing

The local sourcing of intermediate products is one the main channels for foreign direct investment (FDI) spillovers. This paper investigates whether and how participation and positioning in the global value chains (GVCs) of host countries is associated to local sourcing by foreign investors. Matching two firm-level data sets of 19 Sub-Saharan African countries and Vietnam to country-sector level measures of GVC involvement, we find that more intense GVC participation and upstream specialization are associated to a higher share of inputs sourced locally by foreign investors. These effects are larger in countries with stronger rule of law and better education.

Living Standards in Sub–Saharan Africa: Current Situation and Stimulation of Growth

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
Anna Kachanova
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
International Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Sub Saharan

The paper discusses possible ways to overcome one of the most relevant global problems – poverty in the developing countries. The study is based on a component analysis of the Human Development Index as a quantitative indicator of living standards for the three poorest countries in Sub–Saharan Africa – Burkina Faso, Ghana and Cote d’Ivoire – with close economic, geographical and diplomatic ties. The standard of living in each of the three countries and its dependence on four groups of the most important factors (export and import levels, net current transfers from abroad, grants from the International Development Association etc.) are analyzed. The human development index is used in the study as an indicator that most fully reflects the actual situation in the state in terms of living conditions of the population and opportunities for development available to them. The analysis carried out in the article made it possible to reveal the strength and direction of the relationship between the standard of living in each of the countries (HDI) and the factors identified earlier. Particular interest in the article is given to the description and interpretation of the results, which at first glance seem paradoxical and impossible, but upon a more detailed examination acquire a certain meaning and high significance. Recommendations are given to improve the situation in each of the listed countries, taking into account their economic and social characteristics, problems and prospects. Particular attention is paid to identifying individual strategies that will allow each of the countries to qualitatively increase the standard of living of the population and will help accelerate the development of the national economy.

scholarly journals SMEs’ competitiveness and international trade in the era of Global Value Chains (GVCs) in Tanzania: An assessment and future challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e325
Author(s):  
Francis Lwesya
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Trading Systems ◽  
Medium Enterprises

International trade continues to play a crucial role in economic transformation in African countries. The rise of Global Value Chains (GVCs) presents opportunities through which international trade can be effectively conducted. GVCs facilitate organization of trade, international production and investment by locating different stages of production process across varied countries. This presents opportunities to integrate Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) into global trading systems but also may generate challenges particularly to resource constrained SMEs. Reviewing the challenges for the participation in international trade and possible integration into GVCs by Tanzania’s SMEs, the results show that the major challenges for SMEs internationalization are international marketing related constraints and global competition (69%), supply side constraints (56%), unfriendly investment climate (50%) and financial constraints (37.5%). As such, the role of trade policies remains critical in mitigating some of these challenges through formulating friendly legal and regulatory frameworks, enhancing SMEs productivity by building their managerial and technical capacities, minimizing trade costs, and increasing trade openness. However, given the current global, regional and domestic developments in Tanzania, trade policies need review so as to respond to the changing global trade landscape but also promote policy harmony, coherence and complementarities among varying implementing institutions, deficiency of which is debilitating policy implementation at present

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