Three Stages of Technical Artifacts’ Life Cycle: Based on a Four Factors Theory

2018 ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Nan Wang ◽  
Bocong Li
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Technical Artifacts

scholarly journals Standarisasi Halal Majelis Ulama Indonesia dalam Penyembelihan Ayam di Desa Kertawinangun Cirebon

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-72
Author(s):  
Afif Muamar ◽  
Juju Jumena
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Village

AbstractThis study aims to determine the process of slaughtering broilers in the village of Kertawinangun and the process of slaughtering according to the the Indonesian Ulema Council standard. This research is descriptive-analytical using qualitative methods. This research resulted in three things, first, the method of slaughtering and processing stages of broilers grouped into three stages, namely the stages in the preparation of chickens, slaughtering, and processing of chickens. And secondly, several factors influence consumer behavior related to halal slaughter, namely; 1) Cultural Factors, namely human behavior is largely determined by the culture that surrounds it, and its influence will always change every time by the times. 2) Social factors include family groups and role models. 3) Personal factors consisting of age and stages of the life cycle, economic conditions, lifestyle, and personality.

Coalition Governance in Western Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Torbjörn Bergman ◽  
Bäck Hanna ◽  
Hellström Johan
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Western European

This chapter describes the ambitions of the volume. First, we build on the lessons from earlier studies of governments in Western and Central Eastern Europe to deepen our understanding of the coalition life cycle, covering the three stages of a government’s ‘life’, beginning with the formation process, then turning to the governance stage, and lastly turning to the final phase when governments eventually terminate. Second, we seek to capture how recent changes in the Western European party systems, which are also described here, influence the various stages of the coalition life cycle. Third, we are in particular interested in how coalition partners cooperate and make policy once a government has formed, aiming to contribute to the growing literature on the topic of coalition governance. The chapter ends with a description of the content of the volume.

The Development of Political Corruption: A Case Study of Israel

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 620-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simcha B. Werner
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Political System ◽  
Political Corruption ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Embryonic Stage ◽  
The Political ◽  
Three Stages

The paper emphasizes the effects of various societal forces on the development of corruption. The study of these factors contributes to an understanding of how corruption can thrive in countries with high levels of political development. Three stages of the life-cycle of corruption have been identified in Israel, which serves as a case study. The embryonic stage is associated with foreign domination of Palestine. The period after Israel became independent and until 1967 marks the development stage of corruption, when inhibiting and stimulating forces intermingled and produced white corruption, which was rationalized, condoned and allowed to prevail. The period since 1967 evidences the maturation of corruption. In this period, inhibiting forces of corruption are declining, while catalyzing forces of corruption are accentuating. The result is numerous scandals of black corruption that upset the political system.

scholarly journals Determining the influence of transformation changes in the life cycle on the assessment of effectiveness of an ecologistic system project

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3 (109)) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Sergey Rudenko ◽  
Viktor Gogunskii ◽  
Tetiana Kovtun ◽  
Victoriya Smrkovska
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Linear Polynomial ◽  
Project Life Cycle ◽  
Project Phases ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
System Project ◽  
Project Life

The issue of assessing the effectiveness of a project of an ecologistic system using the criterion of «a discounted payback period», which takes into consideration the transformational changes in the project life cycle, was considered. The specific features of the life cycle of a project of an ecologistic system, in the structure of which it is proposed to include environmentally-oriented regeneration and revitalization phases, were explored. The phases of a life cycle were divided into stages, between which consecutive and parallel relations were established. The project life cycle consists of time intervals, during which from one to three stages of the project phases can run in parallel. A model of the life cycle of an ecologistic system, which shows the relations between time intervals and cash flows that correspond to the stages of the project life cycle phases, was developed. A mathematical formula for calculating the discounted payback period of a project, which takes into consideration the specific features of the formation of cash flows of separate phases of the life cycle of an ecologistic system, was proposed. The application of the formula is possible when assuming the constancy of cash flows of the stages of operational and the regeneration phases, which corresponds to the conditions of uncertainty of their forecasting at the beginning of the project. The functional dependences between the discounted payback period and cash flows during the phases of a project life cycle were studied. Depending on a phase of the life cycle, the dependence is expressed by a linear, polynomial, or power function. The identification of functional dependences makes it possible to study the dynamics of changes in the discounted payback period with changes in project cash flows, which can be used in forecasting the effectiveness of an ecologistic system project.

Nuclear Volumes and Dna Content of Three Stages in the Life Cycle of Armillaria Bulbosa

Mycologia ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 967-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Cope Peabody ◽  
Robert B. Peabody
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Three Stages

scholarly journals Life cycle carbon emission of monorail transit and its comparison in operation stage with other city transit modes

2021 ◽  
Vol 272 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Teng Li ◽  
Eryu Zhu ◽  
Haoran Liu
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Operation Stage ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Operation Phase ◽  
Whole Life Cycle ◽  
Manufacturing Stage ◽  
Beijing Subway

In this paper, carbon emissions of a monorail transit are calculated using the method of whole life cycle, which can be divided into four stages: material manufacturing stage, construction stage, operation stage and demolition stage. In the operation phase, the units are PKT (Passenger Kilometers Travelled) and VKT (Vehicle Kilometers Travelled), while in other three stages, the unit is 1 km. The results show that the carbon emissions from the 1km length monorail are 6271.204 tons. In addition, in the operation stage, it is found that the PKT index and VKT index of Chongqing monorail transportation are 0.07468 and 3.31933 respectively, far lower than those of subways in the same city. For PKT indicators of other rail transits, from small to large, they are light rail, tram, subway, APM and maglev. As for VKT indicators, from small to large, they are tram, light rail, subway, APM and maglev. The PKT index of Beijing subway is the lowest compared with that of other cities.

scholarly journals Dinamika Pertumbuhan Feminisme Di China Dalam Perspektif Konstruktivisme

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Anna Yulia Hartati ◽  
Ismiyatun Ismiyatun ◽  
Adi Joko Purwanto ◽  
Nur Islamiati
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
International Norms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Female Figures ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Moral Necessity ◽  
Norm Emergence

This article describes how the growth process of feminism in China in the perspective of constructivism regarding the life-cycle of norms. In theory, there are three stages of how a norm which in this case is feminism through the life-cycle of norms. This research method uses a qualitative method of literature study. In this article, the findings are that there are three propositions related to the emergence of international norms in feminism in China, the first is Norm emergence which is described by the emergence of one of the famous female figures, namely, He Zhen, who adopted western feminism by not leaving Chinese cultural identity which was considered good for her. Chinese women's social change. In contrast to other reformers, He Zhen specifically separates the case of feminism from nationalism, stating that women's liberation is not for the sake of the nation, but rather a moral necessity. Second, the Norm Cascade is illustrated by the influence of China's state ratification of the Convention Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) held in Copenhagen Denmark, by accepting international norms on gender equality which in turn will require domestic laws to make some changes to suit the issue. Third, Internalization is described by the growth process of Chinese feminism, namely the process of fusion with culture within the body of feminism itself, or in other words, feminism that develops has its own unique characteristics that are not owned by other countries and only China has it.Keywords: Chinese feminism, constructivism perspective, the life-cycle of norms

scholarly journals Distinct Trafficking and Localization of STEVOR Proteins in Three Stages of the Plasmodium falciparum Life Cycle

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 6597-6602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louisa McRobert ◽  
Peter Preiser ◽  
Sarah Sharp ◽  
William Jarra ◽  
Mallika Kaviratne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Asexual Parasite ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Trafficking Pathway ◽  
Erythrocyte Plasma Membrane ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Sexual Stages ◽  
Maurer's Clefts ◽  
Subtelomeric Regions

ABSTRACT The genome of Plasmodium falciparum harbors three extensive multigene families, var, rif, and stevor (for subtelomeric variable open reading frame), located mainly in the subtelomeric regions of the parasite's 14 chromosomes. STEVOR variants are known to be expressed in asexual parasites, but no function has as yet been ascribed to this protein family. We have examined the expression of STEVOR proteins in intraerythrocytic sexual stages, gametocytes, and extracellular sporozoites isolated from infected Anopheles mosquitoes. In gametocytes, stevor transcripts appear transiently early in development but STEVOR proteins persist for several days and are transported out of the parasite, travel through the host cell cytoplasm, and localize to the erythrocyte plasma membrane. In contrast to asexual parasites, gametocytes move STEVOR to the periphery via a trafficking pathway independent of Maurer's clefts. In sporozoites, STEVOR appear dispersed throughout the cytoplasm in vesicle-like structures. The pattern of STEVOR localization we have observed in gametocytes and sporozoites differs significantly from that in asexual parasite stages. STEVOR variants are therefore likely to perform different functions in each stage of the parasites life cycle in which they occur.

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