Eradicating Child Labor: Ending Economic Exploitation of Children as an Objective of Sustainable Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 390-402
Author(s):  
Gamze Erdem Türkelli
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Economic Exploitation

scholarly journals A Human Rights-Based Approach in Implementing Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education) for Ethnic Minorities in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 4179
Author(s):  
Doanh-Ngan-Mac Do ◽  
Linh-Khanh Hoang ◽  
Cuong-Minh Le ◽  
Trung Tran
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Human Rights Based Approach

Seventeen sustainable development goals (SDG) by the United Nations in its 2030 Agenda have been nationalized and implemented in Vietnam. One of the country’s priorities is making educational provision accessible to all of its residents, especially for marginalized groups, while enforcing their human rights. In this context, this article examines the implementation of SDG4 (quality education) in combination with the practice of human rights for ethnic minorities in Vietnam. With access to jurisprudence, this research provides a detailed assessment of the compatibility between SDG targets and the legal rights to education of ethnic minorities. Additionally, this research employs an exploratory method to investigate the four major conditions for the implementation of quality education for ethnic minorities, namely legal–political, economic, socio-cultural factors, and participation pride. We also investigate three main barriers that hinder SDG4 implementation and human rights practices, namely child labor, language, and gender inequality. The contribution of this study is necessary for establishing more informed strategies and policies towards sustainable development in education for multi-ethnic countries.

Child Labor, Trade and Investment: Toward the Harmonization of International Law

1997 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janelle M. Diller ◽  
David A. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Labor Standards ◽  
Trade Regime ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Economic Exploitation

Growing awareness of the economic exploitation of millions of children around the world has catapulted the issue of child labor into the public eye and brought it to the forefront of debate within governments, international organizations and the business sector. Arousing diverse interests, the debate juxtaposes the multilateral trade regime with international law governing labor standards and human rights. Each of the charters establishing the primary international organizations for cooperation in those areas is premised on the interdependence of economic and social progress. Nonetheless, the legal norms governing the various regimes differ in their scope and application to child labor, and formal linkages do not exist between the multilateral trade regime and international supervisory bodies dealing with labor standards and human rights.

scholarly journals Space cowboys and mankind’s devil advocates: Towards the sustainable development of space law

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-509
Author(s):  
Mihajlo Vucic
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
International Law ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Private Company ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
Outer Space Treaty ◽  
Ownership Rights ◽  
Space Activities

The commercialization of outer space has created new challenges for international law, aside from the traditional issues of demarcation and militarization. International norms that regulate space activities were adopted at a time when one could not imagine a private company being able to economically exploit space resources. The doctrine is divided between the supporters and opponents of the interpretation that allows for freedom of enterprise and ownership over space resources. The majority of states are prone to accept freedom of enterprise, limited by the interests of mankind and environmental protection. At the same time, except for states that allow for such a possibility through their internal laws, states are against ownership rights, believing that the non-appropriation principle is absolute. Economic exploitation is in accordance with the object and purpose of the Outer Space Treaty since it can undoubtedly benefit mankind. Ownership rights, however, are impossible to conceive under the existing legal framework. There is a need to reform the legal framework, if possible, through amendments to the Outer Space Treaty, although the more realistic avenue is through informal standards that would prevent the chaos of freedom to exploit outer space. The sustainable development of outer-space commercialization would, in the author?s opinion, encourage an internationally regulated economic initiative, which would not exclude freedom of access to space resources for every state.

scholarly journals Is Child Labor an Issue Today? Factors and Policy-Related

2020 ◽  
pp. 826-837
Author(s):  
Shadiya Mohamed Baqutayan ◽  
Sumaya Mohammed Bagotayan ◽  
Hafiz Hussin ◽  
Boniface Basin Anak Nyirob ◽  
Faisal Ali Al Balushi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Labor Policy ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Labor Issues

The world has accomplished progress in human right and child education under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); the goal that comprises end modern slavery and human trafficking and secures the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labor, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end child labor in all its forms, nevertheless, child labor issues are continuing to spread to many countries in the world. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to address the issue of child labor and factor that help to eliminate child labor issues in Malaysia. Data were collected through an online survey; the participants included twenty-nine (29) Malaysian civil services. The finding of this research indicated that, although the cost for hiring the children is low compare to the adult as highlighted in supply and demand side, few factors preventing community to use the child as a laborer like religion, awareness/knowledge, humanity, ethic, and culture, therefore, there must be a child labor policy that eliminates all forms of child labor in Malaysia. This research is carried values to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in enhancing the policy to end child labor, reduce poverty and hunger, and improves the quality of education; thus, this research carries values to the minister of labor and social affairs in enhancing the policy on human resources development.

scholarly journals Juridical Review of the Criminal Acts of Economic Exploitation of Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934-1944
Author(s):  
Nur Ainun ◽  
Sriono Sriono ◽  
Abdul Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
Child Exploitation ◽  
International Conventions ◽  
Laws And Regulations

Exploitation of children is an act that is prohibited by statutory regulations. Several laws and regulations, both the results of ratification of international conventions and laws and regulations issued by Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the criminal sanctions against child exploitation actors in Indonesia. The research method used is the normative juridical method, which is sourced from statutory regulations and literature. The research results show that child exploitation still occurs in Indonesia. The reason for the economic exploitation of children is poverty. The existence of criminal sanctions contained in statutory regulations has not yet provided a deterrent effect for perpetrators of child exploitation. So it is necessary to have the role of the central and local governments in order to reduce child exploitation, namely by enforcing both laws and regional regulations. Law enforcers, especially prosecutors and judges, provide maximum sanctions or threats to perpetrators of child exploitation. Exploitation of child labor will eliminate the existing rights of children such as playing and learning.

scholarly journals Human trafficking among nationals, refugees and migrants in Tunisia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Sabri
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
National Level ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Worldwide Phenomenon ◽  
Women And Children

Abstract Human trafficking is a worldwide phenomenon organized by national and international gangs and generating important financial resources. Refugees and migrants constitute the main victims of such organized crimes. At national level, human trafficking is facilitated by poverty, social exclusion and all forms of vulnerability. School dropout at young age is among determinants of Child labor, organized begging, drug trafficking and involvement in criminal gangs. Economic and political migrants are easy targets to national and international traffickers. The 2018 report shows that documented cases have increased from 28 in 2015 to 780 in 2018. Women and children represent the high majority respectively 75 % and 50 %. Criminal activities include forced employment (55 %), economic exploitation of children (33 %), sexual exploitation (10 %) and slavery like practice (2 %). Victims of human trafficking are from Tunisia (55 %), Ivory coast (40 %) and Caucasian countries (5 %). The reported cases are provided social and health services by government and national and international civil society organizations active in Tunisia. Victims suffer stigmatization particularly for HIV carriers and also depression and psychological disorders. Civil society organizations in addition to service delivery, facilitate case notifications and encourage victims for self-reporting which remains low (10 %). The objectives of the paper are to: Shed light on human trafficking in Tunisia particularly among refugees and migrantsAddress ways and means of preventing such criminal phenomenonInclude care of victims of human trafficking in the social and health package for refugees and migrants.

scholarly journals Understanding female migrant child labor within a cumulative risk framework: The case for combined interventions in Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Gauer Bermudez ◽  
Ozge Sensoy Bahar ◽  
Mavis Dako-Gyeke ◽  
Alice Boateng ◽  
Abdallah Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
Risk Framework ◽  
Predominantly Female ◽  
Female Migrant ◽  
Combined Interventions

North-to-south migration has been a persistent trend in Ghana. Yet the migrating population has recently shifted to become predominantly female and younger, with a significant increase in rural adolescent girls seeking employment in urban and peri-urban areas. For adolescents without strong networks of social and financial support, this practice can jeopardize their physical and mental health, putting them at risk of sexual victimization and economic exploitation. Building upon the work of cumulative risk and ecological systems theorists, this article examines the case of female adolescent load bearers (Kayayei) in Ghana, highlighting the need to develop and evaluate multi-component prevention efforts.

scholarly journals The types of marine economies and economic potentials of the shore areas of South Vietnam - a cultural ecology approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-160
Author(s):  
Tuyet Thi Yen Phan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Cultural Ecology ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
Marine Economy

We apply the theory of cultural ecology to understand the adaptation of fishing communities and residents to the natural ecology of the southern region (of Vietnam). Cultural ecology describes the process of adapting between the social environments of an individual community to surrounding natural environment. Through reproducing rational interpretations of natural ecological environments, humans select a series of production methods and forms of residence, establishing patterned behaviors interacting with the natural world. American anthropologist Julian H. Steward used this concept to explain the adaptive behavior of human cultures and their interactions with the natural environment. By applying this theory we can examine the types of marine economy and economic potential of the shores and the islands of the southern region of Vietnam. Regarding the typology of marine economy, our islands demonstrate a range of issues such as: Means of fishing and gathering seafood along the waters of the islands of the southern region of Vietnam Aquaculture. The salt production industry The production of handicrafts along the shore areas of the southern region of Vietnam The travel industry of the southern region of Vietnam From the perspective of maritime anthropology, there is a need to understand the relationship between marine environment and the survival of active populations, from which we have gathered a new desire for policies to facilitate sustainable development of fisheries for workers and local residents. The concept of ‘marine space’ is closely related to the concept and potential of sovereignty over marine resources. For fishermen, the existence of marine resources are also the source of survival. Therefore, the study of maritime peoples is crucial in the fostering of core concepts, as the current status of these populations demonstrates a lack of social awareness toward economic exploitation and the concept of environmental sustainability. Sustainable development of maritime crafts and environmental issues should be considered as development principles. Accordingly, the management of these sectors should have policies and measures for better management of marine resources to ensure the regeneration of the environment and ensure a more sustainable habitat for humans.

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