Oil Biosynthesis and Biotechnology in the Castor Bean

Biochemical aspects of castor oil biosynthesis

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst0280972 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 972-974 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

T. A. McKeon ◽

G. Q. Chen ◽

J.-T. Lin

Keyword(s):

Castor Bean ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Ricinus Communis ◽

Oil Biosynthesis ◽

Ricinus Communis L

Castor oil is 90% ricinoleate (12-hydroxy-oleate) and has numerous industrial uses. Components of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) pose serious problems to processors. We are evaluating two complementary approaches to providing a safe source of castor oil.

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An integrated omics analysis reveals the gene expression profiles of rapeseed, castor bean, and maize for seed oil biosynthesis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1129584/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nian Liu ◽

Jing Liu ◽

Shihang Fan ◽

Hongfang Liu ◽

Xue-Rong Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Castor Bean ◽

Oil Content ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Lipid Biosynthesis ◽

Biosynthetic Enzymes ◽

Seed Oil Content ◽

Oil Biosynthesis ◽

Lipid Metabolism Genes

Abstract Background Seed storage lipids are valuable for human diet and for the sustainable development of mankind. In recent decades, many lipid metabolism genes and pathways have been identified, but the molecular mechanisms that underlie species differences in seed oil biosynthesis are not fully understood. Results To investigate the molecular mechanisms of seed oil accumulation in different species, we performed comparative genome and transcriptome analyses of rapeseed and castor bean, which have high seed oil contents, and maize, which has a low seed oil content. The results uncovered the molecular mechanism of the low and high seed oil content in maize and castor bean, respectively. Transcriptome analyses showed that more than 61% of the lipid- and carbohydrate-related genes were regulated in rapeseed and castor bean, but only 20.1% of the lipid-related genes and 22.5% of the carbohydrate-related genes were regulated in maize. Compared to rapeseed and castor bean, fewer lipid biosynthesis genes but more lipid metabolism genes were regulated in the maize embryo. More importantly, most maize genes encoding lipid-related transcription factors, triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthetic enzymes, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and Calvin Cycle proteins were not regulated during seed oil synthesis, despite the presence of many homologs in the maize genome. These results revealed the molecular underpinnings of the low seed oil content in maize. In castor bean, we observed differential regulation of vital oil biosynthetic enzymes and extremely high expression levels of oil biosynthetic genes, which were consistent with the rapid accumulation of oil in castor bean developing seeds. Conclusions Compared to oil seed (rapeseed and castor bean), less oil biosynthetic genes were regulated during the seed development in non-oil seed (maize). These results shed light on molecular mechanisms of lipid biosynthesis in rapeseed, castor bean, and maize. They can provide information on key target genes that may be useful for future experimental manipulation of oil production in oilseed crops.

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Castor-bean acid lipase catalysed hydrolysis of triacylglycerols does not involve C-2 → C-1,3 transacylation

Phytochemistry ◽

10.1016/s0031-9422(00)80632-9 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 23 (12) ◽

pp. 3047-3048

Author(s):

T Diez

Keyword(s):

Castor Bean ◽

Acid Lipase ◽

Hydrolysis Of

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The Toxicity of Castor Beans and its Treatment with Doxycycline in Local Rabbits

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance ◽

10.25258/ijpqa.v9i2.13649 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nael Mohammed Sarheed ◽

Osamah Faisal Kokas ◽

Doaa Abd Alabas Muhammed Ridh

Keyword(s):

Castor Bean ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

High Concentration ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Doxycycline Treatment ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Physiological Tests ◽

Animal House ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

The plant of castor is widely spread in the Iraqi land, and characterized with containing ricin toxin, which has a very serious effects, and because the seeds of this plant scattered in the agricultural soil and rivers water, which increases the exposure of humans and animals to these beans. Objective: This experiment was designed to study the effect of high concentration of castor bean powder in some physiological and biochemical parameters and changes in some tissues of the body, as well as trying to use doxycycline to reduce the effects of ingestion of these seeds. Materials and Methods: In the experiment, 24 local rabbits were raised and fed in the Animal House of the Faculty of Medicine / Al-Muthanna University, then divided into four groups and treated for three weeks (21 days), Control group: treated with normal saline solution (0.9) orally throughout the experiment, G1: was treated orally with a concentration of 25 mg / kg of castor bean powder daily during the experiment, G2 : orally treated 25 mg / kg of castor bean and 25 mg / kg of doxycycline, G3: orally treated 25 mg / kg of castor powder with 50 mg / kg of doxycycline daily throughout the trial period. Results: The results of the experiment showed significant changes (P less than 0.05) in all physiological and biochemical blood tests when compared with control group. There was a significant decrease in PCV, Hb, RBC, T.protein and body weights, while demonstrated a significant increase in WBC, Urea, Creatinine, ALT, AST and ALP, with distortions in liver and kidney of animals that treated with Castor beans. In contrast, the treatment with doxycycline and caster beans showed significant improvement reflected by a normal proportion in physiological tests and biochemical tests with improvement in the tissues when compared to control group. Conclusions: It can be concluded from this study that castor bean has high toxic and pathogenic effects that may be dangerous to the life of the organism. Therefore, it is advisable to be cautious of these pills and avoid exposure to them, also recommended to take high concentrations of doxycycline treatment when infected with castor bean poisoning.

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Evaluation of castorbean samples by economically - valuable traits

Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS ◽

10.36710/ioc-2018-26-05 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 39-48

Keyword(s):

Ricinoleic Acid ◽

Castor Bean ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Oil Content ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Second Order ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Technological Parameters ◽

Potential Yield ◽

Ricinolic Acid

Castor oil (Ricinus communus L.) is an important commercial product. The climatic conditions of Ukraine determine the possibility of growing the castor as an annual crop. At the Institute of Oilseeds NAAS studied castor collection. The aim of the work was the selection of the most promising samples of castor oil, combining a large yield potential in a narrow range of vertical distribution for optimal technological parameters of mechanical harvesting with a high content of oil in seeds and ricinolic acid in oil. In the experience of 2015-2016, the manifestation of morphological features of 17 castor bean samples was studied. The height of plants, individual samples among themselves differed more than twice. Long-brush samples of ЕР118, К374, М203, К159 are distinguished on the basis of the length of the brush. The shortest brush was observed in sample K1008. The length of the productive brush in the studied samples is from 10.7 to 32.9 cm. Most castor bean samples under favorable conditions form brushes of the second and higher orders. According to this parameter, samples of Ep118 and selection No. 38 with four inflorescences of the second order are of the greatest interest. The largest brushes of the second order are similar in size to the brushes of the first order were observed in the samples: К1127, К810, К153. The adaptability of harvesting castor beads requires that the brushes of the first and second order coincide in height with each other, since the harvester can take a maximum of 60 cm. For the sum of the productive brushes of the first and second orders, the greatest potential yield will be provided by samples K159 and K1127. Among the studied collection stands out the small seed sample K159 and the large seed samples - PRL41 and K80. The average oil content in the seeds of the collection was from 52 to 61.4%. Sample38 had the highest oil content. The content of ricinolic acid in the collection was from 70.9 to 82.9%. Samples were isolated: К134, К1008, PRL41, К430 with the content of ricinoleic acid more than 80%. The results of the study of all parameters make it possible to isolate valuable technological samples. Sample K1064 with a high technological potential of productivity, with a seed oil content of 57.2%, has a not very high content of ricinoleic acid of 74.3%. Sample K1127 with an oil content of 58.6%, a mass of 1000 seeds of 265 g, a high potential of productive brushes has a wide variation in the arrangement of brushes. Sample K134 with a oil content of 57.1%, ricinoleic acid content of 80.7% has small second-order brushes and can be used as a single-cysts in a thicker seeding.

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