The Toxicity of Castor Beans and its Treatment with Doxycycline in Local Rabbits

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nael Mohammed Sarheed ◽  
Osamah Faisal Kokas ◽  
Doaa Abd Alabas Muhammed Ridh
Keyword(s):  
Castor Bean ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Doxycycline Treatment ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Physiological Tests ◽  
Animal House ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The plant of castor is widely spread in the Iraqi land, and characterized with containing ricin toxin, which has a very serious effects, and because the seeds of this plant scattered in the agricultural soil and rivers water, which increases the exposure of humans and animals to these beans. Objective: This experiment was designed to study the effect of high concentration of castor bean powder in some physiological and biochemical parameters and changes in some tissues of the body, as well as trying to use doxycycline to reduce the effects of ingestion of these seeds. Materials and Methods: In the experiment, 24 local rabbits were raised and fed in the Animal House of the Faculty of Medicine / Al-Muthanna University, then divided into four groups and treated for three weeks (21 days), Control group: treated with normal saline solution (0.9) orally throughout the experiment, G1: was treated orally with a concentration of 25 mg / kg of castor bean powder daily during the experiment, G2 : orally treated 25 mg / kg of castor bean and 25 mg / kg of doxycycline, G3: orally treated 25 mg / kg of castor powder with 50 mg / kg of doxycycline daily throughout the trial period. Results: The results of the experiment showed significant changes (P less than 0.05) in all physiological and biochemical blood tests when compared with control group. There was a significant decrease in PCV, Hb, RBC, T.protein and body weights, while demonstrated a significant increase in WBC, Urea, Creatinine, ALT, AST and ALP, with distortions in liver and kidney of animals that treated with Castor beans. In contrast, the treatment with doxycycline and caster beans showed significant improvement reflected by a normal proportion in physiological tests and biochemical tests with improvement in the tissues when compared to control group. Conclusions: It can be concluded from this study that castor bean has high toxic and pathogenic effects that may be dangerous to the life of the organism. Therefore, it is advisable to be cautious of these pills and avoid exposure to them, also recommended to take high concentrations of doxycycline treatment when infected with castor bean poisoning.

The toxicity of Castor beans and its treatment with Doxycycline in local rabbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nael Mohammed Sarheed ◽  
Osamah Faisal Kokaz ◽  
Doaa Abd Alabas Muhammed Ridh
Keyword(s):  
Castor Bean ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Doxycycline Treatment ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Physiological Tests ◽  
Animal House ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The plant of castor is widely spread in the Iraqi land, and characterized with containing ricin toxin, which has a very serious effects, and because the seeds of this plant scattered in the agricultural soil and rivers water , which increases the exposure of humans and animals to these beans. Objective: This experiment was designed to study the effect of high concentration of castor bean powder in some physiological and biochemical parameters and changes in some tissues of the body, as well as trying to use doxycycline to reduce the effects of ingestion of these seeds. Materials and Methods: In the experiment, 24 local rabbits were raised and fed in the Animal House of the Faculty of Medicine / Al-Muthanna University, then divided into four groups and treated for three weeks (21 days), Control group: treated with normal saline solution (0.9) orally throughout the experiment, G1: was treated orally with a concentration of 25 mg / kg of castor bean powder daily during the experiment, G2 : orally treated 25 mg / kg of castor bean and 25 mg / kg of doxycycline, G3: orally treated 25 mg / kg of castor powder with 50 mg / kg of doxycycline daily throughout the trial period. Results: The results of the experiment showed significant changes(p less than 0.05) in all physiological and biochemical blood tests when compared with control group. There was a significant decrease in PCV, Hb, RBC, T.protein and body weights, while demonstrated a significant increase in WBC, Urea, Creatinine, ALT, AST and ALP, with distortions in liver and kidney of animals that treated with Castor beans. In contrast, the treatment with doxycycline and caster beans showed significant improvement reflected by a normal proportions in physiological tests and biochemical tests with improvement in the tissues when compared to control group. Conclusions: It can be concluded from this study that castor bean has high toxic and pathogenic effects that may be dangerous to the life of the organism. Therefore, it is advisable to be cautious of these pills and avoid exposure to them, also recommended to take high concentrations of doxycycline treatment when infected with castor bean poisoning.

Relevant changes in the pharmacovigilance system in Russia and the EAEU

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Gildeeva ◽  
A.V. Belostotskiy ◽  
D.M. Andreeva
Keyword(s):  
Castor Bean ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pharmacovigilance System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Doxycycline Treatment ◽  
Physiological Tests ◽  
Animal House ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The plant of castor is widely spread in the Iraqi land, and characterized with containing ricin toxin, which has a very serious effects, and because the seeds of this plant scattered in the agricultural soil and rivers water , which increases the exposure of humans and animals to these beans. Objective: This experiment was designed to study the effect of high concentration of castor bean powder in some physiological and biochemical parameters and changes in some tissues of the body, as well as trying to use doxycycline to reduce the effects of ingestion of these seeds. Materials and Methods: In the experiment, 24 local rabbits were raised and fed in the Animal House of the Faculty of Medicine / Al-Muthanna University, then divided into four groups and treated for three weeks (21 days), Control group: treated with normal saline solution (0.9) orally throughout the experiment, G1: was treated orally with a concentration of 25 mg / kg of castor bean powder daily during the experiment, G2 : orally treated 25 mg / kg of castor bean and 25 mg / kg of doxycycline, G3: orally treated 25 mg / kg of castor powder with 50 mg / kg of doxycycline daily throughout the trial period. Results: The results of the experiment showed significant changes(p less than 0.05) in all physiological and biochemical blood tests when compared with control group. There was a significant decrease in PCV, Hb, RBC, T.protein and body weights, while demonstrated a significant increase in WBC, Urea, Creatinine, ALT, AST and ALP, with distortions in liver and kidney of animals that treated with Castor beans. In contrast, the treatment with doxycycline and caster beans showed significant improvement reflected by a normal proportions in physiological tests and biochemical tests with improvement in the tissues when compared to control group. Conclusions: It can be concluded from this study that castor bean has high toxic and pathogenic effects that may be dangerous to the life of the organism. Therefore, it is advisable to be cautious of these pills and avoid exposure to them, also recommended to take high concentrations of doxycycline treatment when infected with castor bean poisoning.

scholarly journals Metallothionein and Glutathione Content as Biomarkers of Metal Pollution in Mussels and Local Fishermen in Abu Qir Bay, Egypt

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 50-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziza A. Saad ◽  
Amany El-Sikaily ◽  
Hany Kassem
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Abu Qir Bay

Background. When heavy metals accumulate in air, soil, and water, the risk of human exposure increases among industrial workers, as well as in people living near polluted areas. Heavy metals adversely affect a variety of bodily systems such as the cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, immune, and reproductive systems. In addition, long-term exposure and accumulation of heavy metals in the body may disturb oxidative stress genes and thus increase the susceptibility to various diseases. Objectives. The aim of this study is to estimate the metallothionein concentration in both mussel samples from Abu Qir Bay, Egypt and the blood of local fishermen as a biomarker of exposure to metal pollution. Methods. Levels of metallothionein and heavy metals were measured in mussels. Blood levels of metallothionein and heavy metals of local fishermen were measured and compared with a control group. The effect of heavy metal exposure on oxidative stress status was investigated through the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase and glutathione content. Results. The results of this study showed high concentrations of metallothionein in mussels and in fishermen's blood, accompanied by high concentrations of metals such as cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and zinc (Zn). At the same time, a significant decrease in glutathione content and catalase enzyme activity was associated with a significant increase in the malondialdehyde concentrations in sera of fishermen. Conclusions. The present study found that the El Maadiya region is polluted with heavy metals, inducing oxidative stress in fishermen in the vicinity. These results reveal the necessity of further environmental monitoring in the study area in order to evaluate other types of pollutants and their effects on human health.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ZINC ELEMENT AND DEXAMETHASONE ON SOME HEMATOLOGICAL BIOCHEMICAL TESTS IN RABBITS MALE

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Dheyab
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Spleen Tissue ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Short Time

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of zinc in dose 15mg/kg.bw daily  taken by the mouth and dexamethasone 4mgIkg.Bw by injection for 30days on some hematological biochemical tests and some histological changes of liver spleen in male rabbits. Thirty rabbits were used that divided into 3 randomized groups (each group contain 10 male rabbits ). Control group was taken normal food and water, Zinc group that gave zinc at dose of 15mg/kg.BW/daily/oral on 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks. Dexamethasone with zinc group : Employ dexamethasone 4mg/Kg.Bw . I.M dialy for 1 and 2 weeks for experiment and at  3, 4th weeks they gave zn 15mg/lKg.Bw day/orally. Blood samples were taken from the heart directly in 2 and 4weeks to examine packed cell volume (pcv), white blood cells (WBCs), Red blood cells (RBCs) with differential Leuckcyte count.separation blood collection to plasma and examine glucose mg/dl , cholesterol mg/dl. In histological tests, rabbits were killed and separate their organs tissue from the body to examine liver and spleen. The results revealed  a decrease in level of RBCs, pcv after treatment with zinc 15, mg/Kg.Bw orally (zinc group) and increase in WBCs with differential leuckocyte count specially neutrophil cell, while biochemical tests show increase in glucose and cholesterol levels after treatment with dexamethasone 4mglkgBw. I/M seen increase in counts of RBCs , PCV, WBCs and differential lenkocyte count and decrease in glucose with cholesterol parameters, histological changes show change in liver after treatment by dexamethasone 4mglKg.Bw ,spleen tissue seen necrosis and pigmentation with hemorrhage after take dexamethasone 4mglkg in (dexamethasone + zinc group). Results also showed that zinc enhanced the immune system in at normal dose for limited time  because of its effect on other mineral such as copper and causes anemia , while the dexamethasone is a drug used for antianflammatory but for a short time.                                                                                                                           

Isolation and Identification of Thermostable Lactase-Producing Bacillus coagulans T242

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 1253-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Qian ◽  
Shu Juan Jiang ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Guang Qing Mu
Keyword(s):  
Thermophilic Bacteria ◽  
Bacillus Coagulans ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Optimum Approach ◽  
High Production ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Lactase from the thermophilic bacteria has the good characteristics of heat-stability, high production and low pollution, and can effectively solve people’s problem of “lactose intolerance”. In the present work, a thermostable lactase-producing strain was isolated from the fermenting sample in fermenting tank of a spice factory in Chinese city of Dalian. Base on morphological observation, physiological and biochemical tests and molecular identification, the thermostable lactase-producing strain T242 was identified as Bacillus coagulans. Moreover, investigation revealed that lactase from Bacillus coagulans T242 is an intracellular lactase hydrolyzing lactose into glucose and galactose inside of the bacterial cell, and the optimum approach for releasing lactase was the treatment with lysozyme followed by high concentration of NaCl.

Correlation Between Zinc Level and Cognitive Function Among the Pre Elderly

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 3108-3112
Author(s):  
Diorita Dyah Prayanti ◽  
Muhammad Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Zinc is required for various physiological and biochemical functions in the body. Although it is needed in the physiological processes of the body, deficiencies and excess levels of Zinc can harm humans. Excess levels of Zinc in the body can cause Alzheimer’s disease while Zinc deficiency can cause impaired cognitive function. This study aims to determine the correlation between Zinc levels with cognitive function among the pre-elderly in Bulak Village, Surabaya. The subjects were all elderly patients who visited Integrated Health Service Post of Elderly in Bulak, Kenjeran, and Surabaya from April 2015 to July 2015. The subjects were divided into 2 groups, the case group consisted of subjects with TMT-B >180 seconds and the control group consisted of subjects with TMT-B ≤180 seconds. Zinc levels of subjects were examined in hair using the technique of atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). Data analysis was using Chi-Square test with SPSS 21.0 program. There was no correlation between Zinc levels with cognitive function either statistically or clinically (p = 0.777, RO= 1.174, CI = 0.387-3.650). In conclusion, Zinc levels were not correlated with cognitive function among the pre-elderly in Bulak Village, Surabaya.

scholarly journals Study of Histological Changes in the Bones of Front and Hind Limbs of White Rat Treated with Ibuprofen and Lepidium Sativum

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1988-2003
Author(s):  
Zainab Salah Abdul Jabbar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Animal House

The current study was conducted to evaluate the morphological and histological changes in the front and hind limbs of Male albino rat belonging to the strain Sprague Dawley, treated with Ibuprofen and the possible protective effects of aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum. The study was performed in the animal house of Department of Biology Collage of Education for Girls University of Kufa. The study lasted seven months from September 2020 until February 2021 by following (80) male rats and were (16-20) weeks that weighted between (200-250)g which was divided in to eight groups each group consist of ten males. The first group was the orally given the normal saline only, and it was control group. The second group was treated orally with Ibuprofen at concentration of (400) mg/kg while the third group was administered Ibuprofen at concentration (400)mg/kg+ aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum seeds with concentration of (50) mg/kg. The fourth group was dosage Ibuprofen at (400)mg/kg+ extract of Lepidium sativum seeds with concentration (100)mg/kg orally too. The fifth group was treated with Ibuprofen at concentration (400)mg/kg +aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum at concentration (150) mg/kg orally. The sixth group was orally given the aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum seeds with concentration (50)mg/kg. The seventh group was treated with the aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum seeds with concentration (100)mg/kg orally. The last group was submitted to the aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum seeds with concentration (150)mg/kg by oral all groups were conducted once day from the first day until the sacrifice which was in two stages on (30 and 45)days. The current study included the process of recording the animal weights of body before and after the completion of experiment as well as weights of bones for front and hind limbs after the end of dose period The study included the histolgical sections of the limbs bones. It was absorved through the macroscopic examination of males dosed with Ibuprofen drug at concentration (400)mg/kg lack of movement and ,anorexia and sluggishness during a period 45 days. The results of statistical analysis showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in the body weight and the weight of limbs bones and the in treatment that were treated with Ibuprofen (30) and (45) days compared with control group. The results also showed decreased significant differences in body weight and weight of limbs in the groups were treated with Ibuprofen + water extract of lepidum sativum seeds (50)mg/kg also the result showed decrease (p<0.05) in body weight in the group of Ibuprofen + water extract of lepidum sativum seeds at (100)mg/kg in, the first dose 30 days, while there was no significant in the same group for the second dose(45) days. As for the group that was dose orally the aqueous extract of Lepidium Sativum seeds (50,100,150) mg/kg and for first and second dose showed significant increase ()in wight body and bones limb but no significant in length body and length of bones. Also patholgical changes were observed in the histolgical section of bone that dosed ibuprofen such as cellular changes in osteocytes, the lacuna looked empty without osteocyt and effected of cell components and cell life. The ather histolgical change was show in the bone marrow that decrease in blood cells components with hypoplasia and replacement of heamatopia with adipose content in the marrow cavity. There was no histopatholgical changes in the groups that treated with Ibuprofen +water extract of lipdium sativum seeds (50,100,150)Mg/kg compared with control group. As well as the group that was treated with water extract of Lepidium sativum showed cellular activity. From this study, it was concluded that Ibuprofen drug has toxic effects in the osteocytes that was affected in the bone tissue and bone formation for long term while the concentration aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum seeds has prevented the uncertain effects of drug. This stuy showed the important role of lepidum sativum as food supplements rich with vitamins and minerals on growth of bones.

scholarly journals Isolasi Bakteri Resisten Arsen pada Sedimen Tanah di Muara Sungai Buyat

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana C. Nainggolan ◽  
. Fatimawali ◽  
Widdhi Bodhi
Keyword(s):  
River Sediment ◽  
Mining Waste ◽  
The Body ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Identification ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Arsenic Stress ◽  
Arsenic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Abstract: Arsenic, a toxic element to the body, is commonly found in mining waste. Buyat is known as a mining location (especially gold mine) which dumps mining waste in the form of tailings into the sea through the Buyat River. A mine should process the degradation of waste from a very toxic form into a less toxic form before disposing the waste into the sea. However, this process is often overlooked by artisanal miner because it consumes considerable production cost. Waste containing toxic arsenic gradually accumulates into sediments in the ocean, so bacteria in the environment begin to develop a mechanism of resistance to arsenic. This study was aimed to determine the types of arsenic-resistant bacteria isolated from sediment at Buyat estuary using conventional bacterial identification methods, including morpho-logical, physiological, and biochemical tests. Nine bacterial isolates were treated with arsenic stress at 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 40 ppm, 80 ppm, 100 ppm, 300 ppm, 500 ppm, and 1000 ppm. The results showed several bacteria that could grow even in conditions containing as much as 1000 ppm of arsenic, namely Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, Aeromonas, Clostridium, Bacillus, Hafnia, and Escherichia. Conclusion: In the sediment of Buyat estuary we found seven genera of bacteria, as follows: Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, Aeromonas, Clostridium, Bacillus, Hafnia and Escherichia.Keywords: Arsenic-resistant bacteria, Buyat River, sediment, As2O3Abstrak: Arsen ialah salah satu jenis unsur yang bersifat toksik bagi tubuh dan merupakan salah satu hasil limbah pertambangan. Buyat merupakan salah satu lokasi pertambangan (terutama tambang emas) yang membuang limbah pertambangannya berupa tailings ke laut. Limbah tersebut dialirkan melalui Sungai Buyat. Pertambangan yang resmi harus melakukan proses degradasi arsen dari yang sangat toksik menjadi kurang toksik terlebih dahulu sebelum membuang limbah ke laut, namun proses ini sering diabaikan oleh pertambangan rakyat karena memakan biaya produksi yang cukup besar. Limbah yang mengandung arsen toksik lama-kelamaan terakumulasi menjadi sedimen di laut, sehingga bakteri di lingkungan tersebut mulai mengembangkan mekanisme resistensi terhadap arsen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis bakteri resisten arsen yang diisolasi dari sedimen di muara Sungai Buyat menggunakan metode identifikasi bakteri konvensional. Terdapat 9 isolat bakteri yang diberi perlakuan stres arsen pada 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 40 ppm, 80 ppm, 100 ppm, 300 ppm, 500 ppm, dan 1000 ppm. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan beberapa jenis bakteri yang dapat bertumbuh bahkan pada kondisi mengandung arsen sebanyak 1000 ppm, yaitu genus Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, Aeromonas, Clostridium, Bacillus, Hafnia, dan Escherichia. Simpulan: Pada sedimen tanah di muara Sungai Buyat diidentifikasi tujuh genus bakteri, yaitu Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, Aeromonas, Clostridium, Bacillus, Hafnia, dan Escherichia.Kata kunci: bakteri resisten arsen, Sungai Buyat, sedimen, As2O3

scholarly journals Concentration of Heavy Metals in the Biot of Lake Radoniqi and Badovci, Food Safety: Study of the Natural Environment in the Republic of Kosovo

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-238
Author(s):  
Adem Dreshaj ◽  
Bedri Millaku ◽  
Elvis Elezaj ◽  
Bekë Kuqi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Fish Organs ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Concentrations

The purpose of this research is to determine the content of heavy metals in the lakes of Kosovo, lakes with heavy metals such as: (Hg, Cd, Pb, As, Fe, Zn, Ni, Cu), in water and water sediment in Lake Radoniq and Lake Badovc. Determination of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, As), in muscle tissue and fish organs. Parameters as an indicator of fish safety for food, indicator of environmental pollution (Kosovo lake bioten). Age of fish, the amount of fat are important factors that affect the accumulation of heavy metals in fish. This indicates that the bioaccumulation of heavy metals is a special process and indicates the concentration of heavy metals in the body of the fish. The high concentration of Fe in fish organs is of particular importance for hemoglobin and its role in fish. Metal indicators such as biocumulation factors are different, for example, for Pb can be increased with high concentrations compared to international parameters which depends on the species of fish and the location of catching s137 fish, the concentration of heavy metals in the Lake and the impacts from agricultural activities. The concentration of heavy metals in the body of aquatic life depends on the way in which heavy metals penetrate, giving the body the opportunity to detoxify them through metabolism. Metabolism means the exchange of substances, the uninterrupted exchange of matter between the living organism and the external environment. This process is the basis of life, which allows a cell to grow and reproduce, maintain its structure and respond to its environment.

Early-Phase Detection of Heat Shock Proteins (Hsp27 and Hsp40) in Extruded Earthworm Tissue after Dermal Exposure to Herbicides

2011 ◽  
Vol 343-344 ◽  
pp. 1140-1151
Author(s):  
Chang E Liu ◽  
Chang Qun Duan ◽  
Fei Liu ◽  
Xing Peng
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
General Trend ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phase Detection ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
Good Exposure

Samples on a regular basis, and the use of SDSPAGE and Western Blotting methods was inspected to express situation in the induction of heat shock protein (both Hsp27 and Hsp40) of the body tissue of earthworms (Eisenia foetide) exposed in the soil by respectively adding Atrazine, Chlorotoluron; Acetochlor, Butachlor. According to the gel imaging system for gray-scale scanner, with the increase of the concentration of herbicides, the relative expression of both Hsps showed the phenomenon of induction in low concentration and suppression in high concentrations within the range of tested concentration. With the extension of the processing time, both Hsps were first induced suppression of the general trend and there was good exposure time – coercing effect relationship. The relative expression of HSP27 and HSP40 exposed by Atrazine, Chlorotoluron, Acetochlor and Butachlor were 2.21, 1.98, 2.06, 2.11 times and 2.32, 1.99, 2.15, 2.24 times of the control group. The sensitive ability of the organization of HSP27 and HSP40 to four herbicides was in the order of Atrazine > Butachlor > Acetochlor > Chlorotoluron. The relative expression of Hsp40 slightly was a little bit larger than Hsp27.

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