Evaluation of castorbean samples by economically - valuable traits

Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS ◽

10.36710/ioc-2018-26-05 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 39-48

Keyword(s):

Ricinoleic Acid ◽

Castor Bean ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Oil Content ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Second Order ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Technological Parameters ◽

Potential Yield ◽

Ricinolic Acid

Castor oil (Ricinus communus L.) is an important commercial product. The climatic conditions of Ukraine determine the possibility of growing the castor as an annual crop. At the Institute of Oilseeds NAAS studied castor collection. The aim of the work was the selection of the most promising samples of castor oil, combining a large yield potential in a narrow range of vertical distribution for optimal technological parameters of mechanical harvesting with a high content of oil in seeds and ricinolic acid in oil. In the experience of 2015-2016, the manifestation of morphological features of 17 castor bean samples was studied. The height of plants, individual samples among themselves differed more than twice. Long-brush samples of ЕР118, К374, М203, К159 are distinguished on the basis of the length of the brush. The shortest brush was observed in sample K1008. The length of the productive brush in the studied samples is from 10.7 to 32.9 cm. Most castor bean samples under favorable conditions form brushes of the second and higher orders. According to this parameter, samples of Ep118 and selection No. 38 with four inflorescences of the second order are of the greatest interest. The largest brushes of the second order are similar in size to the brushes of the first order were observed in the samples: К1127, К810, К153. The adaptability of harvesting castor beads requires that the brushes of the first and second order coincide in height with each other, since the harvester can take a maximum of 60 cm. For the sum of the productive brushes of the first and second orders, the greatest potential yield will be provided by samples K159 and K1127. Among the studied collection stands out the small seed sample K159 and the large seed samples - PRL41 and K80. The average oil content in the seeds of the collection was from 52 to 61.4%. Sample38 had the highest oil content. The content of ricinolic acid in the collection was from 70.9 to 82.9%. Samples were isolated: К134, К1008, PRL41, К430 with the content of ricinoleic acid more than 80%. The results of the study of all parameters make it possible to isolate valuable technological samples. Sample K1064 with a high technological potential of productivity, with a seed oil content of 57.2%, has a not very high content of ricinoleic acid of 74.3%. Sample K1127 with an oil content of 58.6%, a mass of 1000 seeds of 265 g, a high potential of productive brushes has a wide variation in the arrangement of brushes. Sample K134 with a oil content of 57.1%, ricinoleic acid content of 80.7% has small second-order brushes and can be used as a single-cysts in a thicker seeding.

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Genetic Improvement of Jatropha for Biodiesel Production

Ceiba ◽

10.5377/ceiba.v51i1.640 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Bruno Galvêas Laviola ◽

Rodrigo Barros Rocha ◽

Adilson Kenji Kobayashi ◽

Tatiana Barbosa Rosado ◽

Leonardo Lopes Bhering

Keyword(s):

Combining Ability ◽

Crop Production ◽

Oil Content ◽

Phorbol Esters ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Oilseed Crop

Jatropha curcas L. is a perennial oilseed crop belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family, whose oil content in seeds varies from 33 to 38%, giving a yield potential of over 1200 kg of oil per hectare. However, it is a non-domesticated species and research is required for commercial exploration of this species for biodiesel production. The strategies of Embrapa’s jatropha breeding program aim at developing cultivars with high yield and oil content, non-toxic (absence of phorbol esters), resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses and adapted to the main producing regions of Brazil. The program activities started with the enrichment and characterization of the germplasm bank, currently with over 200 accessions from different regions of Brazil. Depending on the specific objectives of the program, different selection and breeding methods are employed. In order to understand the genetic control of specific traits and to generate segregating populations, experimental designs such as diallel crosses, which allow the estimation of heterosis, general combining ability and specific combining ability among genotypes, have been adopted. In addition, molecular markers such as SSR and SNPs are being developed and may help in early selection for characters such as the absence of toxicity in the grains. The program also includes the study on genotype × environment interaction with the evaluation of the progenies/improved clones in different regions of Brazil, which is essential for recommending cultivars for specific or broad climatic conditions. In conclusion, considering that J. curcas is a perennial species and still not domesticated, approximately 5-7 years will be required to obtain improved cultivars and evidence-based information on crop production systems to support commercial cultivation.

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Формування урожайності рицини в умовах перехідної південної частини Полтавської області

Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії ◽

10.31210/visnyk2013.03.14 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 81-83

Author(s):

Н. С. Шокало

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Oil Content ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Plant Seeds ◽

Oil Plant ◽

Castor Plant

Цінність насіння рицини звичайної викликає наразі необхідність розширення ареалу вирощування даної культури у зв’язку з істотним потеплінням клімату в Україні. Проаналізовано п’ятирічні по-казники кліматичних умов веґетаційного періоду рицини в перехідній південній частині Полтавської області. Встановлено, що підвищена температура і достатня кількість опадів під час веґетації ри-цини за норми висіву 40 тисяч насінин на гектар сприяли формуванню продуктивності насіння бли-зько 31,5 ц/га із вмістом олії – понад 52 %, що підтверджує доцільність і можливість вирощу-вання її в умовах Полтавщини. Castor-oil plant seeds value stimulates expanding this plant growing area due to significant climate warming in Ukraine. Five-year indices of climatic conditions of castor-oil plant vegetation period in the transitional south part of Poltava region are analyzed. It is established that high temperature and adequate moisturizing during castor plant vegetation under seeding rate of 40000 items per hectare facilitated forming crop productivity of nearly 31,5 centners per hectare with oil content of more than 52 %. Obtained data confirm advisability and possibility of growing castor-oil plant in Poltava region.

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Impact of annual legume 'break' crops on the yield and quality of canola in comparison with the impact on yield of wheat

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea05203 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 46 (11) ◽

pp. 1489 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. Evans ◽

G. M. Murray ◽

G. Scott ◽

B. Orchard ◽

J. Brennan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Green Manure ◽

Oil Content ◽

Field Pea ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Yield Response ◽

Wagga Wagga ◽

Potential Yield ◽

Total Oil ◽

The Impact ◽

Aerial Seeding

This study investigated the yield, oil and protein content of canola in response to alternative single-season legume crops, and compared the yield response with that of wheat. Two field trials were conducted in consecutive years at Wagga Wagga on the South West Slopes of New South Wales. The soil type was Red Kandasol. The legume treatments were field pea and vetch managed for silage production, vetch managed for green manure, a mixture of aerial seeding clovers (Berseem, Arrowleaf, Persian: 6 : 3 : 3) managed for silage, hay or green manure, and field pea and narrow-leaf lupin managed for grain. There was one wheat treatment managed for grain. In terms of growing season rainfall, the rainfall-use efficiency of canola was low and similar to that achieved on farms (5.1 kg/ha.mm rainfall). Yields of canola were less than potential water-limited yields and the canola equivalent wheat yields were less than comparative wheat yields. The constraint(s) on canola yield meant that nitrogen-limited yield potential was not reached, and in contrast to wheat in adjacent plots, there was no relationship between canola seed yield and soil mineral nitrogen available during seedling establishment of canola. However, relative to other legume treatments, antecedent crops of the clover mix depressed yield and total oil content, particularly in one year. It was concluded that under field conditions that constrained canola productivity to that similar to on-farm productivity, wheat may make more efficient use of legume nitrogen than canola. Were canola to be used as the response crop, antecedent legumes of vetch or pea, rather than aerial seeding clover, would give higher potential yield and total oil content of the canola.

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Transcriptome analysis of developing castor bean seeds and identification of ricinoleic acid biosynthesis genes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-38573/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ziting Wu ◽

Qin Yang ◽

Fei Xu ◽

Yi Ouyang ◽

Xinxin Geng

Keyword(s):

Ricinoleic Acid ◽

Seed Development ◽

Castor Bean ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Transcriptional Analysis ◽

Regulation Mechanism ◽

Acid Biosynthesis ◽

Oil Accumulation ◽

Acid Accumulation ◽

Key Genes

Abstract Background Ricinoleic acid is a kind of unsaturated fatty acid in castor oil with wide application value. It is sourced from R. communis seed oil, where it is present in large amounts. However, there is little transcriptomic information on genes related to ricinoleic acid biosynthesis in castor bean.Results In order to better understand the regulation mechanism of ricinoleic acid biosynthesis, immature seeds at three developmental stages (15, 30, and 45 days after pollination) were collected. The results indicated that the accumulation of castor oil and ricinoleic acid increased gradually during seed development, and reached the maximum value at the late stages of seed development (45 days after pollination). Furthermore, RNA sequencing was conducted to analyze the transcriptome of the developing seeds at three developing stages. Totals of 9,875 differentially expressed genes were identified among the three time points. Based on the annotation information, 49 DEGs related to lipid biosynthesis were screened among all DEGs. Through cluster analysis of the 49 DEGs, ten genes with increasing FPKM values from seed development stages S1 to S3 were selected as candidate key enzymes, since they showed similar patterns of increase with castor oil accumulation and ricinoleic acid biosynthesis during seed development. The transcriptomic data of the 10 candidate key enzyme genes was further validated by qRT-PCR. Ultimately, a putative model of key genes correlated with ricinoleic acid accumulation was built.Conclusion Our study identified a series of key genes and revealed the proposed molecular mechanism of ricinoleic acid accumulation in castor seeds through the transcriptional analysis. It broadens our knowledge of ricinoleic acid biosynthesis and castor oil accumulation and also provides a theoretical foundation for the genetic engineering key genes that can improve the ricinoleic acid production in castor bean as well as other plants.

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Evaluation of Growth and Yield Attributes of Some Wheat Varieties under Local Conditions of Southern Punjab, Pakistan

Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ◽

10.33687/pbg.007.01.2865 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 19-25

Author(s):

Shuaib K. Bhutta ◽

Kashif N. Bhutta ◽

Muhammad N. Aslam ◽

Irfan R. Nasir ◽

Muhammad A. Ali

Keyword(s):

Crop Improvement ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Population Pressure ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Future Climate Change ◽

Potential Yield ◽

Local Conditions ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Wheat Genotypes

Understanding how changing environment and cultivars influence crop phenology and potential yield is essential for crop adaptation to future climate change. Plant Genetic Diversity (PGD) provides the basis for survival in plants in nature and for crop improvement. Under changing climate scenario and increase in population pressure, wheat genotypes with attributes such as; short duration, lesser water loving, and abundant yield potential are of considerable importance. The present study was designed to evaluate best wheat genotypes which may better perform under the changing climatic conditions of southern Punjab, Pakistan. A field trial to study the comparative performance of newly evolved four genotypes; Millat-2011, Faisalabad-2008, Punjab-2011 and AARI-2011 was conducted at two different agro-climatic conditions of Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, during crop season, 2013-2014. The design used was randomized complete block with three replicates. Plot size was maintained as (4x 6m) and (2.5x 6m) respectively, for site-1 2. Seed rate of 125 kg ha-1 was used. The recommended dose of NPK (128-114-62 Kg/ha), irrigation, weed control methodology and all other agronomic practice were kept the same for all the treatments in both sites. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out by studying different yield components (Germination count m-2, Number of Fertile tillers m-2, No. of spikelets spike-1, Plant height at maturity, Spike Length, No. of grains spike-1, 1000 grain weight and Grains yield) and their means were separated by using the least significance difference test. As per results achieved from the experiment, performance (growth and yield attributes) of genotype Millat-2011 was best as compared to all other genotypes tested under local condition. Millat-2011 recorded a significant increase in all growth and yield variables, including germination, grains number, test weight and yield of wheat under local conditions as compared to rest three genotypes.

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Genetic Yield Gains and Changes in Morphophysiological-Related Traits of Winter Wheat in Southern Chilean High-Yielding Environments

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.732988 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Alejandro del Pozo ◽

Claudio Jobet ◽

Iván Matus ◽

Ana María Méndez-Espinoza ◽

Miguel Garriga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Vegetation Indices ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Genetic Progress ◽

Potential Yield ◽

Stay Green

Both the temperate-humid zone and the southern part of the Mediterranean climate region of Chile are characterized by high wheat productivity. Study objectives were to analyze the yield potential, yield progress, and genetic progress of the winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and changes in agronomic and morphophysiological traits during the past 60 years. Thus, two field experiments: (a) yield potential and (b) yield genetic progress trials were conducted in high-yielding environments of central-southern Chile during the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons. In addition, yield progress was analyzed using yield historical data of a high-yielding environment from 1957 to 2017. Potential yield trials showed that, at the most favorable sites, grain yield reached ∼20.46 Mg ha–1. The prolonged growing and grain filling period, mild temperatures in December-January, ample water availability, and favorable soil conditions explain this high-potential yield. Yield progress analysis indicated that average grain yield increased from 2.70 Mg ha–1 in 1959 to 12.90 Mg ha–1 in 2017, with a 128.8 kg ha–1 per-year increase due to favorable soil and climatic conditions. For genetic progress trials, genetic gain in grain yield from 1965 to 2019 was 70.20 kg ha–1 (0.49%) per year, representing around 55% of the yield progress. Results revealed that the genetic gains in grain yield were related to increases in biomass partitioning toward reproductive organs, without significant increases in Shoot DW production. In addition, reducing trends in the NDVI, the fraction of intercepted PAR, the intercepted PAR (form emergence to heading), and the RGB-derived vegetation indices with the year of cultivar release were detected. These decreases could be due to the erectophile leaf habit, which enhanced photosynthetic activity, and thus grain yield increased. Also, senescence of bottom canopy leaves (starting from booting) could be involved by decreasing the ability of spectral and RGB-derived vegetation indices to capture the characteristics of green biomass after the booting stage. Contrary, a positive correlation was detected for intercepted PAR from heading to maturity, which could be due to a stay-green mechanism, supported by the trend of positive correlations of Chlorophyll content with the year of cultivar release.

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Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition in Castor Bean Naturalized Accessions under Mediterranean Conditions in Chile

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10081145 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1145 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Celián Román-Figueroa ◽

Mara Cea ◽

Manuel Paneque ◽

María Eugenia González

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Ricinoleic Acid ◽

Castor Bean ◽

Oil Content ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Field Studies ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Fatty Acid Profiles ◽

Mediterranean Conditions

Castor bean is found in Chile between the Arica and Parinacota and Maule regions and is one the most important industrial crops worldwide because of the presence of ricinoleic acid in its oil. However, there is little information about it in our country. In this study, we analyzed the oil content and fatty acid profiles of 17 castor bean Chilean accessions from the Metropolitana and Valparaíso regions. The seed-oil was extracted using the Soxhlet extraction process, and the fatty acid profiles were determined using the GC-FID method. The oil content in castor bean Chilean accessions ranged between 45.7% and 54.0%. Among the 17 accessions analyzed, H-15 had the highest oil content (54.0%; p < 0.05), whereas the H-10 and H-08 accessions had the lowest oil content, (45.7% and 45.9%, respectively; p < 0.05). Ricinoleic acid was the most abundant fatty acid (between 87.64% and 89.83%) in the seed-oil. The highest level of ricinoleic acid was found in the H-08 accession. This was only statistically higher (p < 0.05) for three accessions, whereas the H-04 accession had the lowest ricinoleic acid content. Although the H-08 accession registered one of the least abundant oil contents, it had the highest amount of ricinoleic acid. No significant correlation was found between oil content and ricinoleic acid. Our study suggests that oil content does not influence the castor oil fatty profile. The high oil content and ricinoleic acid level registered in castor bean Chilean accessions justify their production in Chile and their utilization for developing bio-based products. Furthermore, Chilean castor bean could grow in semi-arid lands. However, further field studies are needed to identify the cultivars best suited for Mediterranean conditions.

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