Toric Ideals of Phylogenetic Invariants for the General Group-Based Model on Claw Trees K 1,n

In this paper we investigate properties of algebraic varieties representing group-basedphylogenetic models. We propose a method of generating many phylogenetic invariants. We provethat we obtain all invariants for any tree for the two-state Jukes-Cantor model. We conjecturethat for a large class of models our method can give all phylogenetic invariants for any tree. Weshow that for 3-Kimura our conjecture is equivalent to the conjecture of Sturmfels and Sullivant[22, Conjecture 2]. This, combined with the results in [22], would make it possible to determineall phylogenetic invariants for any tree for 3-Kimura model, and also other phylogenetic models.Next we give the (rst) examples of non-normal varieties associated to general group-based modelfor an abelian group. Following Kubjas [17] we prove that for many group-based models varietiesassociated to trees with the same number of leaves do not have to be deformation equivalent.

Download Full-text

Efficacy evaluation of the CEUS-LI-RADS-v2017 system in differential diagnosis of liver tumors

Medical Visualization ◽

10.24835/1607-0763-2019-4-57-67 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 57-67

Author(s):

A. N. Katrich ◽

V. A. Porkhanov ◽

N. S. Ryabin

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Liver Tumors ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Diagnostic Efficiency ◽

Efficacy Evaluation ◽

General Group ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Objective: efficacy evaluation of the CEUS LI RADS v2017® system for differential diagnosis of liver tumors in patients with and without cirrhosis.Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of diagnostic results of the 165 patients with liver tumors (177 nodules) was done. All patients underwent CEUS with results interpretation in accordance to the CEUS LIRADSv2017 ® criteria. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on clinical and morphological data. Group 1 included 62 patients with cirrhosis and/or CVH. Group 2 included 110 patients without risk factors for HCC.Results. Diagnostic efficiency of CEUS LI RADS v2017® for HCC identification was: group 1 – Se – 100%, Sp – 88%, Ac – 95.5%; group 2 – Se – 100%, Sp – 68.8%, Ac – 72.7%; general group Se – 100%, Sp – 72.2%, Ac – 81.4%. In the 2nd group, 21 out of 22 neoplasms, confirmed morphologically as FNH, we classified as LR 4. By applying benign character and specific contrasting patterns of FNG, they were transferred from LR 4 to LR 3. This allowed to increase sensitivity and specificity of differential diagnosis in group 2 (Se – 100%, Sp – 90.6%, Ac – 91.8%) and in general group (Se – 100%, Sp – 90.1%, Ac – 93.2%). Diagnostic efficiency of the criteria for non hepatocellular malignant neoplasms (LR M) was: group 1 – Se – 77.8%, Sp – 100%, Ac – 97%; group 2 – Se – 90%, Sp – 96.7%, Ac – 93.6%; general group- Se – 88.1%, Sp – 98.3%, Ac – 94.9%.Conclusion. Our study confirmed high accuracy of the CEUS LI RADS v2017® system in the differential diagnosis of focal liver tumors. Modification of the system (in particular, transfer of typical FNG forms from the LR 4 category) will make it possible to increase the accuracy of diagnostics by 20%. It will allow to use the LI RADS v2017® system for interpretation CEUS not only among patients with liver cirrhosis, but also in a general group without risk factors of GCC.

Download Full-text

Extrascleral Filling Using Endoillumination the First Experiencethe

Russian ophthalmology of children ◽

10.25276/2307-6658-2020-3-43-49 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 43-49

Author(s):

V.Y. Markevich ◽

◽

T.A. Imshenetskaya ◽

O.A. Yarmak ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surgical Treatment ◽

Retinal Detachment ◽

Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment ◽

Silicone Oil ◽

Subretinal Fluid ◽

Crystalline Lens ◽

Vitreous Cavity ◽

Macular Area ◽

General Group ◽

Anatomical Outcome

Purpose. To study the effectiveness of extrascleral filling (ESF) using endoillumination in the surgical treatment of patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Material and methods. The material for the study was the data of a comprehensive clinical examination and surgical treatment by ESF method using endoillumination in 17 patients (17 eyes) with RRD. In 7 cases (41%), the macular area was involved in the detachment process. In 5 cases (29.4%), local scleral filling was performed. In the remaining 12 cases (70.6%), the local ESF was supplemented with a circling silicone element. Surgical intervention was supplemented by transscleral drainage of subretinal fluid (SRF) in 10 cases (59%) and pneumatic retinopexy with SF6 gas 50% in 8 cases (48%). Results. In the general group of patients, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) increased from 0.35 to 0.46. In the subgroup of patients with a detached macular area, the positive dynamics is more pronounced, BCVA increased from 0.1 to 0.28. The progression of proliferative vitreoretinopathy caused the recurrence of retinal detachment in two patients (11.8%). Recurrences were diagnosed after 3 and 5 months, respectively. In both cases, a vitrectomy with tamponade of the vitreous cavity with silicone oil 5000 Cst was performed. The percentage of successful anatomical outcome after the first operation in our study was 82%. The percentage of successful achievement of the final anatomical result was 94%. In two cases, additional injection of SF6 gas into the vitreous cavity was required. Conclusion. This type of surgical treatment is an effective method of surgical treatment of patients with RRD. In our study, the successful anatomical outcome after the first operation was recorded in 82% of patients, which correlates with the data of the authors who also used this method (83–92%). Surgeons who performed surgical treatment using this technique in our study note improved workplace ergonomics when visualizing the fundus using an operating microscope and endoillumination compared with indirect ophthalmoscopy. Other teams of authors came to this conclusion as well. In our study, there were no complications associated with the introduction of a light pipe into the vitreous cavity (iatrogenic crystalline lens injury, endophthalmitis), which indicates the safety of this type of surgical treatment.

Download Full-text

Relevant phylogenetic invariants of evolutionary models

Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées ◽

10.1016/j.matpur.2010.11.002 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 96 (3) ◽

pp. 207-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Marta Casanellas ◽

Jesús Fernández-Sánchez

Keyword(s):

Evolutionary Models ◽

Phylogenetic Invariants

Download Full-text

The Comparison of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Mental Health between Early Menopausal Women and Age-Matched General Middle-Aged Women

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18147256 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (14) ◽

pp. 7256

Author(s):

Ji-Su Kim ◽

Ju-Pil Choe ◽

Jeong-Hui Park ◽

Eunhye Yoo ◽

Jung-Min Lee

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Middle Aged ◽

General Group ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

Global Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽

Causes Of Mortality

The current study is to examine the differences in physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and mental health (i.e., stress, depression, and suicidal behaviors) between early menopausal women and age-matched general middle-aged women. Among 1348 participants in South Korea, 674 participants who experienced menopause before the age of 45 were defined as the early menopausal group, and 674 women who experienced menopause from 45 years to 55 years were classified as the general group by matching age based on early menopausal women. PA, SB, and mental health were evaluated by using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). An independent t-test was used to compare the associations of PA, SB, and mental health between the two groups. To demonstrate the predictors of early menopause, variables in the study were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression. The main findings were that moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and light PA (LPA) had significant differences between the two groups, but SB had no significant differences. In mental health, only perceived stress had significant differences in this study. The moderate level of stress in the early menopausal group was twice as high as that of the general group, and the severe level of stress was even 2.6 times higher than the general group. PA plays an essential role in mitigating the causes of mortality and the risk of various chronic diseases and improving quality of life; thus, the main findings of this study could be important to provide insights on the corresponding impact between early menopausal women and PA to encourage their healthy lifestyle. Further longitudinal studies are needed to examine the mechanisms underlying the effects of PA, SB, and mental health on early menopausal women.

Download Full-text

Association between Health-Related Physical Fitness and Respiratory Diseases in Adolescents: An Age- and Gender-Matched Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18126655 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 6655

Author(s):

Jeong-Hui Park ◽

Myong-Won Seo ◽

Hyun Chul Jung ◽

Jong-Kook Song ◽

Jung-Min Lee

Keyword(s):

Physical Fitness ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Muscular Strength ◽

Positive Association ◽

General Group ◽

Cardiovascular Endurance ◽

Health Practitioners ◽

Health Related ◽

And Gender ◽

Matched Study

The current study examined the differences in health-related physical fitness (HRPF), physical activity (PA), and sedentary behavior (SB) between adolescents with and without ongoing respiratory diseases (RD). This study’s participants were from 12 to 15 years old (7th–10th grade) in South Korea. Adolescents with RD were selected through RD-related questions (i.e., asthma, rhinitis, sinusitis, and bronchitis) (n = 139); in contrast, adolescents without RD, randomly selected from the general group, responded to any health problem-related questions as “No” (n = 139). HRPF was measured based on the FITNESSGRAM and EURO FIT test batteries and the measurements of HRPF included cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition. All statistical analyses were conducted by SPSS 25.0, and the independent t-test was used to compare the HRPF and PA between the two groups. Moreover, the measured HRPF was compared with a series of analyses of three-way ANOVAs (age × gender × group). Adolescents with RD had a positive association with less participation in PA (p < 0.05; RD: 3081.81 ± 4793.37; general: 2073.64 ± 3123.47) and with more time spent on SB (above 12 h per week: RD group (38.85%) and general group (33.09%)). Furthermore, adolescents in the RD group showed significant effects on all components of HRPF (p < 0.05). Our study confirmed that HRPF is an essential predictor of adolescents’ health outcomes, especially for those with RD. We suggest that increased HRPF can be an effective treatment for respiratory diseases in adolescents, and health practitioners should pay more attention to helping adolescents with RD to gain or maintain high HRPF.

Download Full-text

Domestic violence against women: representations of health professionals

Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0104-1169.0166.2608 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 718-724 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vera Lúcia de Oliveira Gomes ◽

Camila Daiane Silva ◽

Denize Cristina de Oliveira ◽

Daniele Ferreira Acosta ◽

Cristiane Lopes Amarijo

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Violence Against Women ◽

Health Professionals ◽

Professional Training ◽

Social Representations ◽

Family Health ◽

General Group ◽

Domestic Violence Against Women ◽

Structured Representation ◽

Negative Connotation

AbstractObjective: to analyze the representations about domestic violence against women, among health professionals of Family Health Units.Method: qualitative study based on the Theory of Social Representations. Data were collected by means of evocations and interviews, treating them in the Ensemble de Programmes Pemettant L'Analyse des Evocations software - EVOC and content analysis.Results: nurses, physicians, nursing technicians and community health agents participated. The evocations were answered by 201 professionals and, of these, 64 were interviewed. The central core of this representation, comprised by the terms "aggression", "physical-aggression", "cowardice" and "lack of respect", which have negative connotations and were cited by interviewees. In the contrast zone, comprised by the terms "abuse", "abuse-power", "pain", "humiliation", "impunity", "suffering", "sadness" and "violence", two subgroups were identified. The first periphery contains the terms "fear", evoked most often, followed by "revolt", "low self-esteem" and "submission", and in the second periphery "acceptance" and "professional support".Conclusion: this is a structured representation since it contains conceptual, imagetic and attitudinal elements. The subgroups were comprised by professionals working in the rural area and by those who had completed their professional training course in or after 2004. These presented a representation of violence different from the representation of the general group, although all demonstrated a negative connotation of this phenomenon.

Download Full-text

Academic Rigor and Dedication to Competitive Sport in Young People 12-18 Years: Major Social Issues

Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research ◽

10.2478/v10141-010-0027-8 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 100-109

Author(s):

Josep Santesmases

Keyword(s):

Academic Performance ◽

Young People ◽

Social Issues ◽

Educational Institution ◽

Competitive Sport ◽

Full Time ◽

Academic Rigor ◽

General Group ◽

Training Requirement ◽

Weekly Training

Academic Rigor and Dedication to Competitive Sport in Young People 12-18 Years: Major Social IssuesQuantitative study with the aim of linking the academic performance of students who are high-level athletes in Catalonia (Spain) and who do not have any institutional support (high-performance centre, reduction of subjects, etc.) or belong to any educational institution with adapted curriculum (90-95% of households), compared to sedentary students who play sports only occasionally.The study divided students into two groups by age: 12, 14, 16 and 18 years old (secondary school). The general group (GG) was made up of students who did sports at school, did not participate in major competitions, and the weekly training requirement did not exceed 3 hours (N = 262). The group of athletes (AG) is made up of students who at least competed for the Championship of Catalonia (swimming and basketball) and the weekly training requirement exceeded 4.30 in younger students (N = 212). The questionnaires were constructed in order to gather academic information, highlighting the grades of the subjects for the second evaluation of the 2008-09 academic year and full-time sports data for training (day session, hours, competition) and schooling (public or private).We found a significant correlation (0.99) in comparing the evolution of differences between the grades of the groups. Supporting an extraordinary demand for training, and increasing with age, student athletes have better academic performance throughout secondary education. However, this trend is broken in high school, coinciding with the highest dedication to training.Two other important considerations are highlighted in the study: first, the GG presented inactivity levels which increase linearly with age and this is more prominent in females, and secondly, the enrolment of the school is basically AD private state-assisted and not public system, which can make us think about whether the family ideology also influences the sports options for children.

Download Full-text