Giftedness in Brazil: To what extent does terminology really matter?

For more than 90 years, terminology related to giftedness in Brazil has evolved, proliferating terms used to describe gifted individuals. Terms such as superdotado (the common translation of gifted into Portuguese) may lead lay people to think of gifted students as only those with extremely high ability or extraordinary capabilities and is often used in a way that carries a negative connotation. On the other hand, terms such as high ability student, which is associated with academics, and talented, which suggests artistic endeavors, may not capture the full range of possible areas in which a student can be gifted. We argue that because terminology is important and can influence policy and practice, it is crucial to have clear definitions, but it is even more important to go beyond terms to clarify the phenomenon of giftedness, disseminate relevant research, and inform parents of gifted students and professionals working with these students.

THE CONCEPT OF “TOLERANCE” IN LEXICO-SEMANTIC, COGNITIVE-DISCURSIVE, SEMIOTIC AND LINGUOCULTURAL ASPECTS

The article is devoted to the study of lexico-semantic, cognitive-discursive, semiotic and linguocultural aspects of the concept “TOLERANCE”. The aim of the study is to analyze the features of the concept in the above-mentioned aspects in modern political discourse. Analyzing the concept of “TOLERANCE” in lexical and semantic aspects of dictionary definitions, we can determine that there are mainly four ways to understand it: 1) indifference to the existence of different views; 2) the impossibility of mutual understanding; 3) indulgence to the weakness of others in combination with a certain dose of contempt for them; 4) expanding one's own experience and critical dialogue. In our opinion, the first three methods have negative connotations. The concept “TOLERANCE” reveals the cognitive side of language, which expresses the diverse characteristics of human beings, their qualities, cognitive abilities, humanism in terms of ethnocultural relations. However, the position of the ambiguity and emotional coloring of this phenomenon is unique, often depending on the perception in a particular cultural conceptosphere. The typology of tolerance is based on the main criterion - moral potential, the presence or absence of a moral basis in a particular direction of tolerance. The vector of tolerance allows to attribute the components of the concept of “TOLERANCE” from a semiotic point of view to palliative or constructive. Based on the study, we can conclude that the three components of the concept “TOLERANCE” have a negative connotation and a palliative vector that closes the way to dialogue (tolerance as indifference, tolerance as impossibility of understanding, tolerance as indulgence), and only one component can be characterized as a such that has a constructive orientation, moral potential - tolerance as an extension of one's own experience and critical dialogue. The linguistic and cultural aspect of the concept “TOLERANCE“ is that in different languages ​​this concept is different and has its own specifics of verbalization. In modern English and Ukrainian, the concept of “TOLERANCE” retains an ambivalent meaning: it can be replaced by the word “acceptable” (to someone else's way of life, behavior, customs, feelings, thoughts, ideas, beliefs). Tolerance is the willingness to accept and acknowledge the behavior, beliefs, and attitudes of others that are different from one's own, even if the beliefs are not shared but are accepted as having a right to exist.

Feminativi v frazemih slovenskega jezika

Feminine Forms Derived from Masculine Nouns in Slovenian IdiomsThis article deals with feminine forms derived from masculine nouns in Slovenian idioms, collected in different dictionaries of Slovenian idioms. Examining the Gigafida 2.0 corpus indicates that the use of such idioms or parts thereof in everyday language is fairly widespread, and the examples are chosen to indicate the possible variety of these elements. We also noticed that a woman as a social being is still neglected. Some examples from Gigafida 2.0 corpus express an explicit negative connotation. Derywaty żeńskie od rzeczowników rodzaju męskiego w słoweńskich idiomachW artykule poddano analizie formy żeńskie derywowane od rzeczowników rodzaju męskiego występujących w słoweńskich idiomach, potwierdzonych w opracowaniach leksykograficznych języka słoweńskiego. Analiza materiału pozyskanego z korpusu Gigafida 2.0 pokazuje, że użycie idiomów tego typu lub ich fragmentów jest w języku potocznym stosunkowo częste. Materiał przykładowy ma również na celu wskazanie różnorodności ich występowania. Badania ujawniają wciąż jeszcze niższą pozycję społeczną kobiet, a niektóre przykłady z formami żeńskimi z korpusu Gigafida 2.0 wykazują wyraźnie negatywne konotacje.

Adaptation and validation of a German version of the Dickman impulsivity inventory for the assessment of functional and dysfunctional impulsivity

Impulsive behavior tends to have a negative connotation in the sense that it is usually associated with detrimental or dysfunctional outcomes. However, under certain circumstances, impulsive behaviors may also have beneficial or functional outcomes. Dickman’s Impulsivity Inventory (DII) measures these two distinct aspects of impulsivity, namely, dysfunctional impulsivity (the tendency to act with less forethought than do most people which leads to difficulties) and functional impulsivity (the tendency to act with little forethought when the situation is optimal). In the present study, we translated the DII into German and validated the German version in a sample of 543 adults. The original 23-item model was considered unsuitable for the German version as suggested by fit indices of a confirmatory factor analysis. Exploratory factor analyses rather supported a 16-item version. Further psychometric analyses and inferential statistical analyses on the final German DII indicated its appropriateness for use in German-speaking populations and support a two-factor solution of the DII. Finally, exploratory analyses on the German DII suggest differential relationships between dysfunctional and functional impulsivity and self-reported lifestyle-related variables (smoking, alcohol usage, and sports behavior).

Characteristic Psychological and Physiological Aspects of Personality in Idiomatic Expressions of Modern French and English

Idioms remain a peculiar composition of specific lexical units, which differ from the words. The use of a word in an idiomatic unit is only its specific case. The particular colouring of the given units creates special (different from the word) possibilities for its appliance for emotional-expressive purpose.Idiomatic expressions are firm combinations that adorn speech. These inseparable structures, which have lexical meaning, define phenomena, features, states, and signs. They are called alternations that are freely divided into constituent parts. Moreover, these elements are independent and have some meaningful significance. Idiomatic expressions are considered to be such linguistic units that are represented as groups of words and are not often predetermined by structure and by meaning in particular.Research materials have been selected and taken from the French and English explanatory (monolingual) and phraseological dictionaries.The specificity of phraseological semantics is determined by the fact that phraseological units reflect not the fragment of reality named by the word-components, but give us information about the world obtained as a result of the secondary nomination. The highest function of phraseological units and idiomatic vocabulary is expressiveness. Phraseologisms mainly serve the emotional sphere of language.The origins of idiomatic units in both French and English, as well as in other languages, are varied. Their images have been derived from various spheres of material, cultural and socio-economic life of Nations. They (the units) reflect the history, existence and culture, their spirituality and the way of thinking. Phraseologisms are considered to be one of the most striking manifestations of the national-cultural specificity of a language.Idioms with a positive evaluation (i.e. phraseologisms that refer to a person and his/her positive characteristics) are used in ordinary expressions to describe what another person is. Idioms implying a personality are mostly historically conditioned.To sum up, from the above idiomatic expressions, we can conclude that most of these units carry a negative connotation of the physiological and psychological aspects of a person.

Views of university students in Jordan towards Biobanking

Background Biobanks are considered primary means+ of supporting contemporary research, in order to deliver personalized and precise diagnostics with public acceptance and participation as a cornerstone for their success. Aims This study aims to assess knowledge, perception, and attitudes towards biomedical research and biobanking among students at the University of Jordan. Methodology An online questionnaire was designed, developed, and piloted. It was divided into 5 sections that included questions related to issues of biomedical research and biobanking as well as factors influencing the decision to participate. Results Responses from 435 students revealed that 52.9% previously heard of biobanks. There was an overwhelming acceptance for participation in biomedical, genetic, and biobanking research. A blood sample was the most preferred for donation. Protection of privacy, informed consent prior to donation, approval of an ethics committee, and trust towards researchers were the most important factors associated with willingness to participate. On the other hand, the vagueness of the type of research performed on the biospecimens and the unavailability of general research results to the donor had a negative connotation. There was no clear agreement on the type of informed consent preferred by students, but to be contacted and informed of research results was preferred by the majority. Students also preferred the disposal of biospecimens and information when deciding to withdraw from participation. Conclusion There is strong enthusiasm among students to participate in biomedical research and biobanking with all rights reserved thus providing hope for a very promising future in Jordan.

Kemalism and Populism

This article examines the trajectory of populism/halkçilik, one of the least studied principles of Kemalism, from its origins in the ideas of Enlightenment to its practices in modern Turkey. Unlike its commonly perceived negative connotation that is often associated with irrational political objectives, populism is a manifestation of equality premise of Enlightenment. Populism gained popularity among the nineteenth-century American and Russian farmers as well as fin de siècle French intellectuals and politicians. Neither the Russian Narodnik movement nor the American Populist Party were as influential as the French solidarists who were backed by Vatican to carve a middle path between unrefined Capitalism and revolutionary Marxism. Inspired by its earlier counterparts in France and Russia, Kemalist principle of Populism aimed to end inherited socio-economic inequalities that had existed in the former Ottoman Empire. While modern Turkey curbed some inequalities, it has stumbled upon the same core obstacle, unequal distribution of resources. The never-ending human fight for equality will carry on whether it carries the banner of Kemalism or any other ideology.

Peran Gagasan dalam Cerpen “Anjing” Karya Kuntowijoyo: Analisis Todorov

This paper aims to investigate the ideas contained in the short story entitled “Anjing” by Kuntowijoyo. There are two views of society towards dogs. On the one hand, this animal is considered an animal that is loyal to his master, on the other hand dog are often considered a disturbing animal and has a negative connotation. This short story describe how dog can affect the lives of neighbors. The method used is an analytic descriptive method. The theory used is narratologi from Todorov. The result obtained is through living as neighbors, we learn to respect the right of other people

PREDICATES OF COERCION AS A MEANS OF CATEGORICAL EXPRESSION OF WILL IN THE SEMANTIC-SYNTACTIC STRUCTURE OF THE ENGLISH SENTENCE

The article highlights the semantics of coercion predicates as one of the main means of expressing debitive modality (along with the modality of expediency, obligation, necessity, compulsion and inevitability). Predicates of coercion, in our opinion, contain in their structure the modal component of ‘will’, as one of the main modal meanings. Coercion is analyzed as a predetermined need to act contrary to smb’s own will or desire. The main means of expressing coercion semantics is the predicate to force. All coercion predicates denote the forced action of different intensity, that is, there is a semantic differentiation of coercion predicates. They are characterized by a negative connotation, since the action is undesirable, forced for the subject, contrary to their interests, will. The negative component is a constituent part of the semantics of coercion predicates. The predicates of coercion are closely related to predicates of compulsion. Thus, the predicates of coercion to constrain, to compel and to oblige can denote both the situations of coercion and compulsion. In addition, in sentences with causative verbs of coercion like to force, the positional structure differs from the one where the predicate is the modal verbs to have to, to be to. This is due to the fact that in constructions with the objective infinitive, more than one situation is explicated.

Machiavellianism and task-orientated leadership: moderating effect of job autonomy

Despite the negative connotation of Machiavellianism, Machs are found in all kinds of organization and at almost all levels. How they function in organizations is worth examining. The present study explored the relationship between Machiavellianism and Task-Oriented Leadership. Job autonomy was also hypothesized as a moderator, impacting the relationship between the two variables. The sample for the study comprised of middle level managers working for different organizations in and around National Capital Region, Delhi, India. Machiavellian Personality scale (MPS), Task oriented Leadership style questionnaire, and Work autonomy scale were used to collect data. The data was analyzed with the help of SPSS V-21 and Process Hayes macros. Results revealed a significant positive relationship between Machiavellianism and Task-oriented leadership. Also, the relationship between the two constructs was moderated by high and average level of job autonomy.