F5 Thermal Output of Heating Appliances Operating with Hot Water

2010 ◽  
pp. 685-690
Author(s):  
Werner Kast ◽  
Herbert Klan ◽  
(Revised by André Thess)
Keyword(s):  
Hot Water ◽  
Thermal Output

Thermal Performance of a Combined Heat, Cooling, and Power Microturbine System

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannu E. Ja¨a¨skela¨inen ◽  
James S. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Lithium Bromide ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Cooling Mode ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Thermal Output ◽  
Operating Constraints ◽  
The University ◽  
Heating Mode

A 240 kWe integrated microturbine chiller/heater system was installed on the campus of the University of Toronto at Mississauga in 2005 to provide heating or cooling in combination with electric power generation. The system consists of four 60 kWe microturbines fueled by natural gas and a 110 ton lithium bromide absorption chiller that utilizes waste heat from the microturbines. The chiller can be operated in cooling mode to supply chilled water in summer for cooling or in heating mode to supply hot water (60°C) in winter for heating. Tests were conducted in both heating and cooling mode to evaluate the effectiveness of heat recovery and results are presented for both modes of operation. However, operating constraints imposed by this particular installation prevent full utilization of thermal output in both heating and cooling mode. Recommendations are provided to guide future installations to make full use of the equipment’s potential.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Single-Well Enhanced Geothermal System for Building Heating

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Haijun Liang ◽  
Xiaofeng Guo ◽  
Tao Gao ◽  
Lingbao Wang ◽  
Xianbiao Bu
Keyword(s):  
Volume Flow Rate ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Heat Extraction ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Enhanced Geothermal System ◽  
Artificial Reservoir ◽  
Reservoir Volume ◽  
Thermal Output ◽  
Single Well

Deep borehole heat exchanger (DBHE) technology does not depend on the existence of hot water reservoir and can be used in various regions. However, the heat extraction from DBHE can hardly be improved due to poor thermal conductivity of rocks. Here, a single-well enhanced geothermal system (SWEGS) is proposed, which has a larger heat-exchange area of artificial reservoir created by fracturing hydrothermal technology. We find that, due to heat convection between rocks and fluid, the extracted thermal output for SWEGS is 4772.73 kW, which is 10.64 times of that of DBHE. By changing the injection water temperature, volume flow rate, and artificial reservoir volume, it is easy to adjust the extracted thermal output to meet the requirement of building thermal loads varying with outdoor air temperature. Understanding these will enable us to better apply SWEGS technology and solve the fog and haze problem easily and efficiently.

scholarly journals The Effect of Thermal Matching on the Thermodynamic Performance of Gas Turbine and IC Engine Cogeneration Systems

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Baughn ◽  
N. Bagheri
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Thermal Output ◽  
Savings Rate ◽  
Thermodynamic Performance ◽  
Cogeneration System

Computer models have been used to analyze the thermodynamic performance of a gas turbine (GT) cogeneration system and an internal combustion engine (IC) cogeneration system. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of thermal matching of the load (i.e., required thermal energy) and the output steam fraction (fraction of the thermal output, steam and hot water, which is steam) on the thermodynamic performance of typical cogeneration systems at both full and partial output. The thermodynamic parameters considered were; the net heat rate (NHR), the power to heat ratio (PHR), and the fuel savings rate (FSR). With direct use (the steam fractions being different); the NHR of these two systems is similar at full output, the NHR of the IC systems is lower at partial output, and the PHR and the FSR of the GT systems is lower than the IC systems over the full range of operating conditions. With thermal matching (to produce a given steam fraction) the most favorable NHR, PHR, and FSR depends on the method of matching the load to the thermal output.

scholarly journals Ways to heat hot water via the heat pipes

2018 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 09003
Author(s):  
Peter Hrabovský ◽  
Zuzana Kolková ◽  
Jozef Matušov ◽  
Patrik Nemec
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Heat Pipes ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Thermal Output ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Mechanical Elements ◽  
The Way

The article deals various ways of heating hot water where heat is transferred by the basic phenomena of heat transfer theories, which take place on an innovative basis with the advantage of the absence of mechanical elements. The heat transfer in this case ensures a change in the phase-in phase of the working substance – the fluid – from which the thermal output and the efficiency of the device are derived. The devices described in this article work on the same principle of heat transfer. Each device is characterized by own construction and the principle of heat transfer. Heat pipes are classified according to the way of operation and the place of use. Subdivision of the heat pipe, in terms of its actual, use in the desired temperature range. At present, heating plants use cooling technologies (nuclear power, space stations, IT).

scholarly journals Hybrid CHP/Geothermal Borehole System for Multi-Family Building in Heating Dominated Climates

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7772
Author(s):  
Saeed Alqaed ◽  
Jawed Mustafa ◽  
Kevin P. Hallinan ◽  
Rodwan Elhashmi
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Electrical Load ◽  
Thermal Output ◽  
Ground Coupled Heat Pump ◽  
Large Heating

A conventional ground-coupled heat pump (GCHP) can be used to supplement heat rejection or extraction, creating a hybrid system that is cost-effective for certainly unbalanced climes. This research explores the possibility for a hybrid GCHP to use excess heat from a combined heat power (CHP) unit of natural gas in a heating-dominated environment for smart cities. A design for a multi-family residential building is considered, with a CHP sized to meet the average electrical load of the building. The constant electric output of the CHP is used directly, stored for later use in a battery, or sold back to the grid. Part of the thermal output provides the building with hot water, and the rest is channeled into the GCHP borehole array to support the building’s large heating needs. Consumption and weather data are used to predict hourly loads over a year for a specific multi-family residence. Simulations of the energies exchanged between system components are performed, and a cost model is minimized over CHP size, battery storage capacity, number of boreholes, and depth of the borehole. Results indicate a greater cost advantage for the design in a severely heated (Canada) climate than in a moderately imbalanced (Ohio) climate.

The Effect of Thermal Matching on the Thermodynamic Performance of Gas Turbine and IC Engine Cogeneration Systems

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Baughn ◽  
N. Bagheri
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Thermal Output ◽  
Savings Rate ◽  
Thermodynamic Performance ◽  
Cogeneration System

Computer models have been used to analyze the thermodynamic performance of a gas turbine (GT) cogeneration system and an internal combustion engine (IC) cogeneration system. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of thermal matching of the load (i.e., required thermal energy) and the output steam fraction (fraction of the thermal output, steam and hot water, which is steam) on the thermodynamic performance of typical cogeneration systems at both full and partial output. The thermodynamic parameters considered were: the net heat rate (NHR), the power-to-heat ratio (PHR), and the fuel savings rate (FSR). With direct use (the steam fractions being different), the NHR of these two systems is similar at full output, the NHR of the IC systems is lower at partial output, and the PHR and the FSR of the GT systems are lower than those of the IC systems over the full range of operating conditions. With thermal matching (to produce a given steam fraction) the most favorable NHR, PHR, and FSR depend on the method of matching the load to the thermal output.

Three Experimental Techniques to Duplicate the Net Thermal Output of an Irradiated Collector Array

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Fanney ◽  
W. C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Laboratory System ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Thermal Output

A relevant and repeatable test method is required to provide a means for rating solar domestic hot water systems. The test method should be independent of the geographical location of the laboratory and the prevailing outdoor environment. Three experimental techniques which reproduce the net thermal output of a normally irradiated solar collector without the use of a solar simulator are investigated. These techniques include the use of an in-line electrical heat source only, use of a nonirradiated collector array in series with a heat source, and the use of electrical strip heaters attached to the back of nonirradiated absorber plates. Two single-tank direct solar domestic hot water systems have been fabricated at the National Bureau of Standards to validate each experimental technique. The solar collector array of one system is subjected to outdoor meteorological conditions. The second system, used to validate the experimental techniques, is located entirely indoors. Daily tests of the solar domestic hot water system with the irradiated collector array were subsequently repeated for the laboratory system using the three experimental techniques. Based on results from several nearly clear and intermittently cloudy days, all three simulation techniques reproduce the net thermal output of the normally irradiated collector array within 4 percent. Pump controller operation can be closely reproduced using two of the techniques. Advantages and limitations of each method are discussed.

scholarly journals Development of the boiler for combustion of agricultural biomass by products

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 707-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Turanjanin ◽  
Dejan Djurovic ◽  
Dragoljub Dakic ◽  
Aleksandar Eric ◽  
Branislav Repic
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Thermal Engineering ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Agricultural Biomass ◽  
Thermal Output ◽  
By Products ◽  
Made In

Republic of Serbia consumes about 15 million tons of equivalent oil per year (Mtoe). At the same time potential of the renewable energy sources is about 3,5 Mtoe/year. Main renewable source is biomass, with its potential of about 2,6 Mtoe/year, and 60% of the total biomass source is of agricultural origin. Mainly, that type of biomass is collected, transported and stored in form of bales. At the same time in one of the largest agricultural companies in Serbia (PKB) there are over 2000 ha of soya plantations, and also 4000 t/year of baled soya straw available, none of which being used for energy purposes. Therefore, efforts have been made in the Laboratory for Thermal Engineering and Energy of the "Vinca" Institute to develop a technology for utilizing bales of various sizes and shapes for energy production. Satisfactory test results of the 1 MW experimental facility - low CO levels and stable thermal output - led to the building-up of a 1.5 MW soya straw bales-fired hot water boiler, with cigarette type of combustion, for the purposes of greenhouse and office heating in the PKB. Further more, achieving good results in exploitation of that hot water boiler, the next step is building up the first combined heat and power (electricity) production facility (CHP), which will use agricultural biomass as a fuel, in Serbia.

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