Stem Cell Therapy: Numerical simulation of In Vivo Nutrient Transport and Cells Growth

Stem cell therapy is a promising potential therapeutic strategy to treat cerebral ischemia in preclinical and clinical trials. Currently proposed treatments for stroke employing stem cells include the replacement of lost neurons and integration into the existing host circuitry, the release of growth factors to support and promote endogenous repair processes, and the secretion of extracellular vesicles containing proteins, noncoding RNA, or DNA to regulate gene expression in recipient cells and achieve immunomodulation. Progress has been made to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying stem cell therapy and the homing, migration, distribution, and differentiation of transplanted stem cells in vivo using various imaging modalities. Noninvasive and safe tracer agents with high sensitivity and image resolution must be combined with long-term monitoring using imaging technology to determine the optimal therapy for stroke in terms of administration route, dosage, and timing. This review discusses potential therapeutic mechanisms of stem cell transplantation for the treatment of stroke and the limitations of current therapies. Methods to label transplanted cells and existing imaging systems for stem cell labeling and in vivo tracking will also be discussed.

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Journey of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Homing: Strategies to Enhance Efficacy and Safety of Stem Cell Therapy

Stem Cells International ◽

10.1155/2012/342968 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 113

Author(s):

Sung Keun Kang ◽

Il Seob Shin ◽

Myung Soon Ko ◽

Jung Youn Jo ◽

Jeong Chan Ra

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Cellular Damage ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Clinical Benefits

Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) communicate with other cells in the human body and appear to “home” to areas of injury in response to signals of cellular damage, known as homing signals. This review of the state of current research on homing of MSCs suggests that favorable cellular conditions and thein vivoenvironment facilitate and are required for the migration of MSCs to the site of insult or injuryin vivo. We review the current understanding of MSC migration and discuss strategies for enhancing both the environmental and cellular conditions that give rise to effective homing of MSCs. This may allow MSCs to quickly find and migrate to injured tissues, where they may best exert clinical benefits resulting from improved homing and the presence of increased numbers of MSCs.

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230. In Vivo Fluorescence Tracking System for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy

Molecular Therapy ◽

10.1016/j.ymthe.2006.08.256 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. S88 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kozo Hoshino ◽

Hung Q. Ly ◽

Irina Pomerantseva ◽

Yoshiaki Takewa ◽

Ryuichi Yoneyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Tracking System ◽

Cardiac Stem Cell ◽

In Vivo Fluorescence

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Nanobiodevice based single cell imaging for cancer diagnosis and in vivo imaging for stem cell therapy

2010 International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics ◽

10.1109/omems.2010.5672195 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Yoshinobu Baba

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Single Cell ◽

Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

In Vivo Imaging ◽

Cell Imaging ◽

Single Cell Imaging

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Diabetic Retinopathy and Stem Cell Therapy

10.5772/intechopen.100812 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sevil Kestane

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Cell Therapies ◽

Long Time

This overview was evaluated by the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the stem cell therapy approach. DR is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by damage to the retinal blood vessels leading to progressive loss of vision. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms are complicated and not completely understood yet. The current treatment strategies have included medical, laser, intravitreal, and surgical approaches. It is known that the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which has a great potential, is promising for the treatment of many degenerative disorders, including the eye. In retinal degenerative diseases, MSCs were ameliorated retinal neurons and retinal pigmented epithelial cells in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Stem cell therapies show promise in neurodegenerative diseases. However, it is very important to know which type of stem cell will be used in which situations, the amount of stem cells to be applied, the method of application, and its physiological/neurophysiological effects. Therefore, it is of great importance to evaluate this subject physiologically. After stem cell application, its safety and efficacy should be followed for a long time. In the near future, widespread application of regenerative stem cell therapy may be a standard treatment in DR.

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Neuronal Replacement in Stem Cell Therapy for Stroke: Filling the Gap

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology ◽

10.3389/fcell.2021.662636 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Sara Palma-Tortosa ◽

Berta Coll-San Martin ◽

Zaal Kokaia ◽

Daniel Tornero

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Animal Models ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Human Skin ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Functional Integration ◽

Short Review ◽

Neuronal Replacement

Stem cell therapy using human skin-derived neural precursors holds much promise for the treatment of stroke patients. Two main mechanisms have been proposed to give rise to the improved recovery in animal models of stroke after transplantation of these cells. First, the so called by-stander effect, which could modulate the environment during early phases after brain tissue damage, resulting in moderate improvements in the outcome of the insult. Second, the neuronal replacement and functional integration of grafted cells into the impaired brain circuitry, which will result in optimum long-term structural and functional repair. Recently developed sophisticated research tools like optogenetic control of neuronal activity and rabies virus monosynaptic tracing, among others, have made it possible to provide solid evidence about the functional integration of grafted cells and its contribution to improved recovery in animal models of brain damage. Moreover, previous clinical trials in patients with Parkinson’s Disease represent a proof of principle that stem cell-based neuronal replacement could work in humans. Our studies with in vivo and ex vivo transplantation of human skin-derived cells neurons in animal model of stroke and organotypic cultures of adult human cortex, respectively, also support the hypothesis that human somatic cells reprogrammed into neurons can get integrated in the human lesioned neuronal circuitry. In the present short review, we summarized our data and recent studies from other groups supporting the above hypothesis and opening new avenues for development of the future clinical applications.

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Fetal liver mesenchymal stem cells restore ovarian function in premature ovarian insufficiency by targeting MT1

Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.1186/s13287-019-1490-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Boxian Huang ◽

Chunfeng Qian ◽

Chenyue Ding ◽

Qingxia Meng ◽

Qinyan Zou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Ovarian Function ◽

Ovarian Insufficiency ◽

Apoptotic Genes

Abstract Background With the development of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering technology, almost all stem cell therapy is efficacious for the treatment of premature ovarian failure (POF) or premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) animal models, whereas little stem cell therapy has been practiced in clinical settings. The underlying molecular mechanism and safety of stem cell treatment in POI are not fully understood. In this study, we explored whether fetal mesenchymal stem cells (fMSCs) from the liver restore ovarian function and whether melatonin membrane receptor 1 (MT1) acts as a regulator for treating POI disease. Methods We designed an in vivo model (chemotherapy-induced ovary damage) and an in vitro model (human ovarian granulosa cells (hGCs)) to understand the efficacy and molecular cues of fMSC treatment of POI. Follicle development was observed by H&E staining. The concentration of sex hormones in serum (E2, AMH, and FSH) and the concentration of oxidative and antioxidative metabolites and the enzymes MDA, SOD, CAT, LDH, GR, and GPx were measured by ELISA. Flow cytometry (FACS) was employed to detect the percentages of ROS and proliferation rates. mRNA and protein expression of antiapoptotic genes (SURVIVIN and BCL2), apoptotic genes (CASPASE-3 and CASPASE-9), and MT1 and its downstream genes (JNK1, PCNA, AMPK) were tested by qPCR and western blotting. MT1 siRNA and related antagonists were used to assess the mechanism. Results fMSC treatment prevented cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced follicle loss and recovered sex hormone levels. Additionally, fMSCs significantly decreased oxidative damage, increased oxidative protection, improved antiapoptotic effects, and inhibited apoptotic genes in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, fMSCs also upregulated MT1, JNK1, PCNA, and AMPK at the mRNA and protein levels. With MT1 knockdown or antagonist treatment in normal hGCs, the protein expression of JNK1, PCNA, and AMPK and the percentage of proliferation were impaired. Conclusions fMSCs might play a crucial role in mediating follicular development in the POI mouse model and stimulating the activity of POI hGCs by targeting MT1.

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