Integrating Stable Isotopes to the Study of the Origin of Management Strategies for Domestic Animals: δ13C and δ18O Results from Bioapatite Enamel of Cattle from the Tell Halula Site, Syria (7800–7000 BC)

2010 ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tornero ◽  
M. Saňa
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Δ13c And Δ18o

scholarly journals Different climate sensitivity for radial growth, but uniform for tree-ring stable isotopes along an aridity gradient in Polylepis tarapacana, the world’s highest elevation tree-species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milagros Rodriguez-Caton ◽  
Laia Andreu-Hayles ◽  
Mariano S Morales ◽  
Valérie Daux ◽  
Duncan A Christie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Aridity Gradient ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Δ13c And Δ18o

Abstract Tree growth is generally considered to be temperature-limited at upper elevation treelines. Yet, climate factors controlling tree growth at semiarid treelines are poorly understood. We explored the influence of climate on stem growth and stable isotopes for Polyepis tarapacana, the world’s highest elevation tree-species found only in the South American Altiplano. We developed tree-ring width index (RWI), oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) chronologies for the last 60 years at four P. tarapacana stands located above 4,400 meters in elevation, along a 500-km latitude-aridity gradient. Total annual precipitation decreased from 300 to 200 mm from the northern to the southern sites. We used RWI as a proxy of wood formation (carbon sink) and isotopic tree-ring signatures as proxies of leaf-level gas exchange processes (carbon source). We found distinct climatic conditions regulating carbon-sink processes along the gradient. Current-growing season temperature regulated RWI at wetter-northern sites, while prior-growing season precipitation determined RWI at arid-southern sites. This suggests that the relative importance of temperature to precipitation in regulating tree growth is driven by site-water availability. In contrast, warm and dry growing-seasons resulted in enriched tree-ring δ13C and δ18O at all study sites, suggesting that similar climate conditions control carbon-source processes. Site-level δ13C and δ18O chronologies were significantly and positively related at all sites, with the strongest relationships among the southern-drier stands. This indicates an overall regulation of intercellular carbon dioxide via stomatal conductance for the entire P. tarapacana network, with greater stomatal control when aridity increases. The manuscript also highlights a coupling and decoupling of physiological processes at leaf level versus wood formation depending on their respectively uniform and distinct sensitivity to climate. This study contributes to better understand and predict the response of high-elevation Polylepis woodlands to rapid climate changes and projected drying in the Altiplano.

scholarly journals Palaeoecology and palaeoclimatic context of Romanian Carpathian MIS 3 cave bears using stable isotopes (δ13C and δ18O)

2019 ◽  
Vol 534 ◽  
pp. 109288
Author(s):  
Marius Robu ◽  
Jonathan Wynn ◽  
Cristina Montana Puşcaş ◽  
Ioana Nicoleta Meleg ◽  
Jeremy E. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
Δ13c And Δ18o

scholarly journals Effect of Research Impact on Emerging Camel Husbandry, Welfare and Social-Related Awareness

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Iglesias Pastrana ◽  
Francisco Javier Navas González ◽  
Elena Ciani ◽  
Cecilio José Barba Capote ◽  
Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Research Impact ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Consumer Perception ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Academic Impact ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Journal Citation Reports ◽  
Production Animals ◽  
Camel Husbandry

The lack of applied scientific research on camels, despite them being recognized as production animals, compels the reorganization of emerging camel breeding systems with the aim of achieving successful camel welfare management strategies all over the world. Relevant and properly-framed research widely impacts dissemination of scientific contents and drives public willingness to enhance ethically acceptable conditions for domestic animals. Consumer perception of this livestock industry will improve and high-quality products will be obtained. This paper draws on bibliometric indicators as promoting factors for camel-related research advances, tracing historical scientific publications indexed in ScienceDirect directory from 1880–2019. Camel as a species did not affect Journal Citation Reports (JCR) impact (p > 0.05) despite the journal, author number, corresponding author origin, discipline and publication year affecting it (p < 0.001). Countries with traditionally well-established camel farming are also responsible for the papers with the highest academic impact. However, camel research advances may have only locally and partially influenced welfare related laws, so intentional harming acts and basic needs neglect may persist in these species. A sustainable camel industry requires those involved in camel research to influence business stakeholders and animal welfare advocacies by highlighting the benefits of camel wellbeing promotion, co-innovation partnership establishment and urgent enhancement of policy reform.

Anthropogenically-induced recharge in a semiarid mountain front context

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houssne Bouimouass ◽  
Younes Fakir ◽  
Sarah Tweed ◽  
Marc Leblanc
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Groundwater Fluctuation ◽  
Mountain Front ◽  
Irrigation Practices

&lt;p&gt;Mountain-fronts constitute important groundwater recharge areas in arid and semiarid regions. Mountain-front recharge processes are generally identified, in natural systems, as streamflow losses and subsurface inflow from the mountain block. However, another key recharge process is from irrigation practices; where mountain streamflow is distributed across the irrigated piedmont. In this study, coupled groundwater fluctuation measurements and stable isotopes (&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O and &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;H) were used to identify and compare the natural mountain-front recharge to the anthropogenically-induced irrigation recharge. Within the High-Atlas mountain front of the Ourika basin, Tensift, Central Morocco, the groundwater fluctuation mapping from the dry to wet season showed that recharge from irrigation waters was higher than the recharge along the streambed. Irrigation practices in the region divert more than 65% of the stream water, thereby reducing the potential for stream recharge. Due to the traditional irrigation practices, upstream crops are preferentially irrigated with stream water over downstream areas. In downstream areas irrigation is only via stream water during large flood events and is otherwise supplemented by groundwater resources. These changes in water resources used for irrigation practices between upstream and downstream areas are reflected in the spatio-temporal evolution of the stable isotopes of groundwater. In the upstream irrigation area, the groundwater stable isotope values (d&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O: -8.4 &amp;#8240; to -7.4 &amp;#8240;) reflect recharge by the diverted stream water. In the downstream irrigation area, the groundwater isotope values are lower (d&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O: -8.1 &amp;#8240; to -8.4 &amp;#8240;) due to recharge with floods.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The results from this study particularly highlight that irrigation can deeply modify both the recharge processes and the water balance in the mountain front areas. Groundwater resources in such areas become reliant on the irrigation practices as an important source of recharge, and this anthropogenic modification of the hydrological cycle should be assessed and taken into consideration within climate change impacts and integrated water management strategies.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Partitioning daily evapotranspiration from a marsh wetland using stable isotopes in a semiarid region

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1005-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Shichun Zhang ◽  
Wenguang Zhang ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Chao Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Wetland Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Hydrological Process ◽  
Leaf Transpiration ◽  
Vegetation Indexes

Abstract The hydrological process of evapotranspiration (ET) plays an important role in water circulation in wetlands, and understanding the contributions of wetland ET to local and regional water cycles can help in designing effective wetland management strategies. In this paper, a numerical model, vegetation indexes, and stable isotopes were integrated to partition ET in the Momoge Wetland to understand hydrological processes and calculate the contribution of wetland ET to local hydrological cycling. The results of the non-steady state (NSS) model indicated clear deviation of leaf water enrichment (δLb) from an isotopic steady state (ISS) for Phragmites australis, and the model accuracy improved particularly in the early morning and evening when air moisture was highest during the day. The isotopic mass balance showed that E and T contributed approximately 62% and 38% to ET, respectively. Using the estimated proportion of T to ET, in combination for the measured leaf transpiration, total ET was estimated at approximately 8.76 mm d−1. Additionally, the amount of ET clearly changed on an hourly scale, with most primarily occurring at approximately noon. Based on comparison among internationally important wetlands distributed in northeast China, the results in this study are reasonable and will provide theoretical data for wetland water resources management.

scholarly journals Diversity of management strategies in Mesoamerican turkeys: archaeological, isotopic and genetic evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 171613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelie Manin ◽  
Eduardo Corona-M ◽  
Michelle Alexander ◽  
Abigail Craig ◽  
Erin Kennedy Thornton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Meleagris Gallopavo ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Mixed Feeding ◽  
Postclassic Period ◽  
Southwest Usa ◽  
Domestic Products

The turkey ( Meleagris gallopavo ) represents one of the few domestic animals of the New World. While current research points to distinct domestication centres in the Southwest USA and Mesoamerica, several questions regarding the number of progenitor populations, and the timing and intensity of turkey husbandry remain unanswered. This study applied ancient mitochondrial DNA and stable isotope ( δ 13 C, δ 15 N) analysis to 55 archaeological turkey remains from Mexico to investigate pre-contact turkey exploitation in Mesoamerica. Three different (sub)species of turkeys were identified in the archaeological record ( M. g. mexicana , M. g. gallopavo and M. ocellata ), indicating the exploitation of diverse local populations, as well as the trade of captively reared birds into the Maya area. No evidence of shared maternal haplotypes was observed between Mesoamerica and the Southwest USA, in contrast with archaeological evidence for trade of other domestic products. Isotopic analysis indicates a range of feeding behaviours in ancient Mesoamerican turkeys, including wild foraging, human provisioning and mixed feeding ecologies. This variability in turkey diet decreases through time, with archaeological, genetic and isotopic evidence all pointing to the intensification of domestic turkey management and husbandry, culminating in the Postclassic period.

scholarly journals PasteurellaSpecies Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Peritonitis: Household Pets as a Risk Factor

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Guillaume Poliquin ◽  
Philippe Lagacé-Wiens ◽  
Mauro Verrelli ◽  
David W Allen ◽  
John M Embil
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
High Likelihood ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Oropharyngeal Flora ◽  
The Mean

BACKGROUND: Pasteurellaspecies are Gram-negative coccobacilli that are a part of the normal oropharyngeal flora of numerous domestic animals. They have been recognized as a rare but significant cause of peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). A consensus about management strategies for PD-associated peritonitis caused byPasteurellaspecies currently does not exist.METHODS: The microbiological database serving the Manitoba Renal Program was searched from 1997 to 2013 for cases ofPasteurellaspecies PD-associated peritonitis, and charts were reviewed. PubMed was searched for case reports and data were abstracted.RESULTS: Seven new local cases and 30 previously reported cases were analyzed. This infection is clinically similar to other forms of PD peritonitis, with household pet exposure appearing to be the strongest risk factor. Cats are the most commonly implicated pet. Direct contact between the pet and the equipment was commonly reported (25 of 37 patients) but was not necessary for infection to develop. The mean duration of treatment was 15 days. Complication rates were low, with only 11% of patients requiring PD catheter removal. There was no mortality reported.CONCLUSION:Pasteurellaspecies are a rare cause of PD-associated peritonitis that can be successfully treated with a two-week course of intraperitoneal antibiotics with a high likelihood of catheter salvage.

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