Structure Mapping for Jeopardy! Clues

2011 ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. William Murdock
Keyword(s):  
Structure Mapping

Neuro-Clinical Signatures of Language Impairments: A Theoretical Framework for Function-to-structure Mapping in Clinics

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 800-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferath Kherif ◽  
Sandrine Muller
Keyword(s):  
Brain Mapping ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Language Impairments ◽  
Structure Mapping ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Language Recovery ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Bow Tie

In the past decades, neuroscientists and clinicians have collected a considerable amount of data and drastically increased our knowledge about the mapping of language in the brain. The emerging picture from the accumulated knowledge is that there are complex and combinatorial relationships between language functions and anatomical brain regions. Understanding the underlying principles of this complex mapping is of paramount importance for the identification of the brain signature of language and Neuro-Clinical signatures that explain language impairments and predict language recovery after stroke. We review recent attempts to addresses this question of language-brain mapping. We introduce the different concepts of mapping (from diffeomorphic one-to-one mapping to many-to-many mapping). We build those different forms of mapping to derive a theoretical framework where the current principles of brain architectures including redundancy, degeneracy, pluri-potentiality and bow-tie network are described.

scholarly journals Fine-Structure Mapping of Meiosis-Specific Double-Strand DNA Breaks at a Recombination Hotspot Associated With an Insertion of Telomeric Sequences Upstream of the HIS4 Locus in Yeast

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 1115-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Xu ◽  
Thomas D Petes
Keyword(s):  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Sequence Specificity ◽  
Structure Mapping ◽  
Dna Breaks ◽  
Exonuclease Iii ◽  
Recombination Hotspot ◽  
Telomeric Sequences ◽  
Double Strand Dna Breaks ◽  
Double Strand Dna

Abstract Meiotic recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is initiated by double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs). Using two approaches, we mapped the position of DSBs associated with a recombination hotspot created by insertion of telomeric sequences into the region upstream of HIS4. We found that the breaks have no obvious sequence specificity and localize to a region of ~50 bp adjacent to the telomeric insertion. By mapping the breaks and by studies of the exonuclease III sensitivity of the broken ends, we conclude that most of the broken DNA molecules have blunt ends with 3′-hydroxyl groups.

scholarly journals TomoSAR Mapping of 3D Forest Structure: Contributions of L-Band Configurations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2255
Author(s):  
Matteo Pardini ◽  
Victor Cazcarra-Bes ◽  
Konstantinos Papathanassiou
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Structure Mapping ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
L Band ◽  
Structure Indices

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) measurements are unique for mapping forest 3D structure and its changes in time. Tomographic SAR (TomoSAR) configurations exploit this potential by reconstructing the 3D radar reflectivity. The frequency of the SAR measurements is one of the main parameters determining the information content of the reconstructed reflectivity in terms of penetration and sensitivity to the individual vegetation elements. This paper attempts to review and characterize the structural information content of L-band TomoSAR reflectivity reconstructions, and their potential to forest structure mapping. First, the challenges in the accurate TomoSAR reflectivity reconstruction of volume scatterers (which are expected to dominate at L-band) and to extract physical structure information from the reconstructed reflectivity is addressed. Then, the L-band penetration capability is directly evaluated by means of the estimation performance of the sub-canopy ground topography. The information content of the reconstructed reflectivity is then evaluated in terms of complementary structure indices. Finally, the dependency of the TomoSAR reconstruction and of its structural information to both the TomoSAR acquisition geometry and the temporal change of the reflectivity that may occur in the time between the TomoSAR measurements in repeat-pass or bistatic configurations is evaluated. The analysis is supported by experimental results obtained by processing airborne acquisitions performed over temperate forest sites close to the city of Traunstein in the south of Germany.

Bayesian Mapping of Multiple Quantitative Trait Loci From Incomplete Inbred Line Cross Data

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 1373-1388
Author(s):  
Mikko J Sillanpää ◽  
Elja Arjas
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Composite Interval Mapping ◽  
Backcross Progeny ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Structure Mapping ◽  
Standard Interval ◽  
Trait Loci

Abstract A novel fine structure mapping method for quantitative traits is presented. It is based on Bayesian modeling and inference, treating the number of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) as an unobserved random variable and using ideas similar to composite interval mapping to account for the effects of QTLs in other chromosomes. The method is introduced for inbred lines and it can be applied also in situations involving frequent missing genotypes. We propose that two new probabilistic measures be used to summarize the results from the statistical analysis: (1) the (posterior) QTL-intensity, for estimating the number of QTLs in a chromosome and for localizing them into some particular chromosomal regions, and (2) the location wise (posterior) distributions of the phenotypic effects of the QTLs. Both these measures will be viewed as functions of the putative QTL locus, over the marker range in the linkage group. The method is tested and compared with standard interval and composite interval mapping techniques by using simulated backcross progeny data. It is implemented as a software package. Its initial version is freely available for research purposes under the name Multimapper at URL http://www.rni.helsinki.fi/~mjs.

Analogies in science and science teaching

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Brown ◽  
Susan Salter
Keyword(s):  
Science Teaching ◽  
Student Understanding ◽  
Great Care ◽  
Structure Mapping ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Mapping Theory ◽  
Practice Of Science

Analogies are often used in science, but students may not appreciate their significance, and so the analogies can be misunderstood or discounted. For this reason, educationalists often express concern about the use of analogies in teaching. Given the important place of analogies in the discourse of science, it is necessary that students are explicitly shown how they work, perhaps based on the structure-mapping theory we outline here. When using an analogy, the teacher should very clearly specify both its components and its limitations. Great care is required in developing an analogy to ensure that it is understood as intended and that misconceptions are minimized. This approach models the behavior of a scientist, which helps to develop student understanding of the practice of science.

Mutations at the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SUP4 tRNA Tyr Locus: Isolation, Genetic Fine-Structure Mapping, and Correlation with Physical Structure

1982 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 1501-1513
Author(s):  
Janet Kurjan ◽  
Benjamin D. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Mapping Technique ◽  
Structure Mapping ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Qualitative Estimate ◽  
Genetic Fine Structure ◽  
Entire Gene

The SUP4 tRNA Tyr locus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been studied by the isolation and characterization of mutations at the SUP4 gene which result in the loss of suppressor function. Most of the mutations act as single-site mutations, whereas about a third of the mutations are deletions of the entire gene. Two meiotic fine-structure maps of the gene were made. The first mapping technique placed 10 mutations plus the sup4 + anticodon on a map by a measurement of levels of recombination between pairs of mutations. The second map utilized a more qualitative estimate of recombination frequency, allowing 69 mutations and the sup4 + anticodon to be mapped. The maps were compared with the physical structure of the gene for the 34 mutations whose nucleotide alteration has been determined by DNA sequencing (Koski et al., Cell 22 :415-425, 1980; Kurjan et al., Cell 20 :701-709, 1980). Both maps show a good correlation with the physical structure of the gene, even though certain properties of genetic fine-structure maps, such as marker effects and “map expansion,” were seen.

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