A Comparison of Analytical Approaches for Detecting Diameter Growth Trends: Case Studies from Switzerland

1996 ◽  
pp. 267-274
Author(s):  
Michael Köhl ◽  
Andreas Zingg ◽  
Otto Ulrich Bräker
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Growth Trends ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Case Studies: Problems Solving in Fluidized Bed Waste Fuel Incineration

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Yan ◽  
David Tee Liang ◽  
Leslie Tsen ◽  
Kaiwen Yao ◽  
Joo Hwa Tay
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Fluidized Beds ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Carbon Soot ◽  
Bed Agglomeration ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Fluidized bed combustion technology has been widely used as the new, flexible, multi-fuel boiler for waste combustion and energy recovery from low-grade fuels. However, problems such as low thermal efficiency, high emissions and bed agglomeration etc., are still encountered in operation of fluidized beds. Valuable experiences were gained from the two case studies recently conducted regarding wastes combustion in industrial-scale fluidized beds. In the first case, the performance of a fluidized bed combustor for energy recovery from oil sludge was evaluated during the commercial trials. Apart from the sludge characterization and bed material analysis, the combustion efficiency, solid flow balance, on-stack emission of CO, SOx, NOx were addressed, as well as the fluidization quality. Although the system was operated with good combustion efficiency (>99.9%), sulfur dioxide emission (>1,000ppm) was found to be substantially higher than the allowable discharge limit. It was recommended to increase limestone feed rate in order to meet the SO2 emission standard and subsequently, installation of a cyclone is suggested to remove the potential significant increase in ash and fine particles. The second case study focused on the bed agglomeration observed in a fluidized bed incinerator where burning blend of three wastes (i.e., carbon soot, biosludge and fuel oil) are involved. To understand the mechanisms and chemistry related, several analytical approaches are employed to identify the bed materials (fresh sand and degrader sand) and clinkers formed from full-scale incinerator tests. The formation of clinker is believed to follow the mechanism of partial melting and/or reactive liquid sintering. The effects of temperature and blending ratio are tested in a muffle furnace. Carbon soot is believed to be more susceptible than the other two fuels. Thermodynamic multi-Phase multi-Component Equilibrium (TPCE) calculations predict that the main low melting point species are predominant under oxidizing condition, suggesting that reducing conditions might be favorable to restrain the bed agglomeration. This study provides valuable information for the better understanding of the chemistry related to clinker formation; it also helps in developing methods for the control and possible elimination of the bed agglomeration problem for the design fuels.

scholarly journals Agnotology: learning from mistakes

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 451-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Benestad ◽  
H. O. Hygen ◽  
R. van Dorland ◽  
J. Cook ◽  
D. Nuccitelli
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Abstract. Replication is an important part of science, and by repeating past analyses, we show that a number of papers in the scientific literature contain severe methodological flaws which can easily be identified through simple tests and demonstrations. In many cases, shortcomings are related to a lack of robustness, leading to results that are not universally valid but rather an artifact of a particular experimental set-up. Some examples presented here have ignored data that do not fit the conclusions, and in several other cases, inappropriate statistical methods have been adopted or conclusions have been based on misconceived physics. These papers may serve as educational case studies for why certain analytical approaches sometimes are unsuitable in providing reliable answers. They also highlight the merit of replication. A lack of common replication has repercussions for the quality of the scientific literature, and may be a reason why some controversial questions remain unanswered even when ignorance could be reduced. Agnotology is the study of such ignorance. A free and open-source software is provided for demonstration purposes.

scholarly journals What Fate for Plastics in Artworks? An Overview of Their Identification and Degradative Behaviour

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 883
Author(s):  
Massimo Lazzari ◽  
Daniela Reggio
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Polymeric Material ◽  
Material Science ◽  
Artificial Ageing ◽  
Art Objects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Analytical Approaches

This review is conceived as a guide for material science researchers and conservators aiming to face the problem of deterioration of contemporary artworks entirely or partially made of plastics. It initially illustrates the analytical approaches for identifying polymeric material components in 3D art objects, such as sculptures and installations, and provides a perspective of their limits and advantages. Subsequently, the methodologies used for studying the deterioration of contemporary art plastics are reviewed, emphasising the main effects of the different types of degradation (i.e., migration of additives, oxidation and hydrolysis) and suggesting the appropriate techniques for their detection. Finally, the application of artificial ageing tests is critically assessed. All the concepts are elaborated through case studies and examples.

Evaluating medical information systems: ethnomethodological and interactionist approaches

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Greatbatch ◽  
Elizabeth Murphy ◽  
Robert Dingwall
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
Organizational Impact ◽  
Medical Information Systems ◽  
The Social ◽  
Medical Computer ◽  
Analytical Approaches

This paper examines how qualitative research can contribute to the evaluation of medical information systems. Most qualitative studies of the use of medical computer systems adopt either an interactionist or, less commonly, an ethnomethodological perspective. The paper compares and contrasts the two approaches through the detailed discussion of two case studies, one rooted in each tradition. It identifies the implications of using these different analytical approaches and assesses their strengths and weaknessess. The paper argues that the preference for interactionism has led qualitative researchers to overlook important aspects of the social processess which surround the use of computer systems and that, consequently, a shift in emphasis towards ethnomethodological research is necessary. Nonetheless, it concludes by asserting that both strands of qualitative research can illuminate the organizational impact of medical computer systems.

Evaluating Medical Information Systems: Ethnomethodological and Interactionist Approaches

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Greatbatch ◽  
Elizabeth Murphy ◽  
Robert Dingwall
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
Organizational Impact ◽  
Medical Information Systems ◽  
The Social ◽  
Medical Computer ◽  
Analytical Approaches

This paper examines how qualitative research can contribute to the evaluation of medical information systems. Most qualitative studies of the use of medical computer systems adopt either an interactionist or, less commonly, an ethnomethodological perspective. The paper compares and contrasts the two approaches through the detailed discussion of two case studies, one rooted in each tradition. It identifies the implications of using these different analytical approaches and assesses their strengths and weaknessess. The paper argues that the preference for interactionism has led qualitative researchers to overlook important aspects of the social processess which surround the use of computer systems and that, consequently, a shift in emphasis towards ethnomethodological research is necessary. Nonetheless, it concludes by asserting that both strands of qualitative research can illuminate the organizational impact of medical computer systems.

Corporate Sustainability: Challenge to Managerial Orthodoxies

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dexter Dunphy
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Corporate Sustainability ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Sustainability Management

ABSTRACTThis paper addresses the issue of corporate sustainability. It examines why achieving sustainability is becoming an increasingly vital issue for society and organisations, defines sustainability and then outlines a set of phases through which organisations can move to achieve increasing levels of sustainability. Case studies are presented of organisations at various phases indicating the benefits, for the organisation and its stakeholders, which can be made at each phase. Finally the paper argues that there is a marked contrast between the two competing philosophies of neo-conservatism (economic rationalism) and the emerging philosophy of sustainability. Management schools have been strongly influenced by economic rationalism, which underpins the traditional orthodoxies presented in such schools. Sustainability represents an urgent challenge for management schools to rethink these traditional orthodoxies and give sustainability a central place in the curriculum.

Short-Form Application of the Screening Test of Spanish Grammar and the Northwestern Syntax Screening Test to Latino Children

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-235
Author(s):  
David L. Ratusnik ◽  
Carol Melnick Ratusnik ◽  
Karen Sattinger
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Latino Children ◽  
Data Application ◽  
York Metropolitan Area ◽  
Multiple Regression Technique

Short-form versions of the Screening Test of Spanish Grammar (Toronto, 1973) and the Northwestern Syntax Screening Test (Lee, 1971) were devised for use with bilingual Latino children while preserving the original normative data. Application of a multiple regression technique to data collected on 60 lower social status Latino children (four years and six months to seven years and one month) from Spanish Harlem and Yonkers, New York, yielded a small but powerful set of predictor items from the Spanish and English tests. Clinicians may make rapid and accurate predictions of STSG or NSST total screening scores from administration of substantially shortened versions of the instruments. Case studies of Latino children from Chicago and Miami serve to cross-validate the procedure outside the New York metropolitan area.

Case Studies for Telepractice in AAC

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Rose Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Computer Experience ◽  
Access Methods ◽  
Complex Communication Needs ◽  
Barriers To Service ◽  
Communication Needs

As the field of telepractice grows, perceived barriers to service delivery must be anticipated and addressed in order to provide appropriate service delivery to individuals who will benefit from this model. When applying telepractice to the field of AAC, additional barriers are encountered when clients with complex communication needs are unable to speak, often present with severe quadriplegia and are unable to position themselves or access the computer independently, and/or may have cognitive impairments and limited computer experience. Some access methods, such as eye gaze, can also present technological challenges in the telepractice environment. These barriers can be overcome, and telepractice is not only practical and effective, but often a preferred means of service delivery for persons with complex communication needs.

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