Detection and Transduction of Physical Stimuli in Plants

1987 ◽  
pp. 41-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Edwards ◽  
Barbara G. Pickard
Keyword(s):  
Physical Stimuli

scholarly journals Special Issue: Smart Nanomaterials for Environmental Remediation

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Won San Choi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Structures And Properties ◽  
Physical Stimuli

Nanomaterials that can be reversibly or irreversibly changed in structures and properties by the influence of external chemical and physical stimuli are defined as smart nanomaterials [...]

A Facile and Rapid Approach to Lotus‐Seedpod‐Structured Electronic Skin for Monitoring Diverse Physical Stimuli

2021 ◽  
pp. 2001084
Author(s):  
Yanhao Huang ◽  
Libo Chen ◽  
Shaodi Zheng ◽  
Xiaotian Wu ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Skin ◽  
Physical Stimuli ◽  
Lotus Seedpod

scholarly journals Exploring the drug loading mechanism of photoresponsive inorganic nanocarriers through molecular dynamics simulations

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Motta ◽  
Paulo Siani ◽  
Andrea Levy ◽  
Cristiana Di Valentin
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Molecular Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Combine Therapy ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
Physical Stimuli ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

Inorganic nanoparticles are gaining increasing attention as drug carriers because they respond to external physical stimuli, allowing to combine therapy with diagnosis. Their drawback is a low drug loading capacity,...

scholarly journals All-soft multiaxial force sensor based on liquid metal for electronic skin

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyuyoung Kim ◽  
Junseong Ahn ◽  
Yongrok Jeong ◽  
Jungrak Choi ◽  
Osman Gul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Microchannel Array ◽  
Electronic Skin ◽  
Microchannel Arrays ◽  
Mechanical Durability ◽  
Physical Stimuli ◽  
Dome Structure ◽  
Simulation Results

AbstractElectronic skin (E-skin) capable of detecting various physical stimuli is required for monitoring external environments accurately. Here, we report an all-soft multiaxial force sensor based on liquid metal microchannel array for electronic skin applications. The proposed sensor is composed of stretchable elastomer and Galinstan, a eutectic gallium-indium alloy, providing a high mechanical flexibility and electro-mechanical durability. Liquid metal microchannel arrays are fabricated in multilayer and positioned along a dome structure to detect multi-directional forces, supported by numerical simulation results. By adjusting the height of the dome, we could control the response of the multiaxial sensor with respect to the deflection. As a demonstration of multiaxial force sensing, we were able to monitor the direction of multidirectional forces using a finger by the response of liquid metal microchannel arrays. This research could be applied to various fields including soft robotics, wearable devices, and smart prosthetics for artificial intelligent skin applications.

“Apparent Behavior” Revisited

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Morley Greenberg ◽  
Lloyd H. Strickland
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Measurement Scales ◽  
Social Attribution ◽  
Physical Stimuli

Ss were asked to attribute characteristics to the geometrical objects in the film used by Heider and Simmel, using 3 clusters of adjectives taken from the activity, potency, and evaluative dimensions respectively of the semantic differential. The original, descriptive findings of Heider and Simmel received support from the results derived from the use of measurement “scales.” The implications of the use of movies of “interacting” physical stimuli in the study of social attribution processes were discussed, and hypotheses and methods for additional studies were ventured.

Parametric Finite Element Analysis of Physical Stimuli Resulting From Mechanical Stimulation of Tissue Engineered Cartilage

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omotunde M. Babalola ◽  
Lawrence J. Bonassar
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Radial Strain ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Loading Frequency ◽  
Fluid Velocities ◽  
Physical Stimuli ◽  
Scaffold Materials ◽  
Stimulation Of

While mechanical stimulation of cells seeded within scaffolds is widely thought to be beneficial, the amount of benefit observed is highly variable between experimental systems. Although studies have investigated specific experimental loading protocols thought to be advantageous for cartilage growth, less is known about the physical stimuli (e.g., pressures, velocities, and local strains) cells experience during these experiments. This study used results of a literature survey, which looked for patterns in the efficacy of mechanical stimulation of chondrocyte seeded scaffolds, to inform the modeling of spatial patterns of physical stimuli present in mechanically stimulated constructs. The literature survey revealed a large variation in conditions used in mechanical loading studies, with a peak to peak strain of 10% (i.e., the maximum amount of deformation experienced by the scaffold) at 1 Hz on agarose scaffolds being the most frequently studied parameters and scaffold. This loading frequency was then used as the basis for simulation in the finite element analyses. 2D axisymmetric finite element models of 2×4 mm2 scaffolds with 360 modulus/permeability combinations were constructed using COMSOLMULTIPHYSICS software. A time dependent coupled pore pressure/effective stress analysis was used to model fluid/solid interactions in the scaffolds upon loading. Loading was simulated using an impermeable frictionless loader on the top boundary with fluid and solid displacement confined to the radial axis. As expected, all scaffold materials exhibited classic poro-elastic behavior having pressurized cores with low fluid flow and edges with high radial fluid velocities. Under the simulation parameters of this study, PEG scaffolds had the highest pressure and radial fluid velocity but also the lowest shear stress and radial strain. Chitosan and KLD-12 simulated scaffold materials had the lowest radial strains and fluid velocities, with collagen scaffolds having the lowest pressures. Parametric analysis showed maximum peak pressures within the scaffold to be more dependent on scaffold modulus than on permeability and velocities to depend on both scaffold properties similarly. The dependence of radial strain on permeability or modulus was more complex; maximum strains occurred at lower permeabilities and moduli, and the lowest strain occurred at the stiffest most permeable scaffold. Shear stresses within all scaffolds were negligible. These results give insight into the large variations in metabolic response seen in studies involving mechanical stimulation of cell-seeded constructs, where the same loading conditions produce very different results due to the differences in material properties.

The Daily Rhythm of Activity of the Cockroach, Blatta Orientalis L

1940 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. GUNN
Keyword(s):  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Locomotory Activity ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Daily Cycle ◽  
Blatta Orientalis ◽  
Physical Stimuli ◽  
Inactive Phase ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Main Activity

1. In an aktograph at 25.5°C., at upwards of 75% relative humidity and with food present, the average locomotory activity of the cockroach per day does not depend on whether there is continuous light for weeks, or continuous darkness, or a daily alternation of light and darkness. 2. When temperature and humidity do not vary during the day and other factors are kept as constant as possible, the cockroach's activity can be largely concentrated into any desired half of the day, simply by suitably adjusting the time of onset of the half-day's darkness. A rhythm can thus be set up, so that the main activity occurs at the same hours each day. 3. This activity rhythm persists for some days in continuous light or continuous darkness, but eventually activity becomes much more evenly spread over the whole day, leaving only a slight residual rhythm which is unrelated to the previous conspicuous one. A new conspicuous rhythm can then be started at once by alternation of light and darkness. 4. There are indications that animal responses to physical stimuli may depend to a considerable extent on whether the animal is in the active or the inactive phase of its daily cycle. A method is suggested for making it possible to study the nocturnal phase during the daytime.

Etiology and predictors of cluster attacks of hereditary angioedema that recur despite pharmaceutical treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-324
Author(s):  
Felix. A. Johnson ◽  
Magdalena Wirth ◽  
Zhaojun Zhu ◽  
Janina Hahn ◽  
Jens Greve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hereditary Angioedema ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Prophylactic Therapy ◽  
On Demand ◽  
C1 Esterase Inhibitor ◽  
Physical Stimuli ◽  
Inhibitor Treatment ◽  
Esterase Inhibitor

Introduction: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a disease that leads to recurrent swelling of the skin and mucous membranes, including the upper airway tract. Apart from being deadly, these attacks can be debilitating, which leads to a poor quality of life in patients. Clinicians are occasionally confronted with patients who have recurrent attacks despite treatment with C1 esterase inhibitor concentrate or β2-receptor antagonists. The goal of this study was to investigate repeated attacks that occur 48 hours to 7 days (“cluster attacks”) after treatment, to determine why they occur and the factors that may be associated with them, and thus to prevent their occurrence. Methods: We conducted a multicenter mixed retrospective-prospective study with data acquired from all documented attacks in our patients with collective (n = 132) between 2015 and 2018. Results: Eighty-five percent (n = 132) of our total patient collective (N = 156) agreed to participate in the study. Nine percent of these patients (n = 12) had cluster attacks, with a total of 48 cluster attacks. The data procured from the patients were mixed retrospective‐prospective. Approximately 72% of all the cluster attacks were caused by exogenous stimuli (41% due to psychological stress, 29% due to physical stimuli, and 2% due to menstruation). Cluster attacks occurred in 7% of the patients who received prophylactic therapy in comparison with 12.5% of patients who received on-demand therapy. Cluster attacks comprised 48.4% of all the attacks that patients with cluster-attacks (n= 9) experienced. In addition, the patients who were underdosing their C1 esterase inhibitor treatment had cluster attacks more often. A lower “time to repeated attack” was seen in the patients who received on-demand therapy compared with those who received prophylactic therapy. Discussion: The percentage of the patients who had attacks as a result of exogenous triggers was higher in the cluster-attack group (70.5%) compared with the general HAE population (30‐42%). Repeated attacks, therefore, were strongly associated with external triggers. The patients who received prophylactic treatment and who experienced cluster attacks were highly likely to have been underdosing, which may explain the repeated attacks despite treatment. In the patients prone to cluster attacks, prophylaxis should be considered.

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