scholarly journals 1968 and the “Long 1960s”: A Transregional Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Claudia Derichs
Keyword(s):  
Vantage Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Violent Action ◽  
To Come ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Activist Movements ◽  
Special Meaning ◽  
The Way

Abstract The year 1968 has a special meaning in some parts of the world, but other regions do not attach as much importance to it. While the view from Europe tends to assert the existence of a “global 1968,” the timeline may look quite different from another vantage point. This chapter addresses “1968 and beyond” or the “long 1960s,” as the period is often referred to, as a time of global transformations, but with particular local manifestations in terms of ideological underpinnings and legitimations for (violent) action. Israel’s defeat of Arab armies and Indonesia’s tragic events of the 1960s paved the way for a gradual strengthening of various Islamic missionary and activist movements that spread across both regions and gained huge mobilizing momentum subsequently. This period had vast repercussions for decades to come (e.g. in terms of “Islamization” in many countries around the globe).

scholarly journals Rachel Carson: Humanizing Nature

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikayla Grace Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulations ◽  
Rachel Carson ◽  
Scientific Responsibility ◽  
National Debate ◽  
Silent Spring ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
The Way

Rachel Carson was instrumental in changing the way the world viewed conservation. Her initial written works demonstrated the idea that humans were not the center of the earth’s ecosystems by describing the environment from the viewpoint of non-human creatures (Cafaro, 2011, para. 45-48). Carson’s most eminent publication, Silent Spring, was released at the beginning of the 1960s (Cafaro, 2011, para. 25). The book advocated Carson’s concept of enlightened anthropocentrism through the insistence that new scientific innovations should be questioned as to why, whether, and for what purpose they are put into practice (Walker & Walsh, 2012, p.19). Another issue sparked by Silent Spring regarded whether humans should alter nature for our purposes or attempt to leave it unchanged (Cafaro, 2011, para. 67). Silent Spring helped to spark a national debate about scientific responsibility, limitations on advances in technology, and chemical pesticides in general (Lear, 2013, p. 1). The fact that her arguments stimulated such intense discussion is a testimony to how influential she truly was. Furthermore, Silent Spring led to the banning of dichlorodiphenyltricholoroethane (DDT) production by 1972, along with the implementation of government regulations to safeguard the environment (Hecht, 2012, p. 154; Lear, 2013, p. 1). Carson also made individuals realize that what they put into the environment must be regulated in order to keep the effects from haunting them for generations to come. This undeniable truth continues to resonate today. 

scholarly journals Itineraries of Modern Ethiopian Instrumental Music

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lucien Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Cultural Interaction ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Central Focus ◽  
The World ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

<p>This dissertation explores the way in which Ethiopian musicians of the 1960s and 70s adapted forms such as jazz, soul and Latin music to create a new hybrid instrumental music style variously referred to as Ethio-Jazz or Ethio-Groove. It will then go on to investigate the impact that this music has had, in turn, on musicians in various locations around the world since its reissuing on CD in the late 1990s. The central focus is to investigate and articulate the role of individuals’ musical agency in this narrative, and to ask how, within the context of Ethiopian instrumental music and its offshoots, individual musicians and composers have engaged with, responded to and integrated music from elsewhere into their own musical languages. In particular, it looks at how musicians and composers have approached their own notion of creative individuality when their musical genealogy can be traced via affinities rather than geographic and ethnic inheritances. In adopting various influences these musicians, from both the original generation of Ethiopian musicians in the 60s and 70s who adapted soul, jazz and other American forms, and those from around the world who have in turn been influenced by this style of hybrid Ethiopian music, have had to unlock various technical musical problems, as well as navigate at times treacherous ethical waters and answer to allegations of cultural betrayal and/or appropriation. This dissertation identifies these problematic musical and ethical areas and, in the context of this criticism, it examines various viewpoints on how cultural interaction and exchange take place. The final chapter of this dissertation contextualizes my own creative portfolio, which accompanies this written work. It offers a personal response to the questions that have arisen from my affinity for Ethiopian music and from choosing an approach to composition closely informed by this affinity.</p>

scholarly journals Truthmaking and the world-time parallel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Gareth Leniston-Lee
Keyword(s):  
Possible Worlds ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ontological Status ◽  
Parallel Argument ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
To Come ◽  
Structural Parallel ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Way

<p>There is a close structural parallel between the way we talk about time and the way we talk about modality (i.e. matters of possibility, necessity, actuality etc.). A consequence of this is that whenever we construct a metaphysical argument within one of these domains, there is a parallel argument to be made in the other. On the face of it, this parallel between possible worlds and moments in time seems to commit us to holding corresponding attitudes to the ontological status of non-present and non-actual entities.  In this thesis I assess a claim made by Sider (2001: 41-42) that truthmaking – the idea that truth is grounded in existence – provides a way to avoid the commitment to ontological symmetry that this world-time parallel seems to foist upon us. Truthmaking challenges presentists, who deny the existence of past entities and actualists, who deny the existence of merely possible entities, to come up with a way of grounding truths that are ostensively about the events and entities that they deny exist. Sider’s claim can be broken down into three propositions:  1. Truthmaking provides reason to reject presentism. 2. Truthmaking does not provide reason to reject actualism. 3. Truthmaking breaks the ontological symmetry between time and modality.  In this thesis I argue that while 1 is false, 3 remains true. While I am not a presentist myself I do not think that truthmaking provides a sound basis for rejecting the position. Much of this thesis is dedicated to defending presentism against the challenge truthmaking poses. I also don’t believe that truthmaking undermines actualism, but do not commit myself to any particular actualist response to the truthmaking challenge in this thesis. My central aim is to show that the presentist has a viable response to the truthmaking challenge and that this response does not have a viable parallel in the modal case. So while I think that both presentists and actualists can provide adequate responses to the challenge truthmaking poses, truthmaking still breaks the symmetry because the arguments made in defence of each position are very different. So one might rationally accept one argument but not the other.</p>

John the Evangelist as the Forerunner of the Word

Philotheos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Andrej Jeftić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
Maximus The Confessor ◽  
The Way

The paper deals with the Amb. 21 of St Maximus the Confessor in which he attempts to resolve the ambiguity posed by St Gregory the Theologian calling John the Evangelist ‘the forerunner of the Word’. Maximus’ solution is analysed in detail as it provides significant insights into not only his understanding of the iconic nature of the Gospel as it relates to the world to come, but also into the way he develops his theological reasoning, as well as his understanding of the authority of the patristic authors.

Against Extremism

2020 ◽  
pp. 153-164
Author(s):  
William Wootten
Keyword(s):  
Sylvia Plath ◽  
The World ◽  
Great Poet ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Way

This chapter considers the attacks against Alvarez's extremism. In the 1960s and 1970s, there appeared something like a sub-genre devoted to attacking the notion of extremism in verse. Charles Tomlinson's ‘Against Extremity’, from his 1969 collection The Way of the World, was particularly outspoken and unpleasant, referring to how ‘That girl’ who nearly took her own life before writing a book. Roy Fisher, a late modernist poet also declared: ‘The poets are dying because they have been told to die’. The fiercest and most comprehensive sally came from a bright young Scottish academic named Veronica Forrest-Thomson, who inveighed against: the suicide merchants who say in effect, ‘no one can become a great poet unless he has at least tried killing himself’. The chapter goes on to discuss the similarities between Sylvia Plath and Forrest-Thomson, as well as the latter's poetry.

Youth Culture on Screens Big and Small

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helle Strandgaard Jensen ◽  
Gary Cross
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Youth Identity ◽  
The World ◽  
Youth Media ◽  
Media Systems ◽  
To Come ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Second World

Motion pictures and television have shaped youth identity while also evoking anxiety from adults concerned about the influence of this media on the young. Within different media systems, this phenomenon has had different trajectories, which becomes clear in a comparison of the United States and Scandanavia. In both regions, adults’ anxiety about the influence of films on the young was a dominant issue from the birth of the medium, accompanied by recurrent discussions of censorship and age classifications. After the Second World War, and particularly the 1960s, commercialized youth media in America attempted to directly appeal to youth, often through fantasy and romance. By contrast, publicly funded agencies in Scandinavia and elsewhere in Europe invited young people to influence how television and film could be used to advance their own agendas and aesthetics. With the expansion of the World Wide Web, youth were able to come together from all over the world to discuss and celebrate their favorite television series on dedicated fan pages and social media.

scholarly journals Bodies, Bollywood and Bond. The evolving image of secret agents in Hindi spy thrillers inspired by the 007 franchise

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Lipka-Chudzik
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
James Bond ◽  
Commercial Success ◽  
The World ◽  
Physical Abilities ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Way

Independent researcherIn the 1960s, after the international commercial success of the James Bond films, many imitations and parodies of the original were made in different parts of the world. In India popular Hindi films were also inspired by the 007 franchise, beginning with the action thriller Farz in 1967. From then on a new genre was formed in the Bombay cinema: Hindi Bond films. These derivative productions were deliberately created to replicate the plot formula and narrative structure of the original Bond series. They underwent considerable development from cheap, amateurish B-movies to big budget commercial hits such as Ek Tha Tiger in 2012. Also the leading characters in Hindi Bond films, the secret agents of the Indian police and intelligence, evolved from the innocent, happy-go-lucky youngsters in the 1960s into the tough, world-weary men of action in the 2010s. One of the most important factors of this gradual change is the way the heroes’ bodies were shown on screen. The focus on the esthetics, the musculature, the physical abilities and sex appeal of the Bombay Bonds was different in every decade. This article concentrates on the evolution of Hindi Bond films: the genre as well as the leading characters.

How Folklorists Changed the World: The Smithsonian Folklife Festival as a Catalyst for Change

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Zeitlin
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
American Culture ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

This chapter traces the influence of certain programmatic priorities, philosophies, and strategies on shaping the vision of the Smithsonian Folklife Festival and the ways in which certain Festival notions of art and cultural equity have since suffused American culture. Tracing the impact of the Festival from a personal vantage point, the author explores the Festival's history, suggesting the under-acknowledged contribution of folklorists to American culture and the way the Festival has become a model for other nationally acclaimed organizations such as City Lore in New York City and Story Corps, events such as the annual Cowboy Poetry Gathering in Elko, Nevada, and for media productions such as the Moth Radio Hour.

The Endorsement of Royal-Episcopal Collaboration in the FredegarChronica

Traditio ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Gregory I. Halfond
Keyword(s):  
Seventh Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Divine Judgment ◽  
Holy Places ◽  
To Come ◽  
End Times ◽  
The Way

The terse and politically oriented narrative of the seventh-century chronicle attributed to Fredegar often has been compared unfavorably to one of its principal sources, Gregory of Tours'sDecem Libri Historiarum, a complex and layered composition in which historical and theological programs converge. Although a superficial comparison with Gregory'sHistoriaewould seem to indicate Fredegar's own relative disengagement from ecclesiastical and spiritual concerns, a closer examination of theChronicareveals a programmatic effort to endorse royal-episcopal collaboration so that thepax ecclesiaemight be preserved and earthly governance perfected. Writing, as he believed, in the end times, Fredegar shared Gregory of Tours's eschatological conviction that such collaboration would help to prepare theregnum Francorumfor final judgment. A close examination of those twenty-one cases in which Fredegar refers explicitly to the involvement of bishops in court affairs suggests the chronicler's conviction that the professional, political, and spiritual obligations of Frankish bishops were not mutually exclusive. Furthermore, theChronica's ecclesiastical topography, while limited geographically and personalized according to Fredegar's attachment to specific cults and institutions, provides the setting for the author's collaborative ideal, with holy places providing both a context and an impetus for the integration of royal and clerical agendas. While Fredegar recognized signs of divine judgment everywhere, the chronicler's perspective ultimately was optimistic, envisioning aregnum Francorumcleansed of oppression by the judgment of God, preparing the way for the perfection of the world in the age to come.

scholarly journals Walking as a Metaphor

Transfers ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Avishek Ray
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Economic Order ◽  
City Space ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

This article reflects on the dissenting act of mobility as articulated by migrant workers in India, who, during the nationwide lockdown amid the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, are walking back home, hundreds of miles away, in lieu of public transport. Their mobility—precisely, the act of walking—has thus acquired a metaphoric status, and laid bare the ideological practices of territorializing the city-space. This article argues that the migrant worker’s mobility, from within the axiomatic of the prevalent “mobility regime,” can be read as a powerful metaphor of our tensions within the global political-economic order that the pandemic has so starkly exposed. The article provokes less literal, but more literary, understandings of mobilities in general, in order to come to grips with the manifold contradictions, paradoxes, and counteractions in the way the world moves.

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