Diet-Induced Changes in Plasma Amino Acid Pattern: Effects on the Brain Uptake of Large Neutral Amino Acids, and on Brain Serotonin Synthesis

1979 ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Fernstrom
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Pattern ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Brain Serotonin ◽  
Brain Uptake ◽  
Serotonin Synthesis ◽  
Large Neutral Amino Acids ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Brain

Valine entry into rat brain after diet-induced changes in plasma amino acids

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (1) ◽  
pp. R78-R84
Author(s):  
J. K. Tews ◽  
J. Greenwood ◽  
O. E. Pratt ◽  
A. E. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Brain

Passage of amino acids across the blood-brain barrier is assumed to be modified by amino acid composition of the blood. To gain a better understanding of the effects of protein intake on brain amino acid uptake, we examined associations among diet, plasma amino acid patterns, and the rate of entry of valine into the brain. Rats were fed (8 h/day for 7–10 days) diets containing 6, 18, or 50% casein before receiving one meal of a diet containing 0, 6, 18, or 50% casein. After 4–7 h, they were anesthetized and infused intravenously with [14C]valine for 5 min before plasma and brain samples were taken for determination of radioactivity and content of individual amino acids. As protein content of the meal was increased from 0 to 50% casein, plasma and brain concentrations of valine and most other large neutral amino acids (LNAA) increased severalfold; also the ratio of [14C]valine in brain to that in plasma decreased by greater than 50%, and the rate of valine entry into the brain increased 3.5-fold. The increase in valine flux slowed as plasma levels of LNAA, competitors for valine transport, increased. The results were far more dependent on protein content of the final meal than on that of the adaptation diet; thus changes in protein intake, as reflected in altered plasma amino acid patterns, markedly altered valine entry into the brain.

Stimulated amino acid imbalance and histidine transport in rat brain slices

1975 ◽  
Vol 229 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Lutz ◽  
JK Tews ◽  
AE Harper
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Large Neutral Amino Acids ◽  
Neutral Amino Acids ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Imbalance ◽  
The Brain

Histidine concentration in the brain decreases rapidly when rats are fed a low protein diet in which an amino acid imbalance is created by addition of an amino acid mixture devoid of histidine. Competition for histidine transport into the brain was suggested as an explanation for this effect. Therefore, animo acid mixtures simulating composition of plasma from rats fed basal or histidine-imbalanced diets were added to media to evaluate their effects on uptake of histidine by brain slices during a 60-min incubation period. At the concentrations actually found in plasma, the unbalanced mixture decreased histidine uptake significantly more than did the basal mixture. Two distinct inhibition patterns were observed with different groups of amino acids: a linear decrease in histidine uptake with a mixture of the small neutral, hydroxyl, basic, and acidic amino acids, and a hyperbolic decrease with a mixture of large neutral amino acids, and a hyperbolic decrease with a mixture of large neutral amino acids. Inhibition of histidine transport by the complete mixtures reflected these two effects. Plasma patterns and concentrations of competitive amino acids as well as the concentration of histidine appear to be factors involved in decreasing histidine transport into the brain.

Effect of dietary amino acid pattern on plasma amino acid pattern and food intake

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (4) ◽  
pp. 686-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Sanahuja ◽  
Alfred E. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Amino Acid Pattern ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Imbalance

Effects of a dietary imbalance of amino acids on the plasma amino acid pattern of the protein-depleted rat are described. The amino acid imbalance was created by adding a mixture of indispensable amino acids lacking histidine to a diet in which the protein was provided by 6% of beef blood fibrin. The addition of this amino acid mixture was previously shown to cause depressions in growth and food intake. In the present study the depression in food intake was preceded by a fall in plasma histidine concentration and at the same time the concentrations of some of the other indispensable amino acids, especially threonine, began to rise. The ratios of several indispensable amino acids to histidine in the plasma were elevated when food intake was most severely depressed.

Plasma amino acid ratios related to brain serotonin synthesis in response to food intake in bulimia nervosa

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 659-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanno Pijl ◽  
Adam F. Cohen ◽  
Robbert J. Verkes ◽  
Hans P.F. Koppeschaar ◽  
Jolein A. Iestra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Brain Serotonin ◽  
Serotonin Synthesis

Dietary intake of tryptophan tied emotion-related impulsivity in humans

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Javelle ◽  
Descartes Li ◽  
Philipp Zimmer ◽  
Sheri L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Serotonin Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid Tryptophan ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Three Factor

Abstract. Emotion-related impulsivity, defined as the tendency to say or do things that one later regret during periods of heightened emotion, has been tied to a broad range of psychopathologies. Previous work has suggested that emotion-related impulsivity is tied to an impaired function of the serotonergic system. Central serotonin synthesis relies on the intake of the essential amino acid, tryptophan and its ability to pass through the blood brain barrier. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between emotion-related impulsivity and tryptophan intake. Methods: Undergraduate participants (N = 25, 16 women, 9 men) completed a self-rated measure of impulsivity (Three Factor Impulsivity Index, TFI) and daily logs of their food intake and exercise. These data were coded using the software NutriNote to evaluate intakes of tryptophan, large neutral amino acids, vitamins B6/B12, and exercise. Results: Correlational analyses indicated that higher tryptophan intake was associated with significantly lower scores on two out of three subscales of the TFI, Pervasive Influence of Feelings scores r =  –.502, p < . 010, and (lack-of) Follow-Through scores, r =  –.407, p < . 050. Conclusion: Findings provide further evidence that emotion-related impulsivity is correlated to serotonergic indices, even when considering only food habits. It also suggests the need for more research on whether tryptophan supplements might be beneficial for impulsive persons suffering from a psychological disorder.

Major liver resection results in a changed plasma amino acid pattern as reflected by a decreased Fischer ratio which improves by bactericidal/permeability increasing protein

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Nijveldt ◽  
Marinus J. Wiezer ◽  
Catharina Meijer ◽  
Hubert A. Prins ◽  
Markwin G. Statius Muller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Liver Resection ◽  
Amino Acid Pattern ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Major Liver Resection

Source and function of urinary ammonia in the alligator

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (4) ◽  
pp. 873-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland A. Coulson ◽  
Thomas Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Amino Acid Level ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Plasma Amino Acids ◽  
Renal Reabsorption ◽  
And Function ◽  
Phosphate Solutions

The rate of renal deamination of 18 amino acids was determined by injecting them into alligators and measuring the ammonia excreted. Not only did glycine, alanine, glutamine and leucine account for nearly half of the plasma amino acids, they were also deaminated more rapidly than any of the others. In view of this it was concluded that these four amino acids are the natural precursors of urinary NH3 in the alligator. Increased NH3 and CO2 excretion following glycine injections resulted in increased renal reabsorption of Na and Cl when NaCl was injected and increased Na reabsorption when NaHCO3 or Na phosphate solutions were injected. The fact that excess NH4HCO3 excretion enhances salt reabsorption independent of plasma pH makes it probable that the excretion of N is the chief function of the ammonia mechanism and that salt conservation is incidental. Insulin decreased the plasma amino acid level and drastically reduced the NH3 excretion. With the decrease in ammonia, NaCl and NaHCO3 were excreted in increased amounts.

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